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Biomedical subjects

J P Gusdon

Publications and source records attributed to J P Gusdon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma.

Twelve cases of retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in women have been reported in the literature. We report an additional case. The histogenesis of mucinous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas in the retroperitoneum is not clear, but that these lesions may arise from teratomas, ectopic supernumerary or accessory ovaries, or coelomic metaplasia has been suggested. It is possible that small clusters of coelomic epithelial cells could be deposited along the route of ovarian embryonic descent and, by proliferation or metaplastic differentiation, develop into these cystic tumors. The histogenesis of the rare histologically similar lesions that have been seen in men is even less clear.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunotherapeutic studies of different clonal lines of herpesvirus-induced fibrosarcoma in a syngeneic rat.

Transformation of White Buffalo rat embryonic cells by dye-light-inactivated herpesvirus type 2 resulted in the development of two clones of transformed cells (G2 and rat fibrosarcoma) with significantly different tumorigenic capabilities. The G2 cell line was initially nontumorigenic, while the rat fibrosarcoma line was very highly tumorigenic in rats. These significant differences in transformed cell clones from the same initial culture offered an opportunity to study aspects of the immunobiology of oncogenicity. The development of fibrosarcomas in immunoincompetent nude mice with the same early passages of the G2 cell line which were nontumorigenic in the immunocompetent rat suggested that immunologic resistance developed more effectively in the competent host against the G2 line than against rat fibrosarcoma cells. Syngeneic rats which were first exposed to the early passage nontumorigenic G2 cells were completely protected against tumor development by the rat fibrosarcoma cell lines. In subsequent in vitro passages of the G2 cell line, it lost its ability to protect against rat fibrosarcoma challenge and gradually became oncogenic in rats. Modification of antigenic exposure, accomplished by treating the G2 cells with cholesteryl hemisuccinate, resulted in an increase in the protection by these cells and a delay in tumor development.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in preeclampsia.

A study has been undertaken of levels of an endogenous substance which immunologically cross reacts with digoxin and may be the putative natriuretic hormone. The possibility that this substance may play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia has been studied by measuring the plasma concentrations in clinically healthy and preeclamptic pregnant patients. A significant difference (p less than 0.001) between these two groups has been found.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of advanced ovarian malignancy with chemoimmunotherapy using autologous tumor and Corynebacterium parvum.

Fourteen patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma were treated with a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The chemotherapy consisted of either melphalan or a combination of adriamycin, cytoxan, and cisplatin. The immunotherapy consisted of the injection of autologous radiation-attenuated tumor and Corynebacterium parvum. No significant toxicity occurred as a result of the immunotherapy, and there was no evidence of tumor growth at the sites of injection. The autologous tumor skin test showed prognostic value. Skin testing with C parvum was of less prognostic value than tumor. All other studies of immunologic status, including T- and B-cell enumeration and blastogenic responsiveness of the patients' lymphocytes to autologous tumor and mitogens, were of no prognostic value.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte cyclic AMP levels antepartum and postpartum as an indirect assessment of the immune system during pregnancy.

The literature dealing with the immunological state of the pregnant woman has been conflicting. The concentrations and activity of a number of hormones and proteins which modify lymphocytic activity have been measured both in vivo and in vitro during pregnancy. Most of the differences between reported studies can be reconciled to technical or experimental variations. In some instances, the purported suppressive effects of embryonic proteins such as HCG have actually been caused by the impurity of the preparation studied. We have attempted to approach the question of whether or not the pregnant woman is immunosuppressed by studying a regulatory material in the lymphocytes. It is known that cAMP is a mirror of lymphocytic activity and that low levels of cAMP may indicate a high degree of reactivity, while high levels are present when lymphocyte reactivity is low. In an initial study, ten women volunteered to have blood drawn in the last trimester and two months postpartum. Cyclic AMP was extracted from lymphocyte-enriched leukocytes and stored until all samples were available from all patients so that the analysis could be made simultaneously. Five samples were obtained from healthy nonpregnant women in the same age range. Postpartum and nonpregnant women were found to have significantly elevated levels of cAMP as compared to the lymphocytes obtained in the third trimester of pregnancy. The experiments were then repeated using seven more patients. The same significant increase in postpartum lymphocyte cAMP concentrations were found. The precise reason(s) for this is not known, but may be due to increased suppressor cell activity.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma with melphalan and levamisole: a pilot study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

Twenty-three patients with Stage III, Stage IV, or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with a combination of melphalan and levamisole to determine a tolerable dosage schedule, possible adverse effects, and a general estimate of response rate and duration. In seven patients with measurable disease there were four complete responses (57%) with a median duration of 75 weeks. Two of the complete responders have had negative second-look laparotomies while the other two patients have had subsequent progression. Of 16 patients with nonmeasurable disease two have had negative second-look laparotomies and two remain progression free. Thus 8 of 23 patients (35%) had complete responses or remain progression free whereas 4 of 23 patients (17%) have had negative second-look laparotomies. No serious toxicity was encountered. Immunologic monitoring did not indicate significant immunologic reconstitution in these immunosuppressed patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1981

Uterine and peripheral blood concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen.

One hypothesis is that two placental protein hormones (human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin) are effective immunosuppressive agents that prevents the rejection of a fetus because of their very high concentrations. In patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean sections at term, we measured the concentrations of these hormones in blood obtained simultaneously from draining ovarian veins and peripheral veins, and found no significant differences.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1981

The treatment of erythroblastosis with promethazine hydrochloride.

Seventy-two patients with Rh erythroblastosis were treated with promethazine hydrochloride (P-HCl) during a seven-year period. Compared to the pregnancy outcome of the immediately preceding pregnancies, we have found a significant decrease in perinatal mortality and exchange transfusions. No significant toxicity from P-HCl treatment has been noted, and none of these patients developed preeclampsia.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the shake test to predict respiratory distress syndrome.

An analysis of the relationship of amniotic fluid shake test titers and the subsequent fetal lung maturity as evinced by the development of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been conducted. Over a four-year period, 131 amniotic fluid samples were tested within 48 hours of delivery. RDS was diagnosed in 16 infants. When the shake test was positive at a 1:2 dilution, one child developed a mild case of RDS (2.3%). If the test was postivie at a 1:4 dilution, none developed RDS. RDS occurred in 15% of the cases with a positive test at a 1:1 dilution and in 30% of the cases with a negative test. This test has proved to be an excellent screening method for predicting fetal lung maturity if it is positive at 1:2 or greater. If the result is positive at a 1:1 dilution, or negative, other methods must be used for assessment. Its advantages are its rapidity, simplicity, and low cost.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Studies of lymphocyte populations in pre-eclampsia-eclampsia.

The possibility that the etiology of toxemia might be immunologic has been held for over 70 years. In the past decade, numerous studies have been instituted in attempts to verify the possible role of the immune system in this disease. The present study was undertaken as a probe to determine if a gross difference in the numbers of T and B cell lymphocyte populations might exist between pre-eclamptic and normally pregnant women. Twenty-five normally pregnant women in the third trimester were compared to 25 pre-eclamptic women, and significant differences were noted. If, indeed, there is an immunologic basis for pre-eclampsia, it is more subtle than the methodology used in this study is capable of detecting.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

A clinical evaluation of the "roll-over test" for pregnancy-induced hypertension.

A study of the capability of the roll-over test to predict pregnancy-induced hypertension was undertaken using our private patients. Sixty primigravid and 60 multigravid patients were studied between the twenty-eighth and thirty-second week of gestations. These patients were chosen at random by one of our two nurses who conducted all these studies. All results were recorded but were not available to the physicians. Eighteen months later, after all study patients had delivered, the hospital charts and the patients' office records were evaluated to determine if preganancy-induced hypertension had occurred. In primigravid patients a positive test accurately predicted the later development of pregnancy-induced hypertension only 50 per cent of the time while a negative test accurately predicted that it would not develop 93 per cent of the time. In multigravid patients, only 25 per cent of the patients who had positive tests later developed hypertension. The negative test in multigravid patients was accurate 94 per cent of the time.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1977

IgA activation.

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Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1976

The effect of active immunity against placental proteins on pregnancy in monkeys.

Squirrel monkeys were actively immunized against human placental lactogen (HPL) and/or an extract of human placental tissue, or squirrel monkey placenta. Only half of the monkeys immunized with HPL developed a detectable antibody titer to HPL prior to the subsequent mating season. During the subsequent breeding season, the pregnancy rate was cut in half. The titer developed against HPL did not seem to be related to their ability to become pregnant. When the group of animals which had previously been immunized with HPL were challenged with extracts of human placenta, all animals developed detectable circulating antibody. There was no increase in the effectiveness of this immunization as compared to HPL in pregnancy prevention, however. A third group of monkeys were immunized with extracts from their own placental extracts, and all developed some degree of antibody. The titer obtained did not seem to be related to whether or not they became pregnant. In this group, however, the pregnancy rate was decreased to one fourth of what it had been before immunization.

Animals↗