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Biomedical subjects

J P Capron

Publications and source records attributed to J P Capron.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A in at the Amiens University Hospital].

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The epidemiology of viral hepatitis A has been evolved in the past few years, resulting in an increasing number of people without immunity to this virus. Health care workers are usually considered to be a group at risk of contamination by hepatitis A. A sero-epidemiologic study was performed in 525 members of the Pediatry, Gastroenterology, Internal medicine, Digestive radiology, kitchen and maintenance department staffs in the Amiens University Hospital. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of hepatitis A and to estimate the level of occupational hazard it represents in the hospital. RESULTS: Age, low education level, country of origin in an endemic region and more than 2 siblings or children were significantly associated with the presence of anti-HAV antibodies. The prevalence of 50% was similar to that observed in other hospitals, but lower than that found in the general population. Seroprevalence was not higher in departments exposed to stools (Pediatry, Digestive endoscopy and laboratories) than in others. A higher rate of seroprevalence was observed in kitchen and maintenance staffs than in medical, laboratory and Radiology staffs, in Internal medicine than in the Gastroenterology Department, and in the laboratory than in Radiology Department. These differences disappeared after adjustment for extraprofessional parameters which appeared to be most important for hepatitis A epidemiology. CONCLUSIONS: The hospital occupational hazard for hepatitis A virus did not seem higher than that observed in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Serum secretory IgA and secretory component in patients with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver diseases.

Elevated levels of secretory IgA in serum have been demonstrated in several liver dysfunctions such as hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis. However, these possible alterations at an early stage of liver diseases have not yet been investigated. We studied a cohort of chronic alcoholic patients without cirrhosis in order to assess the changes in serum secretory IgA and other forms of secretory component, the split product of the polymeric Ig-receptor of epithelial cells. The possible diagnostic value of these measurements in the assessment of alcoholic disease was compared to that of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Serum levels of secretory IgA and IgM and free secretory component, were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 71 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease without cirrhosis and in 45 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of the liver abnormalities. In addition, the reversibility of serum secretory IgA, IgM and free secretory component abnormalities after alcohol withdrawal was evaluated in 15 patients. Serum levels of the three molecular forms of secretory component were significantly higher than those measured in control subjects, both in the whole population of patients and in the two groups of alcoholic patients without cirrhosis. In all groups, serum secretory IgA levels were correlated to free secretory component but not to total IgA levels. Serum secretory IgA levels were as discriminative as gammaglutamyl transferase activity in distinguishing between chronic alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and non-alcoholic subjects. The abnormalities of serum secretory IgA concentrations were reversible after alcohol withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Fibrotic stricture of the extrapancreatic biliary tract: a new complication of acute pancreatitis. Two cases.

Two cases of fibrotic stricture of the extrapancreatic common bile duct were observed 3 and 5.5 months after severe acute alcoholic pancreatitis. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in both cases. Although colonic or ureteric stenosis have been reported after acute pancreatitis, this is the first report of extrapancreatic biliary stricture occurring after acute pancreatitis. The strictures could have arisen by either an enzymatic or ischemic mechanism. Outcome was favorable after surgical hepaticojejunostomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Endoscopic sclerotherapy of hemorrhagic esophageal varices. 86 cases].

OBJECTIVES: Haemorrhage due to rupture of oesophageal varices is a major cause of death in patients with cirrhosis. We evaluated retrospectively our results with endoscopic sclerosis in order to evaluate recurrence, compliance and long-term survival. METHODS: Endoscopic sclerosis was performed with a flexible endoscope in 86 patients from 1986 to 1989. Ninety-nine percent of the patients had cirrhosis; they were equally distributed in the 3 Child-Pugh classes. Sclerosis was performed once a week for three weeks then once every 3 weeks until eradication. Sessions was performed during an episode of haemorrhage in 17 patients and begun after bleeding had stopped in 69 others. Mean clinical follow-up was 24 +/- 14 months and mean endoscopic follow-up, 19 +/- 15 months. RESULTS: The mean number of sessions was 5.3 +/- 3.5 (range 1-17) per patient. Haemostasis was obtained in 4 out of 17 patients treated in emergency situations. Eradication was attained in 50 patients (58%). Recurrent varices were observed in 28 of these 50 and recurrent bleeding in 13, leading to 2 deaths. Global mortality over the period studied was 36%: 24 patients died before eradication, 7 after and 2 due to extra-hepatic causes. More than two-thirds of the deaths occurred during the first 2 months, mainly after recurrent bleeding. Global actuarial survival was 70% at 12 months, 62% at 24 months and 56% at 36 months. There was a significant difference in actuarial survival between Child-Pugh classes A and B patients and Child-Pugh class C patients. CONCLUSION: Our experience and the data in the literature indicate that sclerosis can be beneficial in patients with haemorrhagic oesophageal varices, but must be carried out within the framework of comprehensive care and follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Occult hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: value of ultrasound-guided biopsy of portal vein system thrombus.

We report two cases of occult hepatocellular carcinoma associated with alcoholic cirrhosis, in which the diagnosis of malignancy was respectively established by ultrasound-guided biopsy of umbilical vein and portal vein branch thrombus. When measurement of serum alpha-foetoprotein, and liver ultrasonography and/or computed tomography failed to clearly demonstrate hepatocellular carcinoma, the presence of a thrombosis of the portal vein system is highly suggestive of malignancy, which may be easily confirmed by venous biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Ultrasound study of gallbladder motility in healthy subjects. Reproducibility of the method and effect of alcohol].

The protective effect of alcohol against cholesterol cholelithiasis has been established in several epidemiologic studies. An impairment of gallbladder motility in gallstone disease has been demonstrated in animals and in man. At a daily dose of 39 g, alcohol reduces the lithogenic index of bile, but its effect on gallbladder motility is still debated. To test this potential mechanism, the effect of 20 g of alcohol on gallbladder motility was studied, using an ultrasonographic ellipsoid method in 16 healthy male subjects. The stimulus for gallbladder contraction was a Lundh test meal. Using a cross over method, this meal was ingested by each subject once with water and once with alcohol. A third set of measurements was taken in each subject after ingestion of a Lundh meal and water to test the reproducibility of the sonographic method. The gallbladder kinetics were studied for 90 minutes following ingestion of the test meal and beverage. Alcohol stimulated rapid post prandial gallbladder emptying, and accelerated gallbladder filling. This second action could result from sphincter of Oddi pressure enhancement and, perhaps, decrease of gallbladder absorption by Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition. The reproducibility of the method was good. With a decrease of lithogenic bile index, the protective effect of alcohol against biliary cholesterol cholelithiasis could be due either to stimulation of gallbladder emptying and/or acceleration of gallbladder filling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Multifactorial analysis of 84 cases].

To identify prognostic factors taking in account recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, 24 clinical, biological, and morphological factors were evaluated by means of uni- and multivariate analysis in 84 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed between 1984 and 1991. Okuda's grading (P < 0.01), creatininemia (P < 0.01), and treatment (P < 0.05) were independent prognostic factors. Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin reached a significant level (P < 0.05) in a subgroup of 32 recent patients but its prognostic value needs to be confirmed. Further prospective randomized trials comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment should take these factors into account.

Adult↗