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J Ott

Publications and source records attributed to J Ott.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A microsatellite genetic linkage map of human chromosome 18.

We isolated nine new microsatellite markers from chromosome 18 and further characterized and mapped eight microsatellites developed in other laboratories. We have constructed a framework linkage map of chromosome 18 that includes 14 microsatellite markers (12 dinucleotide and 2 tetranucleotide) and 2 RFLP markers. Cytogenetic localization for the microsatellites was performed by PCR amplification of 18 somatic cell hybrids containing different deletions of chromosome 18. Twelve of the microsatellites and one of the RFLPs have heterozygosites greater than 70%. The average heterozygosity of the markers included in the map is 72%. In addition, we have made provisional placements of 3 more microsatellite markers and 2 more RFLP markers. The map lengths (in Kosambi centimorgans) are as follows: sex-averaged, 109.3 cM; male, 72.4 cM; female, 161.2 cM. The average distance between markers in the sex-averaged map is 7.3 cM, and the largest gap between markers is 16.7 cM. Analysis of the data for differences in the female:male map distance ratio revealed significant evidence for a constant difference in the ratio (chi 2 = 32.25; df = 1; P < 0.001; ratio = 2.5:1). Furthermore, there was significant evidence in favor of a variable female:male map distance ratio across the chromosome compared to a constant distance ratio (chi 2 = 27.78; df = 14; P = 0.015). To facilitate their use in genomic screening for disease genes, all of the microsatellite markers used here can be amplified under standard PCR conditions, and most can be used in duplex PCR reactions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

A microsatellite genetic linkage map of human chromosome 13.

We have characterized 21 polymorphic (CA)n microsatellites for the development of a genetic map of chromosome 13. Fifteen markers were isolated from a flow-sorted chromosome 13 library, four CA repeats were derived from NotI-containing cosmid clones, and two polymorphic markers were described previously (J. L. Weber, A. E. Kwitek, and P. E. May, 1990, Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 4638; L. Warnich, I. Groenwald, L. Laubscher, and A. E. Retief, 1991, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49(Suppl.): 372 (Abstract)). Regional localization for all of the markers was performed by amplification of DNA from five somatic cell hybrids containing different deletions of chromosome 13. Genetic markers were shown to be distributed throughout 6 of the 11 resolvable chromosomal subregions. Using data from nine families provided by the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), a framework map of 12 of these 21 markers was developed. Six of the 12 markers form three pairs, with each two members of a pair being tightly linked, such that nine systems of markers can be distinguished. The average heterozygosity of these 12 markers is 0.75. The total length of the sex-averaged map is 65.4 cM (Kosambi), with an average distance of 8.2 cM between systems of markers (eight intervals). Seven remaining markers were placed provisionally into the framework map.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Refined assignment of the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL, CLN1) locus at 1p32: incorporation of linkage disequilibrium in multipoint analysis.

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, INCL, CLN1, is an autosomally inherited progressive neurogenerative disorder. The disease results in the massive death of cortical neurons, suggesting an essential role for the CLN1 gene product in the normal neuronal maturation during the first years of life. Identification of new multiallelic markers has now made possible the construction of a refined genetic map encompassing the CLN1 locus at 1p32. Strong allelic association was detected with a new, highly polymorphic HY-TM1 marker. We incorporated this observed linkage disequilibrium into multipoint linkage analysis, which significantly increased the informativeness of the limited family material and facilitated refined assignment of the CLN1 locus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Molecular analysis and genetic mapping of the rhodopsin gene in families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

Eighty-eight patients/families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were screened for rhodopsin mutations. Direct sequencing revealed 13 different mutations in a total of 14 (i.e., 16%) unrelated patients. Five of these mutations (T4K, Q28H, R135G, F220C, and C222R) have not been reported so far. In addition, multipoint linkage analysis was performed on two large families with autosomal dominant RP due to rhodopsin mutations by using five DNA probes from 3q21-q24. No tight linkage was found between the rhodopsin locus (RHO) and D3S47 (theta max = 0.08). By six-point analysis, RHO was localized in the region between D3S21 and D3S47, with a maximum lod score of 13.447 directly at D3S20.

Australia↗
PubMed1993

Mutation and polymorphism of the prion protein gene in Libyan Jews with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

The inherited prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders which are not only genetic but also transmissible. More than a dozen mutations in the prion protein gene that result in nonconservative amino acid substitutions segregate with the inherited prion diseases including familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In Israel, the incidence of CJD is about 1 case/10(4) Libyan Jews. A Lys200 substitution segregates with CJD and is reported here to be genetically linked to CJD with a lod score of > 4.8. Some healthy elderly Lys200 carriers > age 65 years were identified, suggesting the possibility of incomplete penetrance. In contrast, no linkage was found between the development of familial CJD and a polymorphism encoding either Met129 or Val129. All Libyan Jewish CJD patients with the Lys200 mutation encode a Met129 on the mutant allele. Homozygosity for Met129 did not correlate with age at disease onset or the duration of illness. The frequency of the Met129 allele was higher in the affected pedigrees than in a control population of Libyan Jews. The frequency of the Met129 and Val129 alleles in the control Libyan population was similar to that found in the general Caucasian population. The identification of three Libyan Jews homozygous for the Lys200 mutation suggests frequent intrafamilial marriages, a custom documented by genealogical investigations.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1993

Two-trait-locus linkage analysis: a powerful strategy for mapping complex genetic traits.

Recent advances in molecular biology have provided geneticists with ever-increasing numbers of highly polymorphic genetic markers that have made possible linkage mapping of loci responsible for many human diseases. However, nearly all diseases mapped to date follow clear Mendelian, single-locus segregation patterns. In contrast, many common familial diseases such as diabetes, psoriasis, several forms of cancer, and schizophrenia are familial and appear to have a genetic component but do not exhibit simple Mendelian transmission. More complex models are required to explain the genetics of these important diseases. In this paper, we explore two-trait-locus, two-marker-locus linkage analysis in which two trait loci are mapped simultaneously to separate genetic markers. We compare the utility of this approach to standard one-trait-locus, one-marker-locus linkage analysis with and without allowance for heterogeneity. We also compare the utility of the two-trait-locus, two-marker-locus analysis to two-trait-locus, one-marker-locus linkage analysis. For common diseases, pedigrees are often bilineal, with disease genes entering via two or more unrelated pedigree members. Since such pedigrees often are avoided in linkage studies, we also investigate the relative information content of unilineal and bilineal pedigrees. For the dominant-or-recessive and threshold models that we consider, we find that two-trait-locus, two-marker-locus linkage analysis can provide substantially more linkage information, as measured by expected maximum lod score, than standard one-trait-locus, one-marker-locus methods, even allowing for heterogeneity, while, for a dominant-or-dominant generating model, one-locus models that allow for heterogeneity extract essentially as much information as the two-trait-locus methods. For these three models, we also find that bilineal pedigrees provide sufficient linkage information to warrant their inclusion in such studies. We also discuss strategies for assessing the significance of the two linkages assumed in two-trait-locus, two-marker-locus models.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1993

Molecular and statistical approaches to the detection and correction of errors in genotype databases.

Errors in genotyping data have been shown to have a significant effect on the estimation of recombination fractions in high-resolution genetic maps. Previous estimates of errors in existing databases have been limited to the analysis of relatively few markers and have suggested rates in the range 0.5%-1.5%. The present study capitalizes on the fact that within the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) collection of reference families, 21 individuals are members of more than one family, with separate DNA samples provided by CEPH for each appearance of these individuals. By comparing the genotypes of these individuals in each of the families in which they occur, an estimated error rate of 1.4% was calculated for all loci in the version 4.0 CEPH database. Removing those individuals who were clearly identified by CEPH as appearing in more than one family resulted in a 3.0% error rate for the remaining samples, suggesting that some error checking of the identified repeated individuals may occur prior to data submission. An error rate of 3.0% for version 4.0 data was also obtained for four chromosome 5 markers that were retyped through the entire CEPH collection. The effects of these errors on a multipoint map were significant, with a total sex-averaged length of 36.09 cM with the errors, and 19.47 cM with the errors corrected. Several statistical approaches to detect and allow for errors during linkage analysis are presented. One method, which identified families containing possible errors on the basis of the impact on the maximum lod score, showed particular promise, especially when combined with the limited retyping of the identified families. The impact of the demonstrated error rate in an established genotype database on high-resolution mapping is significant, raising the question of the overall value of incorporating such existing data into new genetic maps.

Bias↗
PubMed1992

Adrenoleukodystrophy: phenotypic variability and implications for therapy.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a relatively common disorder that shows a great deal of phenotypic variability. Approximately half of the patients have the rapidly progressive childhood cerebral form that is associated with an inflammatory response in brain and leads to total disability or death during the first decade. Twenty five per cent or more of the patients have adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), a form that progresses slowly, involves the spinal cord mainly, shows little or no inflammatory response, manifests in adulthood, and is compatible with a near-normal life span. The two forms of the disease occur frequently within the same kindreds and nuclear families. Segregation analysis based on 3862 individuals in 89 kindreds points to the existence of an autosomal modifier locus with a likelihood ratio of 20:1. In addition, we present preliminary results of three types of therapy. Two hundred and four patients have received a dietary regimen that combines the administration of oils containing mono-unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and erucic) with the restricted intake of very long-chain fatty acids. This regimen normalizes the levels of satured very long-chain fatty acids in plasma within 4 weeks. It appears to improve peripheral nerve function in patients with AMN, and a large-scale trial is in progress to determine whether it can prevent the onset of neurological involvement in patients who have the biochemical abnormality of ALD but are neurologically intact. We report early results of bone marrow transplantation in 14 patients. There is encouraging but still preliminary evidence that transplantation can arrest the progression of the disease in patients with mild neurological involvement. There is urgent need to develop methods to combat the rapid progression of the cerebral forms of the disease, which so far has resisted therapeutic intervention, including immunosuppression or the administration of immunoglobulin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

On the relative importance of marker heterozygosity and intermarker distance in gene mapping.

Molecular biologists are often confronted with the problem of whether they should try to generate large numbers of very closely linked markers of low heterozygosity or smaller numbers of less closely linked markers of high heterozygosity. In other words, What is more important for gene mapping, high marker heterozygosity or dense marker spacing? We investigated that problem by analytically computing the expected lod score per meiosis in which the new locus is informative and phase known. We also looked at the length of the 1-unit-of-lod-score support interval for the expected lod score from 100 such meioses. We found that while both quantities have an influence on the number of meioses needed to find linkage, the length of the support interval is almost entirely dependent on the intermarker distance, for heterozygosities between 20 and 100%. However, the probability of any given meiosis being phase known and the ability to develop an accurate map of the markers are functions of marker heterozygosity, further complicating the issue.

Genetic Markers↗
PubMed1992

Fine-mapping of the spinal muscular atrophy locus to a region flanked by MAP1B and D5S6.

The microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) locus has been mapped in close proximity to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) on chromosome 5q13. We have identified a second microsatellite within a MAP1B intron, which increases the heterozygosity of this locus to 94%. Two unambiguous recombination events establish MAP1B as a closely linked, distal flanking marker for the disease locus, while a third recombinant establishes D5S6 as the proximal flanking marker. The combination of key recombinants and linkage analysis place the SMA gene in an approximately 2-cM interval between loci D5S6 and MAP1B. Physical mapping and cloning locate MAP1B within 250 kb of locus D5S112. The identification and characterization of a highly polymorphic gene locus tightly linked to SMA will facilitate isolation of the disease gene, evaluation of heterogeneity, and development of a prenatal test for SMA.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Linkage analysis of spinal muscular atrophy.

Linkage data between four markers on chromosome 5 confirm and extend our previous studies that localized the mutation in spinal muscular atrophy to 5q11.2-q13.3. Localization of D5S6 by in situ hybridization refines the mapping of the defective gene to the region 5q12.2-q13. We also report the use of a highly informative PCR-based polymorphism with five alleles. This RFLP will be particularly useful for prenatal diagnosis where only old tissue samples from affected individuals are available. The high heterozygosity of this locus should also assist in identifying recombinants that will refine the genetic mapping of the mutation.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1992

Lack of association between the apolipoprotein B gene 3' hypervariable region alleles and coronary artery disease in Finnish patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease.

Previous studies have suggested that some apolipoprotein B (apoB) 3' variable number of tandem repeats (3'VNTR) locus alleles are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the possible association between the apoB 3'VNTR alleles and CAD in 387 Finnish subjects. Using the polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the 3'VNTR genotype was determined in 187 individuals with severe CAD confirmed by coronary angiography (patients), in 121 individuals with normal coronary angiograms (controls), and in 79 apparently healthy subjects (normals). In contrast to previous reports from other populations, the larger apoB 3'VNTR alleles were not significantly more frequent among CAD patients than among controls or normals. In addition, there was no significant association between the 3'VNTR alleles and serum lipid levels in this Finnish population.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

A haplotype-based 'haplotype relative risk' approach to detecting allelic associations.

A novel variation of the Haplotype Relative Risk (HRR) of Rubinstein et al. [Hum Immunol 1981;3:384] is proposed, in order to glean increased information about linkage disequilibrium or allelic associations by analyzing haplotype-based data rather than genotypic data. It is shown that statistical tests based on our design give much higher power than those based on the original HRR approach. Several additional nonparametric tests based on the same data are analyzed, and power is computed for each of them. Further, parametric likelihood methods are applied to testing linkage equilibrium, and estimating delta, the coefficient of linkage disequilibrium, from the same data.

Genetic Linkage↗