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Biomedical subjects

J P Holle

Publications and source records attributed to J P Holle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Asbestosis. Computed tomography in comparison with conventional roentgen diagnosis].

Thirty patients (27 men and 3 women) with an average industrial asbestos exposure of 19 years have been examined. The results of conventional radiography and CT have been analysed and compared with pulmonary function studies. The advantages of CT depend on a better demonstration of the pleura and lung periphery. In 24% of cases plaques were diagnosed by chest x-rays which could, however, be excluded by computed tomography. Correct prediction of restricted ventilation was possible in 84% patients by means of CT. On the other hand, this prediction by means of conventional radiographs could be made reliably only if there was extensive fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Significance of measurement of the oscillatory resistance to respiration in children. (author's transl)].

The oscillatory resistance to respiration (Ros) was measured in 218 children and 260 adults using the Siregnost FD5 (Siemens, Erlangen), and compared with whole body plethysmography (Raw) and with spirometry. There was a markedly better correlation between Ros and Raw (r=0.82;n=88) in children than in adults (r=0.53;n=260). Whereas additional recording of the phase angle in children does not yield any substantial additional information, it is of diagnostic importance in adults. Comparison of Ros with the spirometric values yielded the following sequence of decreasing correlation coefficients (linear regression): FEV1.0, PEF, V 75, MMEF, V 50, V 25, whereas in adults these relationships cannot be described by means of a linear correlation. The results enable us to conclude that in paediatric pneumology an alternative use of whole-body plethysmography and of oscillatory method appears justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Modulation of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction with inhaled, oral, and intravenous clemastine in normal and asthmatic subjects.

Although histamine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma through stimulation of H1 receptors, H1 antagonists are of only limited use in this disease when given orally. In order to investigate the pharmacological response to a specific H1 antagonist administered by different routes, we measured the effect of inhaled clemastine on airway responsiveness to histamine aerosol and compared the results with those after oral and intravenous administration in normal and asthmatic subjects. Inhalation of 0.6 mg clemastine provided significant protection without side effects and was comparable to intravenous administration of 1.0 mg in both groups. In normal subjects 2.0 mg clemastine orally was significantly less effective than the two other routes of administration whereas in asthmatics an enhanced reaction to histamine was observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of respiratory mechanics with forced oscillations. Comparison of two methods (Siregnost FD 5 versus a pseudorandom noise technique).

Two methods for measuring respiratory mechanics by forced oscillations were compared, one using a frequency spectrum of 2-32 Hz produced by a pseudorandom noise generator (PRN), the other (Siregnost FD 5) a constant frequency of 10 Hz. In normals and patients with various lung diseases real part of impedance, Re, and phase angle, psi, determined at 10Hz with the two devices correlated well; however, Re measured by Siregnost FD 5 was always higher when compared to PRN. In patients with airway obstruction frequency dependence of resistance and reactance could be shown to be related to the severity of the disease. This important information cannot be obtained by Siregnost FD 5. As Siregnost FD 5 is a simple and reliable method, it is a valuable completion of standard lung function methods. However, for detailed analysis the respiratory system should be investigated at a variety of frequencies.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1980

[Alteration of bronchial flow resistance due to timolol 0.25% in bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

A woman patient suffering from long-term pulmonary asthma was treated with steroids and developed a secondary glaucoma. After the first application of one drop of Timololmaleat 0,25% in the lower conjunctival sac of each eye a significant increase in bronchospasm was registered. The cause and consequences of this side-effect are discussed. Timolol is contraindicated for patients with pulmonary disease as long as a negative effect on the pulmonary system is not ruled out by pulmonary tests.

Asthma↗
PubMed1980

Lung function studies in a patient with diffuse pulmonary fibroleiomyomas.

Diffuse pulmonary fibroleiomyomas were detected by open-lung biopsy in a 33-year-old male patient. Lung function studies revealed severe airflow obstruction, hyperinflation, grossly impaired single-breath-diffusing capacity and a decrease in PaO2 during exercise, i.e. data which are compatible with pulmonary emphysema. However, static lung compliance was within normal limits excluding the existence of pure emphysema. Additional special lung function tests confirmed the assumption that in diffuse fibroleiomyomas of the lung, functional patterns characteristic of obstructive and restrictive lung disease are present that are in agreement with the histological features of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The effect of aminophylline (Euphyllin) on the mechanics of breathing and the gaseous exchange in persons with bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

The physiological effect of intravenous application of aminophylline on the mechanics of breathing and the gaseous exchange in persons with bronchial asthma was studied in 7 out-patients before, during and up to 90 minutes after intravenous injection of 0,48 g of Euphillin, and the data were related to the respective serum levels of the drug. The patients suffered from long-standing bronchial asthma, generally associated with moderate airways obstruction. The bronchodilating effect of Euphyllin could be substantiated for the whole time of the trial solely in respect of the changes in oscillatory impedence; the other parameters showed only temporary changes which had disappeard by the end of the trial although the serum levels of aminophylline were in the therapeutic range (mean +/- SD: 12,5 +/- 3,0 microgram/ml). The data indicate that in some patients with bronchial asthma the effect of Euphyllin on lung function is unpredictable. The suggestion is made to measure the responsiveness of the patient to aminophylline by means of simple lung function tests in order to decide whether or not other bronchodilatory substances should be aded to the therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of the oscillatory measurement of airway resistance with plethysmography and spirometry in juvenile patients].

In 78 children (age 4 to 17 years, height 102 to 179 cm) with and without clinical signs of airway obstruction, spirometric and plethysmographic measurements were compared with the forced oscillation method for determination of resistance to breathing (Ros). Ros was measured with a recently developed apparatus (Siregnost FD5. Siemens) and showed a close correlation with resistance (r = 0.84; n = 78). The spirometric values did not, however, exhibit a definite relationship to Ros. This study demonstrates that airway obstruction in children can be equally well estimated by oscillatory and plethysmographic techniques. Compared with plethysmography, determination of Ros has the particular advantage of being better tolerated by young subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Dco at various breath-holding times: comparison in patients with chronic bronchial asthma and emphysema.

Measurement of Dco is known to be dependent upon functional inhomogeneities. Because different types of inhomogeneities are operative in patients with bronchial asthma and patients with emphysema, different changes of Dco with increasing breath-holding time, tA, are to be expected. We studied the change of Dco with increasing breath-holding time in healthy subjects, patients with asthma bronchiale and patients with emphysema. In the patients the severity of airway obstruction was about the same. The following results were obtained: (a) in healthy subjects and in the asthmatics Dco decreased with tA, in a similar manner, approaching a value (ml . min-1 . Terror-1) of 34.7 and 31.6 at 10 sec, respectively, and (b) in patients with emphysema Dco increased with tA, yielding negative values at small tA: 1.5 sec-23.4; 10 sec: 11.7. From these results we suggest that in healthy subjects and in patients with bronchial asthma parallel inhomogeneities influence the course of Dco. In emphysema the time couse of Dco is best explained with a faster intrapulmonary mixing of He compared to CO. This behavior indicates that in emphysema low Dco values can be mainly attributed to large diffusional resistances (stratification) within the lungs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[An experimental and clinical study of the effect of ketotifen in the treatment of extrinsic bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

The therapeutic value of ketotifen (Zaditen), a new anti-allergic drug, was studied in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma. a) In 8 persons the protective effect on bronchial provocation tests with allergen was examined 3 and 14 days after treatment and compared with cromoglycate (Intal); b) 19 patients were treated for 6 months with 2 x 1 milligram ketotifen (n = 7), 2 x 2 mg ketotifen (n = 7), 2 x 1 mg clemastine (Tavegil) (n = 5). The results were as follows: a) The amount of inhaled allergen causing a fall of 20% in FEV1.0/VC was 9-12 times larger with both therapeutic regimens. b) Ketotifen definitely improved the asthmatic symptoms as compared with clemastine. The improvement was independent of the dosage. Side-effects occurred more frequently with clemastine. The study confirms the in vitro demonstrated anti-analphylactic properties of ketotifen; that it can be taken by mouth is of particular clinical interest.

Asthma↗
PubMed1979

[The value of measurements of oscillatory resistance in the evaluation of lung function. A comparative study in adults and children (author's transl)].

Measurements of total oscillatory impedance (ROS) together with spirometric and body plethysmographic determinations were made in adults and children and the results were compared. In adults (n = 260) correlation was less close (r = 0.53) than it was in 88 children (r = 0.82). Even if ROS was of similar magnitude the phase shift between pressure and flow tended to be more negative than it was in children. These differences are presumably due to anatomical differences between the adult and the growing lung. In interpretation of the results it is suggested that the differences in the ratio: airways compliance/airways resistance reflect changes arising from age and disease processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Bohr effect induced by CO2 and fixed acid at various levels of O2 saturation in duck blood.

The Bohr factor, phi = delta log Po2/deltapH, was determined at various levels of hemoglobin O2 saturation (SO2) in fresh whole blood of the duck. Plasma pH was varied by either changing PCO2 of the blood at constant base excess (CO2 Bohr factor, phiCO2) or by addition of NaHCO3 and HCl at constant PCO2 (fixed acid BOHR factor, phiAH). No differences were found between phiCO2 and phiAH at SO2 levels between 20 and 85%, and there was no saturation dependence of the Bohr factor, its average value being -0.44. It is concluded that in whole blood of this bird species CO2 exerts no direct effect on the O2 affinity of hemoglobin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Blood flow distribution in the duck lung and its control by respiratory gases.

Blood flow to subunits of the lung was studied in the duck by use of radioactive microspheres. In spontaneously breathing, unanesthetized animals (series I) neopulmo was slightly better perfused than the average lung and along the paleopulmonic parabronchi, blood flow was found to decrease in the direction of ventilatory gas flow and thus of decreasing PO2 and increasing PCO2 in lung gas. The effects of respiratory gases on regional lung perfusion were investigated in unidirectionally ventilated animals (series II) in which gas mixtures offered to both lungs could be controlled independently. Local hypoxia resulted in reduction of local blood flow, whereas effects from hyperoxia or CO2 could not be substantiated. Reversal of the direction of unidirectional ventilatory flow (series III), and thus reversal of the profiles of respired gas concentrations along the parabronchi, suggest that the inhomogeneity in blood flow observed in spontaneously breathing animals of series I can only in part be explained as an acute adjustment to the local hypoxia. Calculations show that this inhomogeneity of blood flow constitutes an only minor impairment of the overall gas exchange efficacy of the parabronchial lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Oxygen affinity of duck blood determined by in vivo and in vitro technique.

Half saturation partial pressure of O2,P50, was determined in domestic Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) both by in vivo and in vitro techniques. For in vivo determination, blood samples were drawn from the anesthetized, artificially ventilated animals and analyzed both for O2 content, Co2, and O2 partial pressure, Po2. O2 capacity was detemined in arterial samples during hyperoxic ventilation (arterial Po2 about 180 torr). P50 was calculated from measurements in venous blood samples (O2 saturation near 50%). For in vitro determinations, Co2 was measured in blood samples equilibrated with Po2 close to P50. No significant difference was found between P50 values determined by both techniques. At 41 C and pH 7.50, P50 averaged 41.7 torr when analyzed by in vivo technique and 41.4 torr when determined in vitro. The variability between animals was less than 1 torr (SD) and could be explained by the experimental error. The partially discordant literature data on P50 of duck blood are reviewed and critically discussed.

Animals↗