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Biomedical subjects

J P Waterhouse

Publications and source records attributed to J P Waterhouse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Histochemical study of lectin binding in the human fetal minor salivary glands.

The emerging synthesis of glycoconjugates containing specific oligosaccharides in developing human fetal labial and lingual salivary glands has been investigated by lectin histochemistry. An avidin-biotin technique was used to study the binding of lectins from Ulex europeus I (UEA-I), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine maximus (SBA), Helix pomatia (HPA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Triticum vulgare (WGA) to specific sugars on sections of tissue from labial glands, glands of Blandin and Nuhn, glands of von Ebner and the dorsoposterior lingual salivary glands. Incipient synthesis of glycoconjugates in early glands and their presence in the cells and ducts of the later glands was shown. The study also showed a time-related increase in both staining intensity and binding sites of serous acinar cells from all glands and for all lectins used. For mucous cells, peak intensity of staining was reached by the middle phase of development. During later gland development this intensity was maintained in dorsoposterior lingual glands but tended to decline in labial glands. The various lectins showed different degrees of binding but UEA-I lectin generally bound the L-fucose sugar group in all salivary glands at all gestational ages. The results showed that lectins appear to bind to the oligosaccharides on epithelial cell surfaces of fetal salivary glands at all stages of development. The degree of change depends upon the stage of differentiation and maturation of the glands.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1994

Stereological and immunohistochemical study of development of human fetal labial salivary glands and their S-100 protein reactivity.

Stereological and certain histochemical aspects of fetal growth and development of human labial salivary glands are reported. Stereological analysis showed a highly significant progressive increase in proportional gland volume occupied by acini from 27% at 20 weeks to 56% at 38 weeks (P < 0.0001), and a comparable having of the relative gland volume occupied by connective tissue in the same period (P < 0.0001). Linear regression fitted the data well (r2 = 0.59 and 0.47 respectively, n = 46). The change in relative volume occupied by ducts or by vascular tissue was small and did not reach significance. S-100 protein reactivity was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of cells of the labial gland primordia from their origin. As gland differentiation progressed, the S-100 reactivity became localized in basophil acinar cells and in proximal (intercalated and intralobular), but not in distal, duct cells. A gradual increase in intensity of S-100 protein activity at these sites during salivary gland development was observed. Morphological maturity seems to be complete before 29 weeks but myoepithelial cells could not be identified with certainty.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

A FORTRAN program for the statistical analysis of incomplete time series data sets by a method of partition.

A program written in FORTRAN-77 which executes an analysis for periodicity of a time series data set is presented. Time series analysis now has applicability and use in a wide range of biomedical studies. The analytical method termed here a method of partition is derived from periodogram analysis, but uses the principle of analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is effective when used on incomplete data sets. An example in which a data set is made progressively more incomplete by the random removal of values demonstrates this, and a listing of the program and a sample output in both an abbreviated and a full version are given.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

A light, transmission and scanning electron microscope study of snuff-treated hamster cheek pouch epithelium.

The effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on hamster cheek mucosa were studied by light microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two grams of commercially available smokeless tobacco were placed into the blind end of the right cheek pouch of each experimental animal, once a day and five days a week for 24 months. The control animals did not receive smokeless tobacco. After 24 months treatment with smokeless tobacco, hamster cheek mucosal epithelium lost its translucency and had become whitish in color. By light microscopy hyperorthokeratosis, prominent granular cell layers with increased keratohyalin granules and hyperplasia were seen. At the ultrastructural level, wider intercellular spaces filled with microvilli, numerous shorter desmosomes, many thin tonofilament bundles, increased number of mitochondria, membrane coating granules and keratohyalin granules were seen in snuff-treated epithelium. The changes in the surface of the epithelium as seen by SEM were the development of an irregular arrangement of the microridges and the disappearance of the normal honeycomb pattern. The microridges were irregular, widened and surrounded the irregular elongated pits. Some smooth areas without microridges and pits were also seen. The long-term histological, TEM and SEM changes induced by smokeless tobacco treatment of the epithelium are well correlated with each other and were similar to those reported in human leukoplakia without dyskeratosis. They imply changes of pathological response resulting from topically applied snuff.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Contributions of William Hunter (1718-1783) to dental science.

This article briefly describes some of the many and varied contributions which William Hunter made to medical and dental science in the eighteenth century. His work provided the foundations from which anatomy became one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Hunter's teaching methods are still influential today and his specimen collection is one of the most comprehensive in existence.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1990

Morphological variations and population density of membrane-coating granules in human gingival sulcular epithelium.

Surgically excised specimens of sulcular wall with minimal inflammatory response as judged by clinical then histological criteria were processed for electron microscopy. The specimens were divided into crestal, middle and cervical areas of the sulcular epithelium. The highest concentration of membrane-coating granules was found in the upper spinous cell layers of sulcular epithelium. The profiles of these granules showed examples of both classical keratinized (lamellated) and non-keratinized (non-lamellated) forms but also other appearances that were not derived from them through differences in the plane of section. The population of granules decreased between the crestal and cervical zones, and the decrease in number was marked for the lamellated granules. This decrease in numbers of membrane-coating granules, together with the wider intercellular spaces, may be the reason why the sulcular epithelium is most permeable in the cervical region.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Subacute necrotizing sialadenitis.

Twelve cases of a heretofore unreported minor salivary gland disease have been reported. Although an infectious cause is suspected for this self-limiting inflammatory process, the actual cause remains unknown. It typically presents as a unilateral, erythematous, nonuclerated but painful, solitary firm swelling of the posterior hard palate. Patients are most often young white men who have spent several weeks in a new environment with a group of people living in close quarters such as military barracks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

William and John Hunter.

This article describes some of the contributions which the brothers William and John Hunter made to medical and dental science. John is revered in London and William in Glasgow. Both had an important influence on dentistry and its development as an academic subject.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1989

Elemental and cytochemical localization of calcium in rat cheek epithelium.

Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, combined with scanning electron microscopy, was applied to 18 microns thick freeze-dried cryosections to determine the level of calcium in successive layers of the epithelium. This indicated low levels of calcium in basal cells, high in spinous cells, moderate in granular cells, lowest in the inner keratin and highest in the outer keratin layers. The potassium pyroantimonate technique was used to study the cytochemical distribution of Ca2+. The reaction product, calcium pyroantimonate (Ca-PA), was generated from cellular and intercellular calcium by perfusion of the anaesthetized rat with a solution of potassium pyroantimonate in glutaraldehyde. Ca-PA was localized in nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomal-type bodies and membrane-coating granules. A denser Ca-PA distribution was found between upper spinous and lower granular cells. The proposed identification of Ca2+ as a major component in Ca-PA was confirmed by EDTA decalcification and X-ray microprobe analysis of the reaction product. Thus X-ray microanalysis in combination with cytochemistry can localize Ca2+ in a growing and differentiating tissue such as stratified squamous epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic study of histogenesis of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the histogenesis of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Eleven cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary glands and five of the major glands were extensively studied employing immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic techniques. Both the intermediate cells and the duct cells showed a rather similar pattern of reactivity for vimentin, actin and EMA. Also, the intermediate cells and the myoepithelial cells showed a similar reaction pattern for keratin and UGA-1. The intermediate, myoepithelial and duct cells shared a similar reaction pattern for desmin, myosin, CEA, and S-100 protein. However, the rest of the tumor markers studied (AFP, PNA and WGA) were found to be non contributary. We also found that the intermediate and to some extent the epidermoid tumor cells showed a positive reaction with Azophloxine GA, which is a selective stain for myoepithelial cells in the normal glands. Based on these findings, the duct cells, the myoepithelial cell in the normal glands and the intermediate cells of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma share certain similar characteristics. The intermediate cells may actually be a mixed population, some having characteristics of the myopithelial cells and others of duct cells. These findings are relevant to the possible role of the intermediate cell in the histogenesis of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Effects of diphenylhydantoin on teeth in rabbit.

The drug diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is well known to affect the gingiva of humans. Among other known unwanted effects is that on calcified tissues. The initial purpose of our study was to examine the effect of chronic administration of DPH on the continuously erupting incisors of the rabbit. While studying the dentin a second investigation was undertaken when it was noticed that the pulps in DPH-treated rabbits were apparently more vascular than those in the control rabbits. After a treatment period of from 5-6.5 weeks the rabbits were killed, the jaws decalcified, sectioned and stained. The results presented here show that the animals treated with DPH developed less dentin. The pulps from the DPH-treated animals showed a greater area occupied by blood vessels. These experimental results are of interest in view of reported clinical findings that some patients treated with DPH develop smaller teeth with blunted apices. The vessel changes remain unexplained.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A kinetic study of rat salivary gland alkaline phosphatase and its inhibition by cadmium.

Alkaline phosphatase, confined to myoepithelial cells and blood capillaries in rat submandibular salivary gland (SSG), may participate in the regulation of salivary flow. To determine whether the alkaline phosphatase of SSG has unique properties, comparative kinetic and inhibition studies on enzymes from SSG, intestine and kidney were performed. The Km values (at optimal pH for each tissue) of 0.34, 0.55 and 0.49 mM with p-nitrophenylphosphate for the enzymes from SSG, kidney and small intestine respectively were similar. However, in the presence of cadmium the Ki values of 0.08 and 0.12 microM for the enzymes from SSG and kidney respectively were different from the value of 1.86 microM for the enzyme from small intestine. Differences in Ki values suggest differences in biochemical properties between the enzyme from small intestine and that isolated from SSG or kidney.

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

Use of x-ray microanalysis to monitor diffusion of Zn from a cement into human dentin.

Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDAX system), with scanning electron microscopy was used to detect diffusion of Zn from a source in human dentin and the system was tested for sensitivity and reproducibility. Sections of human teeth in which a ZnO-eugenol cement had been placed in a cavity in the dentin in vivo were prepared and x-ray microanalytical measurements carried out. We found that values of counts for Zn, Ca and P in the same field were linear up to a total counting time of 60 sec. We further found that reproducibility of values between repeat examinations of the same specimens on different days was excellent. The concentration of Zn in the dentin decreased exponentially with distance from source within the distance tested. We conclude that the system can be used to detect trace concentrations of Zn, and that accordingly the diffusion behavior of a variety of ions in dentin could be monitored.

Calcium↗
PubMed1982

Epithelial dimensions and capillary supply in the oral mucosa of the rat.

Subdividing the cheek, palate and ventral tongue into seven anatomically identifiable regions enabled us to assess relationships that were previously obscured by the great heterogeneity of rat oral epithelium. Capillaries were visualized by an alkaline phosphatase azo dye method in oral mucosa of four 3-month old male rats. Basal layer length per unit surface length showed a statistically significant relationship with the thickness of the epithelial cell layer in all seven regions. Linear regression of mean regional length of basal layer on mean thickness of the cellular layer in the seven regions was statistically highly significant. This was true also for mean capillary length. Thickness of the cellular layer, length of the basal layer and capillary length were similar in a palatal ruga and a thick region of cheek, suggesting that epithelial thickness rather than the type of mucosa influences the magnitude of these values. Proportional reductions in all three variables were observed in a second region of cheek and a region of ventral tongue, supporting this suggestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Increased double marker lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative disorders.

In this study we were able to confirm the presence of double marker lymphocytes (D cells) in human peripheral blood from normal subjects in addition to patients with SLE and malignant lymphoma. Quantitation of D cells and Null lymphocytes (N cells) in peripheral blood was not feasible via conventional rosette methods. The present combination method, using two indicators, neuraminidase treated sheep red blood cells (nSRBC) and Immunobeads, allows for simultaneous demonstration of T, B, N and D lymphocytes in a simple reproducible manner. The mean percentage of the D cell counts with this method was 1.8% of total lymphocytes from normal donors, 7.0% in patients with SLE, and 29.2% in patients with malignant lymphoma. The simultaneous quantitation of T, B and N cells in these blood samples was compared to the results of conventional methods, i.e. E rosettes for T cells and EAC rosettes for B cells, which gave similar results. This combination method for simultaneous enumeration of human peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations may offer significant advances in the study and diagnosis of various clinical entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Structural changes in rabbit oral epithelium caused by zinc deficiency.

We report the successful establishment of zinc deficiency in rabbits by dietary means. The soybean protein of a standard rabbit diet was replaced by egg albumin. Weanling, New Zealand white rabbits, were fed a low zinc diet containing 1.5 microgram Zn/g of diet. Zinc-deficient rabbits showed stunted growth, weight loss, altered posture, partial alopecia and crusting of skin. Structural alterations in oral epithelium of the zinc-deficient rabbits included in the tongue flattened filiform papillae showing parakeratosis, in the cheek parakeratosis of the normally nonkeratinized epithelium and hyperplasia of the lip epidermis.

Animals↗