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Biomedical subjects

J P O'Brien

Publications and source records attributed to J P O'Brien.

190 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Induced pain referral from posterior lumbar elements in normal subjects.

Patterns of pain referral, induced from the posterior elements, have been studied in normal volunteer subjects. A series of intracapsular and pericapsular injections were performed at the L1-2 and L4-5 levels. The areas of pain referral indicate overlap between the upper and lower lumbar spine. It is also shown that the pericapsular and intrafacetal pain referral areas are similar and that the upper lumbar spine is more sensitive than the lower.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraabdominal pressure rise during weight lifting as an objective measure of low-back pain.

Twenty-three male patients who had chronic nonspecific low-back pain were asked to record the amount of pain they felt on an arbitrary scale while lifting light weights in different directions. During the lifts their intraabdominal pressures were recorded with an intragastric transducer. The patients who experienced extra pain during the lift had higher rises of pressure than both normal controls and those patients who did not experience extra pain. The available evidence suggests that this pressure rise may be a response to low-back pain and may be used as a method of objectively measuring that pain.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apophyseal joint degeneration in the cervical spine following halo-pelvic distraction.

A review of the roentgenograms and clinical findings of 100 patients seen consecutively who had had halo-pelvic distraction for the correction of spinal deformity showed an overall incidence of cases with apophyseal joint degeneration of 47.4%. There were independent and significant differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups with regard to patients' ages and the amounts of the time spent in halo-pelvic distraction. Stepwise discriminant analysis has yielded a table of the maximum amount of time a patient can spend in halo-pelvic traction per year of age, beyond which there is a significant chance of developing degenerative changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apophyseal injection of local anesthetic as a diagnostic aid in primary low-back pain syndromes.

Twenty-five out of 41 adult patients suffering from their first attack of acute low-back pain were subjected to local anesthetic injection into the maximally tender lumbar apophyseal joints under controlled conditions. Two clinical syndromes can be identified according to whether the patients responded to the facet injection or not. Various clinical differences were statistically significant and included a wider than normal spinal canal in the responding group. The clinical significance of these two distinct groups is discussed in detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological changes in the annulus fibrosus in patients with low-back pain.

The anterior annulus from patients undergoing surgery for low-back pain was compared with the same region removed at autopsy. Collagen, proteoglycan, and water content were measured in different regions across the annulus. Water and proteoglycan contents increased from the outer to the inner annulus, whereas the collagen contents declined. Quantitative differences were found between agematched surgical and autopsy specimens. Discs from most patients showed lowered proteoglycan contents, and a few of these showed high water contents. Loss of collagen in isolated areas of the annulus was demonstrated in some patients. Collagen loss occurred most frequently in the lumbosacral disc, whereas changes in proteoglycan and water were more frequent higher in the lumbar region. No qualitative changes in collagen types were detected immunochemically. In many patients, the levels of proteoglycan which aggregated in vitro were extremely low. Changes in hexosamine molar ratio of disc proteoglycan and in the length of the chondroitin sulfate side chains were observed with aging in this group of patients.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular accidents after actinic (solar) exposure. An aspect of the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome.

A link may exist between vascular accidents and identifiable episodes of excessive exposure to actinic radiation. If this is so, the explanation may lie in the bizarre behaviour of the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. In turn, the syndrome itself seems to be based upon actinically induced damage and reactivity in the elastic tissues at the surface of the body.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior spinal tenderness in low-back pain syndromes.

This paper describes the clinical sign of anterior tenderness of the lumbar spine in patients with low-back pain, the method of examination recommended, and the possible significance of such tenderness. The precise mechanism of this tenderness is not clear because of a lack of knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the anterior part of the spine. Anterior palpation of the lumbar spine should be considered part of a full routine examination in patients with low-back pain. Long-term follow-up and observations will be required before the full significance of this sign is revealed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Actinically degenerate elastic tissue: the prime antigen in the giant cell (temporal) arteritis syndrome? New data from the posterior ciliary arteries.

OBJECTIVE: To search for evidence of actinic elastotic degeneration (actinic arteriopathy) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) in the posterior ciliary arteries of eyes from aged white Australians. METHODS: Three hundred donor eyes were given to us by the Lions Eye Bank of New South Wales at Sydney Hospital. Of these, 146 formed the basis of this study. Portions of the posterior ciliary arteries located in relation to the optic nerve heads were processed in paraffin and were then stained by a sensitive haematoxylin and eosin stain that had been especially developed to display actinic elastotic degeneration of elastic tissue. RESULTS: Among 60 "aged" subjects (70-90 yrs.), a total of 41 (approximately 68%) showed definite changes of actinic elastotic degeneration in their laminae, a condition called actinic arteriopathy. One of these subjects revealed giant cells on degenerate lamina, giving a picture regarded as early (pre-clinical) GCA. A young "control" group of 60 subjects 17-59 years of age revealed only one subject with a similar degree of actinic arteriopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Actinic arteriopathy of the posterior ciliary arteries was more frequent and advanced in the "aged", over-70 group as compared with changes in the "young" group < 60 years of age. One aged subject without a history of eye disease showed giant cells associated with elastotically degenerate internal elastic lamina. Her fortuitous lesions are regarded as indicative of how GCA is likely to begin in the damaged arteries.

Adolescent↗