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Biomedical subjects

J Olszewski

Publications and source records attributed to J Olszewski.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Structure of the middle ear in infants].

In section specimens of 20 infants aged 2 months to one year the morphology of the middle ear was studied in comparison with 20 adult cases aged 20-50 years. The differences were in size and shape of the tympanic cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid and middle ear ossicles. The comparison of dimensions of auditory ossicles in the infants and in adults shows that the length of malleus increases 11.9%, the length of manubrium mallei--11.5%, crus longum incudis--10.2%, the incus length--7.6%, incus width--8.2%, stapes length--4.5%, length of stapes basis--5.3%, width of stapes basis--7.5%. These data may be useful in pediatric otolaryngology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A nomogram of vestibular pendular stimulation in guinea pigs].

Vestibular pendular test was performed in 20 guinea pigs of various sexes and weights 250-300 g. The total sum of deviations on the right and on the left was 105-164. According to the standard deviation we have accepted the minimal norm 94 and maximal 183. Taking into consideration this norm we have elaborated the nomogram for the quantitative reaction to pendular excitation. There were 6 positions from 0.7 to 1.2 deviations for sec. and total sum from 94 to 183. The results in guinea pigs were in contrast with those in men. The guinea pig vestibular organ is more susceptible for high-rate excitation (17-12 degrees/sec2) and of minor susceptibility in lower rate of acceleration (12-0 degrees/sec2).

Acceleration↗
PubMed1988

[The innervation of the external urethral sphincter muscle].

Innervation of external urethral sphincter muscle was examined in 100 human fetuses and 10 adults of both sexes. Examined nerves take place from deep perineal nerve (branch of pudendal nerve) and, probably, from pelvic splanchnic nerves (via inferior hypogastric plexus). However, this supposition needs further microscopic research. It is also concluded that pelvic splanchnic nerves and pudendal nerve arise from the same ventral branches of spinal nerves (S2-S4).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem in the guinea pig].

The examination of the standard waves' amplitude and latency of the brain stem auditory evoked response (BAEP) was performed in 20 guinea pigs (males and females, weighing 250 to 300 g). According with the relative loudness of stimuli (90, 70, 50, 30, 10 dB SPL), the latency of BAEP waves was larger (t1 = 0.2 msec), but the conductance time between P1 to P5 was constant (3.1 to 3.6 msec). The highest wave of BAEP was P2 with an amplitude: 90 dB SPL, U = 6.5 +/- 1.2 microV; 70 dB SPL, U = 4.3 +/- 1.0 microV; 50 dB SPL, U = 3.5 +/- 0.6 microV; 30 dB SPL, U = 2.0 +/- 0.4 microV.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

An attempt at comparing CT images of petrous bone with analogical sections of anatomical specimens.

The purpose of the paper was to present comparative laminar anatomy of human temporal bone on the basis of cross-sections of autopsy specimens and CT scans made in identical thin layers. The investigations were made on 20 temporal bones taken during anatomopathological dissections of cadavers of men and women (aged 40 to 60 a) without visible pathological changes in the skull. The CT examinations were made by means of a Siemens Somatom DR 2 apparatus, using high resolution programme, on 10 patients who had pathological changes in the ear. The obtained scans were compared with temporal bone cross-sections, schemas of regular anatomical relation of 8 layers corresponding to routine CT examinations were worked out.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Variation in susceptibility of Balb/c mice to coxsackievirus group B type 3-induced myocarditis with age.

The severity of cardiac lesions in coxsackievirus group B, type 3 (CVB3)-infected Balb/c mice depends upon both the age and the sex of the animal at the time of viral inoculation. Suckling animals (1-3 weeks old) of either sex develop few cardiac lesions. Thereafter, males rapidly demonstrate increasing disease susceptibility peaking at 16-18 weeks old and then decreasing susceptibility from 20 to 40 weeks of age. Female susceptibility increases much more gradually and myocarditis in this sex never reaches maximal levels as seen in males. Increased susceptibility correlates with virus concentrations in the heart and anti-CVB3 titers in the serum. Cardiac injury is dependent on functional T lymphocytes since treatment of the animals with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum abrogates inflammation and myocyte necrosis. Sex-associated steroid hormones influence both virus concentrations and immune responses in mice and are probably responsible for variations in disease susceptibility throughout the animal's life.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Anatomical considerations of selective pudendal neurectomy.

The pudendal nerve was examined in 100 cadavers of both sexes. Because of the variable number of trunks of the pudendal nerve, 5 types were distinguished: one-trunked; two-trunked, rectopudendal; two-trunked, pudendo-penile (or -clitoridal); three-trunked, recto-perineo-penile (or -clitoridal); four-trunked, recto-perineo-perineopenile (or -clitoridal). The authors' suggestions make it possible to perform selective pudendectomy, consisting in denervation of the sphincter urethrae muscle by neurectomy of the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Coxsackievirus B-3 myocarditis. Acute and chronic forms of the disease caused by different immunopathogenic mechanisms.

Male BALB/c, DBA/2 and A mice inoculated with a myocarditic variant of coxsackievirus group B, Type 3 (CVB3) developed three distinct patterns of myocarditis. Most BALB/c and all DBA/2 mice developed acute cardiac inflammation lasting only 2 weeks, while A animals consistently showed twice as much myocardial damage as the other two strains, with active myocarditis continuing for 56 days after virus inoculation. Although virus elimination from the heart was also delayed in A mice, immunopathogenic, not viral, mechanisms caused cardiac injury in all strains. In vivo depletion of L3T4+ (T helper) and Lyt 2+ (T cytolytic/suppressor) cells using monoclonal antibodies showed that myocarditis in BALB/c mice depended predominantly on Lyt 2+ cells, in DBA/2 mice on L3T4+ cells and in A mice on both Lyt 2+ and L3T4+ cells. IgM heart reactive antibodies (HRAs) occurred in all three strains, while IgG HRAs were detected only in DBA/2 and A mice. Presumably, only the IgG antibody was pathogenic in this system. These data suggest that the host's genetic makeup determines the type of immune response to CVB3 infection of the heart and therefore the pattern of myocarditis which develops.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Coxsackievirus B-3-induced myocarditis. Effect of sex steroids on viremia and infectivity of cardiocytes.

Male and female BALB/c mice were inoculated with various concentrations of coxsackievirus, group B, type 3 (CVB3), ranging from 10 to 10(7) plaque-forming units (PFU). Lower viral doses (greater than 10(2) PFU) induced severe myocarditis in male mice but caused little injury in females. With 10(7) PFU, females also developed severe disease. Females may be relatively resistant to CVB3-induced myocarditis because virus entry into the blood and heart is less effective. Males given 125I-CVB3 show approximately 2-4 and 20-fold more radioactivity in the peripheral blood and heart, respectively, than females. No differences were observed between the sexes in 125I-bovine serum albumin penetration. Sex steroid hormones influence viremia and virus localization; females given exogenous testosterone and progesterone demonstrate ten times more virus in their hearts than animals given estradiol. The hormones may act by increasing virus receptor expression on endothelial cells and myocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of glutaraldehyde on the activity of some DNA restriction endonucleases.

The effect of the bifunctional crosslinking reagent glutaraldehyde on the activity of the restriction enzymes Bam HI, Hind III, EcoRI, and Tthlll I was investigated. The four enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to inactivation. Tthlll I was the most sensitive, with activity losses occurring at levels of 0.0025% and above. Hind III was the most stable of the four and remained fully active at concentrations as high as 0.075%. Addition of BSA to incubation mixtures generally had a stabilizing effect. Implications of these results for the design of glutaraldehyde-based methods for the immobilization of restriction endonucleases are discussed.

Aldehydes↗