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Biomedical subjects

J Orfila

Publications and source records attributed to J Orfila.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of endocarditis secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis. A 41 year-old man, bitten by a rat, is hospitalized 5 weeks later for an endocarditis demonstrated by echocardiography, with massive aortic escape and hemodynamic failure requiring emergency valve replacement: after a favorable course, the patient dies suddenly 4 months later. A 63 year-old woman is admitted for a septicemic syndrome with sterno-clavicular arthritis which occurred 10 days after a rat bite; followed by a transient ischemic cerebral vascular accident; echocardiogram shows a clubshaped bulge of the distal end of the large mitral valve; the course is uneventful under antibiotherapy. In both cases, blood cultures isolate a Streptobacillus moniliformis. Infections secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis are rare; this Gram negative bacillus, saprophyte of the rat's rhinopharynx, is transmitted to man, most of the time, by bite, and this causes a septicemia, the evolution of which is usually favorable. Complications, especially endocarditis, are exceptionally rare: only 12 cases are found in the world's literature. The evolution is always fatal in the absence of treatment which must include the association penicillin-aminoside. Prophylaxis of this disease is provided by penicillin antibiotherapy which should be systematic after a rodent's bite.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using three different antigen preparations for detection of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis.

The ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was evaluated in 100 sera using three different antigen preparations as substrates (sonicated organisms, Triton X solubilized antigen and SDS solubilized antigen). The results were compared to those obtained by a standard microimmunofluorescence assay. The results obtained by the three ELISA techniques and the microimmunofluorescence method were in relatively good agreement (76%); some discrepant results were observed in sera with a low antibody titer. There was good agreement of results obtained by the three ELISA techniques (84%). The microimmunofluorescence method showed the greatest sensitivity. Assuming the microimmunofluorescence method accurately demonstrates antibodies, the ELISA using Triton X solubilized antigen showed the highest degree of specificity (97%), and the ELISA with sonicated organisms the greatest sensitivity (82%) and accuracy (86%).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Establishment of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia psittaci.

Eleven stable anti-Chlamydia hybrid clones by fusions between X63-Ag8653 myelomas and immune splenocytes from Chlamydia psittaci immunized F1 (C57BL6 X BALB/c) mice have been established which react with the 12 reference Chlamydia strains (seven C. trachomatis and five C. psittaci. Ten of these monoclonal antibodies are directed against the genera-specific epitope (40,000 MW component) for which prolonged immunization seems to be responsible.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Our experience in the serodetection of Chlamydia infections in tubal pathology].

Chlamydia appears to be an increasingly frequent cause of salpingitis and its complications (sterility, extra-uterine pregnancy). The difficulty of isolating Chlamydia in cell cultures has led us to study the value of serology in the form of immunofluorescence and ELISA. This study is based on 475 cases (206 controls and 269 women with tubal disease). Although it is difficult to interpret an isolated IgG level, the results nevertheless confirmed the value of serodetection: especially the comparison between the control group (18.44% positive) and the pathological group (62.08% positive) and the effectiveness obtained when cases of tubal sterility were treated with appropriate antibiotics, alone or in combination with surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[The biological diagnosis of Chlamydia infections].

Chlamydia infections are becoming more and more common. The diagnosis can be confirmed in the laboratory by direct demonstration of the inclusion or by Giemsa'a technique, which is long and associated with false positive results. Much better is the technique of immunofluorescence which has been made specific and precise by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Cell culture has the advantage of being able to identify the strain, but it is long and expensive. Measuring antibody titres by immunofluorescence or by the ELISA technique can be performed in all laboratories. It is very valuable in the diagnosis of upper gynecological infections, such as salpingitis and sterility and in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

[Action of pristinamycin on Chlamydia].

In vitro study on C. psittaci and C. trachomatis demonstrates that pristinamycin is active in a very small dose. With 5 g/l, inclusions are rare. To study pristinamycin activity in vivo, we used mice infected IP with C. psittaci. Mortality in the control group was 70%. Three groups of mice received 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg pristinamycin respectively. The antibiotic was active in the 100 mg/kg dosage which is the therapeutic dosage. Due to its action on Gonococcus, it would be of interest to study pristinamycin in patients with sexually transmitted disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a soluble antigen prepared from the D strain of Chlamydia trachomatis was used for titration of IgG antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in 153 sera from 126 patients with non-specific genital infection and from 27 healthy subjects. The results were compared to those obtained with the micro-immunofluorescence method and were in complete agreement in 143 of the 153 sera. The ELISA proved to be reproducible and as sensitive as the micro-immunofluorescence method.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

[Treatment of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis. Comparison between continuous lavage with a machine and intermittent lavage with 4 CAPD bags/day].

Since 1978, 54 episodes of PT occurred in patients treated by PD, first 26 PT (group A) were treated by CLM (40 l/day) and in situ antibiotics (AB): in the absence of Candida, the association of sulfamethoxazol (SMZ: 80 mg/l) and trimethoprime (TMP: 16 mg/l) was used. Only when a Candida was present amphotericine B (AMB: 5 mg/l) was used. CLM was continued until PT was cured. The last 29 PT (group B) were treated by 4 bags/day of CAPD with in situ AB: SMZ: 200 mg/l and TMP 40 mg/l and a systematic oral prophylaxis of Candida was performed by AMB 1,5 g/day. In group A, 5 patients died and 2 others in group B. Complications were more frequent in group A (14) than in group B (6): p less than 0.02. In group A, the AB was changed in 7 cases because of initial resistance (1) or bacterial superinfection (2) or Candida superinfection (4). In group B, AB was changed in 9 cases because of initial resistance (7) or Candida superinfection (2). In conclusion the treatment of PT by 4 bags per day with in situ AB cure PT as rapidly as CLM in spite of lower doses of SMZ - TMP. However, this method is easier to perform and give less complication than CLM. It must be the treatment of choice of PT from peritoneal dialysis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ].

UNLABELLED: Thirty patients were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis during 313 patients months. 26 episodes of peritonitis defined by a cloudy dialysate with more than 100 cells/mm1 and more than 50 p. cent of polynuclear were observed. The organisms initially responsible were Gram-positive in 11 cases (6 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Staphylococcus albus, 4 Streptococcus viridans), a gram negative in 3 cases (1 Klebsiella, 1 serratio, one unidentified), a Candida in 2 cases. In 10 cases, the culture was negative, Initial treatment was peritoneal lavage (40 l/day) with in situ antibiotics: in the absence of Candida, the association sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) (80 mg/l) and trimethoprim (TMP) (16 mg/l) was used; when Candida was present amphotericin B (5 mg/l) was used. The association SMZ + TMP led to cure of PT in 17 cases, in 7 +/- 4 days. In 5 cases, this initial treatment was changed at the 48th hour because of initial resistance in one case or secondary resistance of Candida surinfection (2 cases). Candida surinfection occurred later in 2 other cases. For these 6 primary or secondary Candida peritonitis, the catheter was changed within 48 hours. Nevertheless, death occurred in 3 cases and cure was obtained after 51 +/- 11 days in the 3 other cases. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The initial treatment by SMZ + TMP appears quite effective in most cases (73%). 2) The severity and the high incidence of Candida surinfection suggest that its systematic prophylaxis may be appropriate.

Adult↗