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Biomedical subjects

J Ovadia

Publications and source records attributed to J Ovadia.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Postmenopausal intrauterine fluid collection: correlation between ultrasound and hysteroscopy.

Postmenopausal intrauterine fluid is an alarming sign related to malignancy. Twenty postmenopausal women with intrauterine fluid were prospectively studied by means of sonographic evaluation, and hysteroscopic and histological examinations, to determine the correlation between ultrasound and hysteroscopy. All patients underwent endovaginal sonography, followed by hysteroscopy. Biopsies were performed on all patients with abnormal endometrium, and randomly on selected patients with normal or atrophic endometrium. In patients with abnormal endometrial structure and thickness (< 4 mm), two cases of endometrial cancer were histologically detected and one was revealed by cytology (Pup smear). Seventeen patients with thin endometrium (<or= 4 mm) had no pathology. Sonographic, hysteroscopic and histological findings correlated well in all cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Ovarian tumors in women over 70.

OBJECTIVES: To discuss and evaluate the management of ovarian masses in women over 70. METHODS: The nature of adnexal masses and the outcome of surgical intervention in 38 women over 70 was reviewed. RESULTS: There were seven cases of malignant ovarian tumors in our series of 38 patients reviewed. The most frequent presenting sign was abdominal pain (11 cases). The presence of an adnexal mass was suspected on the basis of routine gynecologic examination in 8 cases, whereas by routine ultrasound scan in 30 patients. Postoperative complications were rare. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that in all postmenopausal women routine yearly pelvic examination and ultrasound scan is advisable. Furthermore, in view of our favorable results in recent years, we feel that surgical intervention is justified in all cases of adnexal tumors in the woman over 70.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the nature of a condition called transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) in pregnancy. METHOD: Fifty-three cases of this syndrome of unknown etiology have been reviewed and an additional case has been added. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: TOH is characterized by hip joint pain during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and signs of demineralization of the femoral head. The course is benign with recovery shortly after birth. No specific therapy is required except bed rest.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Poland anomaly after in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVES: To describe an extremely rare anomaly in an infant born after IVF-ET, and to assess its possible relationship to the artificial reproductive technology. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Infertility and IVF Unit, in a tertiary academic medical center. PATIENT: A 31-year-old healthy patient with a 9-year history of secondary, unexplained infertility. INTERVENTION: Standard IVF-ET treatment cycle, using GnRH-a (short protocol) and hMG for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. RESULTS: Poland anomaly (asymmetric thorax with absence of the right pectoralis major muscle, low set rudimentary right nipple, and very mild hypoplasia of the right upper limb) is described for the first time in an infant who is one of a trizygotic triplet after IVF treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the currently held hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of Poland anomaly, the possibility of a teratogen or an event related to the reproductive procedure as the cause of this anomaly seems unlikely.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Safety characteristics of the conically sculpted Nd:YAG laser fiber for operative laparoscopy.

The objective of this study was to define the effects and safety margins of available Nd:YAG laser fibers with flat and conically sculpted tips for operative laparoscopy. An in vitro agar base model was designed to define the effect of the conically sculpted fiber at distances of 5 and 10 mm beyond the fiber tip, and an in vivo rat model was used to assess similar effects in the contact mode, as well as at 1, 3, 5, and 10 mm beyond the tip. The beam divergence emitted through conically sculpted tips demonstrated significant reduction in power density at 3-5 mm beyond the tip, which is suggestive of minimal risk of undesired effects. Threshold energy levels required for thermal effects are lower for darker organs than for light-colored objects. The Nd:YAG laser cutting effect is satisfactory when the conically sculpted tips are in contact with soft tissue, and subjacent organs are relatively more protected when compared to the flat tips. The potential advantages of this tool over other laser and conventional accessories for operative laparoscopy has yet to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Non-traumatic rupture of kidney in pregnancy--case report and review.

During pregnancy, dilatation of the urinary collecting system is very common. Acute hydronephrosis is one of the most common causes of severe flank pain in pregnancy. Severe complications of hydronephrosis of pregnancy, such as pain, renal failure or a ruptured collecting system, occur very occasionally. A rare case of spontaneous rupture treated conservatively is presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Large loop transformation zone excision in premalignant cervical lesions].

Colposcopic expertise is necessary in cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to avoid conservative treatment of microinvasive and invasive lesions. Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) enables the pathologist to examine the entire tumor, and especially its margins. We describe this method and its indications, and review the results of our first 100 cases (mean age 28 years, range 19-46). Indications for LLETZ were biopsy findings of CIN III or of a large CIN II, a lesion entering the endocervical canal, and recurrent CIN after CO2-laser treatment. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia in 93 patients; complications were minimal (8 cases of bleeding requiring local tamponade). In 14% marginal involvement was found, but in only 4 was re-treatment necessary during follow-up of 12-33 months. Only 3 developed recurrent CIN, which was again treated by LLETZ. The cure rate of the initial treatment was 97%. This ablative, nondestructive method is easy to perform, requires only local anesthesia, has few, mild complications and gives an accurate histopathological result, including information on margins. The procedure is becoming the method of choice for treating high-grade and recurrent CIN.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch versus braided polyester tape for the repair of incompetent cervix.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to evaluate pregnant patients with cervical incompetence using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) patch versus the commonly used braided polyester tape, comparing the rate of local tissue reaction or onset of contractions, or both. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a prospective clinical trial on 20 patients divided into two groups. Patients having tissue reactions or contractions were identified and each material was analyzed using a new approach by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and roentgenogram diffraction studies. RESULTS: In the group of pregnant patients sutured with polyester tape there were four failures because of infection and contractions. There were no direct or indirect complications encountered in the ePTFE group. Bacteriologic evaluations of the failures revealed Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides species, and Trichomonas vaginalis in various combinations, in addition to crystal structure degradation and layers of phagocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a rationale for understanding the differences in morphologic integrity and the superiority of the ePTFE patch over the polyester tape using a new analytic approach of SEM and roentgenographic diffraction studies. Because of the small number of patients and because the procedure was performed in a select patient population, we recommend that further trials be undertaken with a larger number of patients in more advanced gestational age and in patients presenting with emergent cervical incompetence.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1994

Hyperemesis gravidarum. A review.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a common entity the cause of which has remained poorly defined. However, it probably is a classic example of the interplay between biologic, psychological and sociological variables. Current data on hyperemesis gravidarum and the pertinent literature for the last two decades are reviewed.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1994

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a relief for dysmenorrhea.

Sixty-one women who suffered from primary dysmenorrhea, were treated with Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for two menstrual cycles, and reported the effect of the treatment on their pain. Thirty percent of the patients reported marked pain relief, 60% reported moderate pain relief and 10% reported that TENS had no influence on their pain. No side effects were reported. We conclude that TENS is an effective and safe non-pharmacological means for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It could serve as a main treatment modality for women who suffer from primary dysmenorrhea and do not wish to or cannot use the conservative pharmacological agents. In addition TENS can serve as an adjuvant therapy to the conventional pharmacological agent in severe cases of primary dysmenorrhea.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

Cryopreservation of rat blastocysts: a comparative study of different cryoprotectants and freezing/thawing methods.

Cryopreservation has proved to be a highly successful method for long-term storage of viable embryos. The objective of this study on rat blastocysts was to define conditions for their cryopreservation. Three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, and propanediol/sucrose, were compared in two cooling programs (to -30 or -80 degrees C) and two thawing protocols. The cooling was followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. Programmed thawing was at the rate of 8 degrees C per minute; fast thawing consisted of direct exposure of the frozen embryos to the ambient laboratory temperature. The survival after the freeze/thaw was assessed from the post-thaw embryo morphology and ability to develop into apparently normal offspring in uteri of foster mothers (embryonic survival). The best method for preservation of rat blastocysts proved to be programmed cooling to -80 degrees C followed by fast thawing with glycerol as cryoprotectant (embryonic survival of 28.1%). In all the experimental groups, the proportion of embryos with good to excellent preservation of morphology was high. With dimethyl sulfoxide, after programmed cooling to -80 degrees C, embryonic survival was 9.9% (programmed thawing) and 17.5% (fast thawing). No embryos survived after programmed cooling to -30 degrees C. However, when the cryoprotectant was propanediol/sucrose, no difference was observed between programmed cooling to -80 degrees C with either method of thawing and programmed cooling to -30 degrees C and fast thawing (12.3, 6.2, and 8.0%, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The impact of D-Trp6 luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on carbohydrate metabolism.

BACKGROUND: The population exposed to repeated cycles of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment before in vitro fertilization is growing rapidly. Sex steroids have been shown to induce changes in carbohydrate metabolism. In view of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues on sex steroid levels, it seems of interest to investigate carbohydrate metabolism following treatment with these compounds. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess possible changes in glucose tolerance following administration of the long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone and analogue, D-Trp6 LH-RH. DESIGN: A 3-hr oral glucose tolerance test with 100 g glucose was performed on all patients, before and after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: No significant changes in either glucose tolerance or insulin levels following treatment with D-Trp6 LH-RH were demonstrated in the group of 25 women investigated. CONCLUSION: With respect to carbohydrate metabolism, D-Trp6 LH-RH may safely be administered to healthy women. Further studies are still required to assess the safety of this GnRH analogue when treating potentially diabetic and diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fetal 'fright-bradycardia' brought on by air-raid alarm in Israel.

Three cases of severe fetal bradycardia during labor following an air-raid alarm are described. After 2 min of severe bradycardia (less than 60 beats/min) the fetal heart rate (FHR) returned to a normal pattern. In all cases labor progressed uneventfully with an excellent fetal and maternal outcome. The cases are briefly described and possible causative mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dizygotic triplet pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization.

We present a case of dizygotic triplet pregnancy (mono-amniotic twins and a singleton) that, as far as we know, is the first reported one induced by artificial reproductive technology. It ended in the delivery of three healthy normal babies: two monozygotic twin boys and a girl. It appears that zygote splitting is significantly more common in patients treated with ovulation-inducing agents than in the general population. Also, in-vitro conditions of embryonic growth might influence the chances of multifetal gestation and the incidence of identical twinning. This may be due to changes in the physical properties of the zona pellucida and subsequent partial hatching of the pre-embryo. Evaluation of similar cases in the future may shed more light on the mechanism underlying their occurrence following in-vitro fertilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

"Hook effect" in complete hydatidiform molar pregnancy: a falsely low level of beta-HCG.

BACKGROUND: In some cases of gestational trophoblastic disease, a large amount of serum beta-hCG may lead to the high-dose "hook effect" with falsely low serum levels, creating misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis and therapeutic hazards to the patient. CASES: In two cases of the hook effect in complete hydatidiform mole, ultrasonographic scan showed intrauterine echogenic material, whereas diluted serum specimens gave very high levels of beta-hCG (1,600,000 and 2,225,000 mIU/mL). CONCLUSION: The possibility of a method-dependent hook effect must be considered. Early recognition of falsely low values of beta-hCG can allow correction to the true values by various methods, such as serum dilution before the radioimmunometric method.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate release in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on platelet function in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In 51 postmenopausal women, platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release were studied before and after estrogen and progestogen treatment and compared with that in untreated patients. An incubation study evaluated platelet function after incubation with estrogen and progestogen. RESULTS: Significant decreases in adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation (P < .01) and ATP release (P < .02) were observed 3 months after initiation of estrogen replacement. Patients receiving replacement regimens consisting of estrogen opposed by progestogen or progestogen alone showed nonsignificant changes in platelet aggregation and release. The most pronounced decrease in platelet function in the incubation assay was detected after incubation with estrogen plus progestogen. Results were similar in the spontaneous- and surgical-menopause patients. CONCLUSION: Estrogen replacement therapy may inhibit the atherosclerotic process by suppressing platelet function.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗