Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Paillard.
We examined the ability of a patient, who had a cerebral lesion involving the left posterior hemisphere, to identify and to localize stimuli applied to her "deafferented" right upper limb. We observed a functional dissociation between localization and identification in both performance and subjective report. This finding may be a tactual analogue of "blind sight."
Liepmann's description of apraxia still serves as a point of reference for neurological thinking about higher motor function. The extent to which this model is accessible to interpretation in the light of current neurophysiological knowledge has been examined. Planning and programming processes have been distinguished, and the separate roles of striopallidal and cerebellar loops in the generation of those processes have been considered in relation to the contribution of parietal and frontal association areas. It is emphasized that a new taxonomy of action is imperative in order that neurophysiological and psychological approaches can be correlated in the study of higher motor function and its pathological disorders.
Regarding the tracking down of hepatic metastases, a study was made on 58 patients presenting either digestive or genital adenocarcinoma. The determining criterion of selection was the carrying out of the three following tests within the same month (Technetium 99 Scintigraphy, Echotomography B and surgery). The global breakdown of exact answers is in favour of echography (72% against 53%), echography being more reliable than scintigraphy. Therefore echotomography B seems to be the first morphological method that should be proposed; and for improving the tracking down, scintigraphy makes the interpretation of the results more difficult, and reduces the number of correct answers.
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Among more than 7000 adult patients with suspected dysthyroidism in who radioimmune assays were performed, the authors have selected 21 patients with high TSH hypothyroidism who had assays before and after replacement therapy with various preparations prescribed by their G.P. The results in this group of 61 treatments of at least 3 weeks duration were as follows: (1) under thyroid extract or thyroglobulin (21 treatments), the condition persisted in the majority of patients; (2) under thyroxine (31 treatments), the thyroid function returned to normal with a once-a-day dose of 150 mcg/-T4; (3) under triiodothyronine (7 treatments), none of the patients reverted to euthyroidism. Levothyroxine therapy therefore appears to be the most effective and cheapest way of providing optimal replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism. The daily dose of about 150 mcg can easily be adjusted according to the results of occasional hormonal assays.
The present study was based on the assumption that there are two visual channels which provide separate contributions to visuo-motor recalibration following prismatic displacement of the visual field. The functional properties of the two channels were assumed to conform to predictions from the two motion-analyzing systems models of visual motion perception. The results of the present study confirmed the predictions of the model. Whatever the type of illumination (continuous or stroboscopic) central vision utilizes only cues provided by visual exposure of the arm pointing to a stationary target. Peripheral vision utilizes only cues from visual exposure of the arm freely moving against the homogeneous background but this can be prevented by stroboscopic illumination. In peripheral vision, movement cues provided by exposure of a passively moved arm are not processed. In contrast, the processing of visual cues in central vision is unaffected by whether the movements are active or passive, provided that a stationary target is present. The effects of the two channels may be additive or competitive depending on the conditions. Experimental and theoretical implications are discussed.
Contrary to the techniques of mere association, column chromatography has revealed a 'protoreceptor' that accepts aldosterone agonists and antagonists only in the physiological target, the kidney, and is absent in non-targets, liver and serum; it is furthermore different from the aldosterone specific receptor in renal cytosol.
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Muscle blood flow measurements are of physiological (and pathological) significance only during effort. For this reason, the authors used Xe 133, which has been known since 1964, to measure regional muscle blood flow after its injection into the muscle, to quantify results during effort (pedalling). Effort is controlled by two measurable parameters: the weight lifted by the pedal and the frequency of movements. Curves showing the reduction in intramuscular Xe 133 levels cannot be mathematically formulated. It is easy, however, to measure their areas and thus define a mean elimination time (Tm) between times T1 and T2, beginning and end of effort, corresponding to activities A1 and A2 such that: formula: (see text). Normal Tm value, measured in 58 normal subjects with variable frequencies and weights lifted is: Tm = 1.70 +/- 0.38 min. The values in 70 patients with arteritis were significantly longer and can be greater than 3.5 min. This objective test could be of value in quintifying the effects of so-called vasodilators, both in patients with arteritis and venous insufficiency.
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The urgent nature of certain cases of pulmonary ambolism limits the examinations possible to a minimum which should be rapid, immediately interpretable, absolutley harmless and of proven reliability. We reviewed 27 cases of patients referred fro possible embolectomy in a cardiovascular surgery service from 1968 to 1975. Infusion scintigraphy was carried out in all the patients and 20 underwent surgery. Retrospective study of these cases indicates that infusion lung scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis in all 27 and indicated the need for medical or surgical treatment. The problems which were posed by certain scintigraphic images obtained using a scanning apparatus with iodine mabelled macro-agregates have disappeared with current techniques: the use of microemboli labelled with Technetium, a short-life low energy isotope, together with a scintillation camera which gives rapid AP and lateral views, the latter being essential in the determination of the topographical distribution of the defects.
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