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Biomedical subjects

J P Delaney

Publications and source records attributed to J P Delaney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The influence of lumenal pH on the severity of acute radiation enteritis.

The severity of acute radiation injury to small bowel mucosa was studied as a function of lumenal pH at the time of irradiation. Rats were anaesthetized and 15 cm of mid small bowel was exteriorized with the rest of the animal and intestine shielded in a lead box. The target intestine was segmented into three portions, each of which was filled with Tris buffer, adjusted to pH 5, 7 and 9 respectively. Twenty minutes later the exteriorized bowel was given 1100 cGy X-irradiation. Rats were sacrificed 4, 5 and 6 days later and the intestine histologically assessed for injury. The indices of injury were surviving crypt numbers, mucosal height and mucus-containing goblet cells. To verify that pH was the critical variable an identical study was done employing three buffers chemically different from Tris: MES (pH 5.5), ADA (pH 7), and CAPSO (pH 9). These animals were sacrificed 5 days postirradiation. For all three parameters, and on each day postirradiation, the pH 9 segment showed less damage than did the segments with lumenal pH 7 or 5. We conclude that lumenal pH at the time of irradiation plays a significant role in the severity of acute mucosal injury. Alkaline pH is relatively protective.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal radioprotection by two new agents applied topically.

The purpose of this study was to test two novel antioxidant drugs, each capable of inhibiting membrane peroxidation and of free radical scavenging, as topical radioprotectants for the intestine. A loop of rat midintestine was exteriorized and radiated while the remainder of the animal was protected in a lead box. The intestine was first compartmentalized and each segment filled with a test solution. Radiated segments of intestine were compared, drug filled with vehicle filled, and both with normal unradiated intestine. The animals were killed 5 days after 1100 cGy radiation to the exteriorized loop. Crypt numbers and mucosal height were used as the measures of injury protection. On the basis of crypt numbers, the 21-amino steroid (U-74500A) gave approximately 40% and the vitamin E-like compound (U-78518F) gave 60% reduction in crypt loss. The authors conclude that lumenal antioxidant drugs can provide partial protection of the intestinal mucosa from acute radiation damage and that these two specific agents are effective and potentially useful.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Acute radiation enteritis in rats: bile salts and trypsin.

Surgically exteriorized rat intestine divided into segments containing saline solution, a bile salt binder, or a trypsin inhibitor were radiated (1100 cGy) and subsequently evaluated for histologic damage. Five days after radiation, crypt cell numbers, mucosal height, and mucous cell numbers were significantly greater in segments protected by the binding of bile salts or the absence of trypsin activity compared with saline-bathed mucosa. Thus both proteolytic enzymes and bile salts in the lumen contribute to the acute enteritis that follows a single dose of x-radiation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Gastrin cell populations after highly selective vagotomy in the dog.

Highly selective vagotomy was performed on five dogs. Postoperatively, gastrin cell (G cell) hyperplasia occurred in all dogs. Mean preoperative G cell numbers increased from 350 to 530/cm mucosal length (p less than 0.02). Antral tissue gastrin also increased by 100 per cent (6.7 x 10(6) to 13.7 x 10(6) pg/gm tissue, p less than 0.05). Basal and stimulated serum gastrin were unchanged following highly selective vagotomy. The cause for G cell hyperplasia is not clear, but is probably multifactorial.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Adrenal corticosteroids cause gastrin cell hyperplasia.

Chronic exogenous high dose adrenal cortical steroid administration to dogs resulted in a 137% increase in G-cell mass with an associated enhancement of peak serum gastrin levels. Adrenalectomy caused a halving of G-cell numbers without significant changes in serum gastrin levels. Adrenal cortical steroids appear to have an important trophic role for the G-cell.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

Nonsurgical treatment of splenic-artery aneurysms.

Splenic-artery aneurysms are commonly found incidentally during abdominal angiography. Because approximately 10% of these aneurysms may rupture and lead to fatal hemorrhage, surgical treatment is indicated. A new, nonsurgical approach is described in which the splenic-artery aneurysm is packed with foreign matter introduced through a catheter to induce thrombosis. The procedure can be carried out under local anesthesia and is the preferred technique in high-risk patients. As more experience is gained with this procedure, it can be performed on an elective basis under local anesthesia and the patients can be spared the disadvantages of laparotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Surgical management of Cushing's syndrome.

Twenty-seven operations for Cushing's syndrome were reviewed. Included were five cases of adenoma and 22 of adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Preoperative laboratory data, particularly the metyrapone test, were highly accurate in distinguishing adenoma from hyperplasia. Bilateral flank incisions are preferable to the transabdominal approach, with fewer complications, less postoperative ileus, and shorter hospital stays. The inability to inspect both glands simultaneously is of little consequence because biochemical testing data are sufficiently accurate to obviate the need for gross evaluation. The use of perioperative prophylaxis seems to be of importance for preventing thromboembolism in these hypercoagulable patients. The preoperative use of adrenal cortical blocking agents has not proved to yield significant advantages.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

The treatment of hemorrhagic gastritis with cimetidine.

Thirteen patients in whom bleeding from hemorrhagic gastritis was not controlled by a variety of therapeutic modalities were treated with cimetidine. Twelve of the 13 patients stopped bleeding. Three subsequently rebled, two of whom required an operation to control the bleeding. The average amount of blood transfused per patient before treatment with cimetidine was 16 units and after cimetidine, 1.6 units. Nine of the 13 patients died, but only one of them died of hemorrhage. The remaining eight patients died of a combination of sepsis and multiple organ failure. We observed no adverse side-effects after the administration of cimetidine. Cimetidine is a safe and reliable means to control bleeding from hemorrhagic gastritis. Once the diagnosis of hemorrhagic gastritis is established, treatment with cimetidine should be begun and continued until the underlying stress which initiated the bleeding is controlled.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1978

Quantitation of antral gastrin cell populations in the dog.

A method for enumerating G cells in dog antral mucosa by a fluorescent antibody technique was shown to be valid with respect to specificity and reproducibility. The state of intracellular gastrin storage does not influence G cell identification by this technique. To obtain values representative of the entire antrum, all G cells in long strips of antral mucosa must be counted. Results are best expressed as G cells per centimeter length of mucosa. Even with large mucosal samples there are considerable variations in G cell density within a single antrum. The "average" dog antrum contains about 35 million G cells. We observed as much as 2-fold range in G cell density from one dog to another. Each animal should, therefore, serve as its own control when influences on G cell populations are to be studied experimentally.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cimetidine and gastric blood flow.

The influence of cimetidine on blood flow to the gastric corpus and antrum of the dog was studied using the double isotope microsphere distribution technique. This H2 receptor antagonist caused no changes in blood flow to any portion of the stomach nor did it alter systemic circulatory parameters. The therapeutic effects of cimetidine in diffuse gastric mucosal bleeding depend on some factor other than microcirculatory changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Primary uterine tumors and multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type I.

Multiple endocrine adenomatosis, Type I was initially diagnosed in a 35-year-old woman with primary chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroids. Approximately 5 years later, vaginal bleeding developed and a well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma was recognized. An adenomatoid tumor of the uterus was discovered in addition to a nonfunctional islet cell tumor of the pancreas. Multiple endocrine adenomatosis is reviewed in relation to possible gynecologic neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Jaundice associated with polycystic liver disease. Relief by surgical decompression of the cysts.

Jaundice is an unusual feature of polycystic liver disease. In a 46-year-old woman with polycystic liver disease and jaundice, the bilirubin level was 42.0 mg/100 ml. Because of the rapid rise in bilirubin level, relief of supposed obstruction of intrahepatic bile ducts was attempted by unroofing the hepatic cysts. Following operation the bilirubin level returned to normal, and the patient has remained well since.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

Reflux gastritis: the consequences of intestinal juice in the stomach.

The consequences of exposure of the intact stomach to intestinal contents were examined in six dogs. Diversion of duodenal contents through the stomach lead to the following changes: histologic gastritis in both antrum and corpus, increase in resting and postprandial serum gastrin levels, increased parietal cell density in four of six animals, and enhanced maximal acid secretory capacity in three of six animals. No significant changes were seen in insulin-stimulated acid secretion, insulin-stimulated pepsin secretion, antral gastrin levels, or G cell numbers. We conclude that chronic exposure of the intact stomach to duodenal contents results in gastritis and an amplified gastrin response to food. Parietal cell numbers and maximal acid secretory capacity are increased in some animals.

Animals↗