Biomedical subjects
J Ono
Publications and source records attributed to J Ono.
[Management of chronic diseases and clinical judgment of cure--chronic glomerulonephritis].
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[Case of ophthalmic toxoplasmosis with meningitis-like syndrome].
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[Standard of prognostic judgments of chronic glomerulonephritis--urinary findings and blood pressure].
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Evaluation of myelination by means of the T2 value on magnetic resonance imaging.
The progress of myelination in the cerebrum was evaluated by visual inspection, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and the transverse relaxation time (T2) was calculated from double echo images. Twenty-three pediatric cases, who did not show intracranial organic changes on MR examination, were included. The T2 values in the corpus callosum (CC), frontal deep white matter (FWM), occipital deep white matter (OWM) and centrum semiovale (CS) were calculated, and the changes in these values with age were followed. During the first year of life, a rapid decrease in the T2 value was seen, followed by a more gradual decrease. The T2 value seemed to reach the adult level between 2 and 3 years of life in all areas examined. The T2 values between 2 and 16 years in CC, FWM, OWM and CS were 59.7 +/- 3.6, 64.5 +/- 5.2, 69.8 +/- 4.8 and 66.3 +/- 3.3 ms (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. The T2 values in patients with clinically diagnosed Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) and late onset Krabbe disease were also calculated. In PMD, non-progressive prolongation of the T2 value was observed in all areas. In late onset Krabbe disease, on the other hand, progressive prolongation of the T2 values was mainly demonstrated in OWM and the posterior part of CS. These results suggest that the T2 value in the cerebral white matter allows more objective judgement than visual inspection, and makes it possible to clarify the mechanism underlying abnormal myelination, i.e. progressive or not.
MR diffusion imaging in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease.
A case of classical type Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease was reported. This patient exhibited marked motor and mental developmental delay, and nystagmus, with a positive familial history. Electrophysiological studies, such as on brainstem auditory evoked potentials, blink reflex and somatosensory evoked potentials, suggested marked disturbance of nerve conduction in CNS. T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed non-progressive diffuse T2 prolongation of cerebral white matter after a 2-year interval, indicating congenital hypomyelination in CNS. A newly developed magnetic resonance diffusion imaging method demonstrated the existence of diffusional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, and white matter of the frontal lobe. Although the diffusional anisotropy was considered to depend on the well-developed multiple layers of myelin around the axons, the imaging data of this patient demonstrated that the diffusional anisotropy did not necessarily depend on those multiple layers. These results may indicate the potential usefulness of MR diffusion imaging, combined with electrophysiological studies and conventional MR imaging, for analyzing the lesions of the cerebral white matter.
Aicardi syndrome associated with an embryonal carcinoma.
A Japanese girl is reported who had the typical clinical features of Aicardi syndrome associated with embryonal carcinoma. She developed infantile spasms at approximately 4 weeks of age; her seizures were intractable in spite of treatment with numerous antiepileptic drugs and ACTH. At 22 months of age, her left cheek gradually became swollen. Laboratory findings were normal except for a marked increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein. A transoral biopsy of the tumor revealed an embryonal carcinoma. This patient is the first reported with Aicardi syndrome and embryonal carcinoma. The relationship between congenital malformations and neoplasms is discussed.
Loss of sulfated carbohydrate from the glomerular podocyte as a cause of albuminuria in experimental diabetic rats: ultrastructural histochemical study.
Decrease of anionic sites and heparan sulfate proteoglycan has been demonstrated in diabetic glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and causally related to albuminuria. The HID-TCH-SP-PD technique is a sensitive histochemical method for negatively charged sulfated carbohydrates. In this study, we examined the localization of HID-TCH-SP-PD reaction in the glomeruli of diabetic and control rats. In both rats, the reaction was found in association with the surface of podocytes and with GBM. In diabetic rats, the former-associated reaction was markedly reduced. By contrast, the latter-associated reaction did not show any differences between both animal groups. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) increased significantly in alloxanized rats. It is suggested that a decrease of podocyte-associated sulfated carbohydrates, the primary observed change, gives rise to albuminuria in alloxan diabetic rats.
Manganese deposition in the brain during long-term total parenteral nutrition.
BACKGROUND: Manganese deposition was suspected in a pediatric patient who received long-term total parenteral nutrition. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images revealed high intensity areas in the globus pallidus. This study was designed to clarify if these abnormal findings were related to manganese deposition and clinical neurological manifestations. METHODS: Whole-blood manganese concentrations were measured during manganese supplementation to total parenteral nutrition and after 5 months without manganese. Magnetic resonance images were also examined on each occasion and compared with the blood level of manganese. RESULTS: The whole-blood manganese level during supplementation was 135 micrograms/L (normal range 14.6 +/- 4.7 micrograms/L), whereas the level was 20 micrograms/L after a manganese-free period of 5 months. Accompanied with normalization of manganese level, abnormal high intensity lesions in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images also disappeared. No neurological manifestation related to the high manganese level was recognized. CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that the high manganese level was elicited by manganese supplementation to total parenteral nutrition. This high manganese condition was confirmed by the measurement of whole-blood manganese level, which was associated with the abnormal high intensity lesions on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images.
Cholinergic influence of K(+)-evoked release of endogenous histamine from rat hypothalamic slices in vitro.
The effects of cholinergic agents on the K(+)-evoked release of endogenous histamine from hypothalamic slices of rats were examined by a superfusion method in vitro. Acetylcholine and carbamylcholine significantly inhibited K(+)-evoked release of histamine from the slices, and the effect of acetylcholine was antagonized by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. On the other hand, nicotine significantly enhanced the K(+)-evoked release and its effect was antagonized by the nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium. The effects of carbamylcholine and nicotine on histamine release from slices of whole hypothalamus and from slices of the anterior hypothalamic region, which do not contain cell bodies of the histaminergic neurons, were the same. Thus, the K(+)-evoked release of endogenous histamine from histaminergic fibers in the hypothalamic slices was inhibited by muscarinic agents and enhanced by nicotinic agents. These results suggest that muscarinic and nicotinic receptors exert antagonistic effects on the release of hypothalamic histamine from in vitro slice preparations. The cholinergic receptors modulating histamine release might be located presynaptically on the histaminergic terminals.
Electrocorticographical observation of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection in rats.
The various seizure responses observed behaviorally in freely moving rats after repeated pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injections were compared with simultaneous electrocorticographical (ECoG) recordings. Seizures induced were divided into 7 behavioral categories (grade 0-6): grade 0, no behavioral seizures; grade 1, head nodding, head twitching; grade 2, myoclonic jerks; grade 3, head twisting, forelimb clonic convulsions; grade 4, kangaroo position; grade 5, falling down; grade 6, tonic convulsions. Specific behavioral seizure types were always associated with identifiable ECoG patterns. All rats which exhibited higher than grade 3 seizures developed decrease in spontaneous movements and decreased amplitude in ECoG activity after the end of their behavioral seizures, which suggests the existence of post-ictal inhibition. Both myoclonic jerks (grade 2) and tonic convulsions (grade 6) are important features of these seizure types which are not seen in electrical amygdaloid seizure models. This seizure classification will be useful for further rat PTZ seizure studies.
Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein.
A case of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is presented. The diagnosis was reached using histopathological techniques. AFP was positive in the tumor specimen, immunohistochemically. Serum AFP had fallen temporarily after surgery and chemotherapy. The patient survived 6.5 months after the onset of symptoms.
Third Louis H. Clerf Lecture: Legacies of Jefferson men to Japanese medicine.
The legacies of Jefferson men to Japanese medicine are portrayed in early and recent contacts: 1) Japanese physicians attended the Gross Clinic in 1860. The significant fact is that this was the very first visit made in over 240 years during which time Japan had been in self-imposed seclusion from foreign countries. 2) Dr. John C. Berry, a Jefferson alumnus, came to Japan in 1872 and served as a doctor, teacher, prison reformer, and founder of a hospital and a training school for nurses. He dedicated himself for 22 years to the service of religious and humanitarian fields in Japan. 3) A group of 104 Jeffersonians visited Japan in 1975, and programs of medical seminars, visits to hospitals and institutions were featured. 4) The influence of Drs. Chevalier Jackson and Louis H. Clerf contributed greatly toward development and growth of bronchoesophagology in Japan. A gratifying fact is that bronchoesophagology was legally sanctioned as a full-fledged specialty in 1953.
Lack of tolerance to anticonvulsant effects of clonazepam in a rat pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced kindled seizure model.
The development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of clonazepam (CZP) was investigated using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindled rat seizure model. PTZ kindled rats received twice daily injections, either 0.3 mg/kg of CZP for 3 weeks, 2.0 mg/kg of CZP for 2 weeks or vehicle (propylene glycol) as maintenance doses. PTZ injections (30 mg/kg) were given once weekly both prior to and after the initiation of maintenance doses. The protective effect of CZP against PTZ-induced seizures was examined by determining the protective effect of a single dose of CZP (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) given once weekly 30 min prior to 30 mg/kg PTZ injection. CZP treatment continued to protect the rats from kindled seizures during the CZP maintenance period in both experiments. No significant differences were found in seizure responses between rats receiving either dose of CZP maintenance and the vehicle maintenance control group (p > 0.05). We were unable to demonstrate tolerance to the protective effects of CZP against PTZ-induced kindled seizures in this rat seizure model.