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Biomedical subjects

J P Houston

Publications and source records attributed to J P Houston.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Clinical, radiological and pathological findings in 31 patients with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis have been reviewed. The spectrum of presentation was similar to that of cholelithiasis but fewer patients had biliary colic (17 per cent) and there were more complications (32 per cent). Four patients had a biliary fistula and four a perforated gallbladder with abscess formation. Patients characteristically had gallstones. Appearances often mimicked carcinoma of the gallbladder at ultrasonography and/or laparotomy, with xanthogranulomatous tissue extending to adjacent structures. Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and carcinoma of the gallbladder coexisted in three patients. The possibility should be considered that an 'inoperable tumour' of the gallbladder may in fact be xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, a benign condition that frozen-section biopsy may confirm.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cerebrospinal fluid HVA, central brain atrophy, and clinical state in schizophrenia.

In 16 patients with chronic schizophrenia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) showed a significant negative correlation with computed tomographic measures of brain third ventricle size. Clinical state during a drug-free period was also significantly correlated with CSF HVA level, but not with third ventricle size when the effect of CSF HVA was partialed out. The authors propose that these findings may reflect an atrophic process involving structures around the third ventricle and a decrease in dopaminergic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Adenylate cyclase of human articular chondrocytes. Responsiveness to prostaglandins and other hormones.

Adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] was shown to be present in cultured human articular chondrocytes. Optimal conditions of incubation time, protein and substrate concentrations and pH were determined in whole cell lysates. Maximal activity occurred at pH 8.5 with no decrease in activity up to pH 10.0. Adenylate cyclase activity of particulate membrane preparations was enhanced by the addition of crude cytosol preparations. The prostaglandins E1, E2, F1 alpha, F2 alpha, D2, B1, B2, A1 and A2, as well as adrenaline and isoprenaline, stimulated adenylate cyclase derived from either adult or foetal chondrocytes. No significant stimulation was observed in the presence of human calcitonin or glucagon. Bovine parathyroid hormone always significantly stimulated the adenylate cyclase derived from foetal chondrocytes, but not from adult chondrocytes. Preincubation of the chondrocytes in culture with indomethacin and with or without supernatant medium from cultured mononuclear cells increased the responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase to prostaglandin E1.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1982

Clinical utility of salivary lithium concentration.

Saliva, plasma and erythrocyte lithium concentrations were studied in 40 long-term lithium users. Intersubject variation in saliva to plasma lithium ratio was too great for clinical utility, when based on a group linear regression equation. By contrast, intrasubject data from 8 patients studied on three or more occasions indicated a higher linear correlation (r = 0.91 to 1.00 for 7 of 8 patients). For individual patients the ratio remained stable over varying concentration ranges, and was not affected by time from last dose or length of use of lithium. Based on these data, use of saliva concentrations of lithium for routine monitoring appears feasible after several blood and saliva concentrations are obtained to establish a relationship for a particular patient. Saliva monitoring may facilitate accurate analysis and convenience for some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effects of smoking on free recall and organization.

Habitual smokers smoked either nicotine-free cigarettes or cigarettes containing a known amount of nicotine and then engaged in a free-recall task. Nicotine subjects recalled significantly fewer words on a 75-item list during three successive trials of immediate recall than did nicotine-free subjects. Contrary to expectations, the superiority of the nonnicotine group persisted over two days. The two groups displayed comparable organizational activity (indexed by category clustering).

Adult↗