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Biomedical subjects

J Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to J Olsson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Monoclonal antibodies against a high-molecular-weight agglutinin block adherence to experimental pellicles on hydroxyapatite and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans.

High-molecular-weight (HMW) glycoproteins, agglutinins, in parotid saliva induce the aggregation of S. mutans and mediate binding of the bacteria to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA). Two types of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against, respectively, protein and carbohydrate epitopes on the agglutinin have been reported to inhibit the aggregation of S. mutans. In this study, the mAbs were tested for their ability to block aggregation and adherence to SHA of S. mutans serotype c mediated by parotid, submaxillary, and whole saliva from three subjects. Both types of antibody inhibited the adherence and aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. However, individual variations were noted for the effects of the antibodies. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequent immunoblotting with the antibodies revealed a > 300 kDa agglutinin component in all types of saliva and in the proteins desorbed from SHA. The degree of staining of this component in immunoblots of the salivas and the desorbates seemed to be paralleled by the rates of aggregation and adherence, respectively. Thus, our results indicate that the adherence to SHA as well as the aggregation of S. mutans serotype c is primarily mediated by structurally related, HMW glycoproteins in parotid, submaxillary, and whole saliva.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial colonization on titanium, hydroxyapatite, and amalgam surfaces in vivo.

A study was conducted to evaluate qualitative and quantitative differences in bacterial colonization on titanium, hydroxyapatite, and amalgam surfaces in vivo. Six healthy adult individuals participated in the study. Two pieces each of titanium, hydroxyapatite, and amalgam of similar size were placed in cobalt-chromium splints and kept intra-orally in each individual for 10 min, and 1, 3, 6, 24, and 72 hrs. After removal of the splints, the pieces were rinsed in PBS and transferred to transport medium. After being vortexed, the samples were inoculated on selective and non-selective media for analyses of various facultative and anaerobic bacteria. During the experiment, total viable count increased on all surfaces. The investigated bacterial groups constituted, on average, approximately 60 to 99% of the total viable count on all three types of surfaces in each of the experiments, except in the 10-minute samples, when they constituted around 20 to 30%. Various streptococcal species predominated and usually constituted > 50% of total viable count. Similar colonization patterns of Streptococcus spp., Actinomyces naeslundii, Neisseria spp., Hemophilus parainfluenzae, Fusobacterium spp., and black-pigmented Prevotella spp. were seen at all three types of surfaces. No significant differences among the materials regarding colonization of investigated bacteria were found during the study period. This study failed to show any qualitative and quantitative differences in bacterial colonization among these materials. Titanium, hydroxyapatite, and amalgam do not seem to have a marked influence on the early colonization pattern in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Simulated intraperitoneal absorption of irrigating fluid.

BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal absorption of electrolyte-free irrigating fluid may occur secondary to uterine perforation during endometrial resection, but the clinical course of this complication is known from only a few case reports. METHODS: We studied symptoms, biochemical changes and the kinetics of solute equilibration over the peritoneal membrane in 10 healthy awake women who were subjected to an experimental absorption situation by receiving an intraperitoneal infusion of 25 ml/kg of a solution containing glycine 1.5% and ethanol 1% over 20 min. We also compared the use of breath ethanol and serum sodium samples to indicate the presence of irrigating fluid in the peritoneal cavity. RESULTS: All infusions caused lower abdominal pain. The solute gradients between the peritoneal pool and plasma were reduced according to mono-exponential functions with a half-time of 33 +/- 5 min for ethanol, 92 +/- 9 min for sodium, 103 +/- 9 min for potassium, and 124 +/- 10 min for amino acids (mean +/- s.e.mean). Twenty minutes after infusion, the breath ethanol level reached a plateau which could be used to predict the infused volume within +/- 15% of the true value. In contrast, the serum sodium concentration decreased slowly and was only 3.0 +/- 0.7 mmol/l below baseline at 2 hours after infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The calculated rates of transperitoneal solute equilibration can be used to assess the need for substitution of electrolytes in patients who absorb irrigating fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Measurement of ethanol in the expired breath is more useful than serum sodium to indicate the existence of such a pool.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Symptoms of the transurethral resection syndrome using glycine as the irrigant.

We evaluated signs and symptoms of the transurethral resection syndrome recorded during and after 273 transurethral prostatic resections performed at 2 hospitals between 1984 and 1993. Glycine solution was used as the irrigant and ethanol served as a tracer for fluid absorption. The incidence and severity of symptoms that could possibly be related to the syndrome increased progressively as more glycine solution was absorbed. Patients who absorbed 0 to 300 ml. of glycine solution had an average of 1.3 such symptoms. This number increased to 2.3 when 1,001 to 2,000 ml. were absorbed, 3.1 when 2,001 to 3,000 ml. were absorbed and 5.8 for volumes greater than 3,000 ml. Nausea and vomiting occurred significantly more often when 1,001 to 2,000 ml. were absorbed compared to no absorption. Confusion and arterial hypotension were other prominent signs of fluid absorption, whereas hypertension was not. The severity of symptoms was markedly aggravated when more than 3,000 ml. were absorbed. Extravasation resulted in higher risks of bradycardia, hypotension and failed spontaneous diuresis postoperatively than absorption by the intravascular route.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of excess costs of care and production losses because of morbidity in diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare excess costs of care and production losses because of morbidity in diabetic patients and the general population of a Swedish community. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Costs of production losses were calculated from medical and social insurance records on sickness benefit days (short-term illness) and premature retirement (permanent disability) in people with diabetes and in the entire population of the community (a municipality comprising a town and rural surroundings, with 28,000 inhabitants). Care costs included those of consultations and inpatient care, as well as costs of insulin, oral antidiabetic medications, other drugs, test material, and treatment devices, and they were obtained from patient records, the health care administration, and the statistics of community pharmacy sales. RESULTS: Of the diabetic patients < 65 years of age, above which both diabetic and nondiabetic people get retirement pension, and sickness benefits cease, 62% of those on insulin treatment in each gender had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). All insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients were > 40 years of age. Both the insulin-treated and the non-insulin-treated diabetic patients were prematurely retired twice as often as the average population and had twice as many inpatient days. The insulin-treated subjects also had twice as many sickness benefit days. The excess costs of production losses as a result of morbidity in people with diabetes were about $7,000 per individual and year. The corresponding excess costs of inpatient care were $800. The therapeutic expenditures for control of diabetes were about $600 per individual and year. If converted to U.S. conditions, the costs of lost production as a result of excess morbidity (< 65 years of age) would be $12 billion and $9 billion for people with insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: If improved metabolic control by intensified treatment would reduce excess morbidity in both IDDM and NIDDM, the predominant costs of production losses imply that intensified antidiabetic treatment might save costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Biosynthesis of the side chain of ubiquinone:trans-prenyltransferase in rat liver microsomes.

The trans-prenyltransferase activity present in rat liver microsomes was investigated using an in vitro system. Geranyl-PP, but not farnesyl-PP is utilized as substrate. The pH optimum is at 8.0, and Mn2+ and Mg2+ activate, while Zn2+ completely inhibits the enzyme. Digitonin, taurodeoxycholate, and Tween 80 increase this activity, whereas deoxycholate and SDS are inhibitory. In contrast to the cis-prenyltransferase, the trans-prenyltransferase is not dependent on cytosolic protein factors. The trans-prenyltransferase is present at the cytoplasmic surface of rough and smooth microsomes. Solanesyl-PP and all-trans-geranylgeranyl-PP inhibit the transferase activity but poly-cis-polyprenyl-12-PP, an intermediate in the cis-prenyltransferase reaction, does not. The enzyme reaction gives rise to two products, solanesyl-PP and an unidentified polyprenyl metabolite. Mevinolin treatment distinguishes this enzyme from the cytoplasmic geranylgeranyl-PP synthase. The results demonstrate that rat liver microsomes synthesize solanesyl-PP via a trans-prenyltransferase, which is distinct from cis-prenyltransferase and geranylgeranyl-PP synthase.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Reliability of clinical assessment of fluid absorption in transurethral prostatic resection.

We evaluated 5 frequently used clinical methods of assessing absorption of irrigation fluid during 118 transurethral prostatic resections. The use of an irrigating solution containing glycine 1.5% and ethanol 1% and subsequent analysis of the alcohol concentration in the exhaled breath (ethanol monitoring) served as control method. Most cases of fluid absorption in excess of 1,000 ml could be indicated from a combination of clinical observations made by the surgeon and the anaesthetic nurse, and by measuring the serum sodium concentration. 'False alarms' were common, however. The volumetric fluid balance did not accurately reflect absorption. We conclude that none of the routine methods alone was specific enough to suffice for detection of irrigation fluid.

Absorption↗
PubMed1993

Intraperitoneal absorption of irrigating fluid during endometrial resection.

We report a situation where uterine perforation was followed by uptake of 4,540 ml of irrigating fluid into the peritoneal cavity during transcervical resection of the endometrium. The irrigating fluid contained 1.5% glycine and 1% ethanol. There was a seven-fold increase in serum glycine level during the resection, which was stopped after 40 min because ethanol had repeatedly been detected in the patient's expired breath. Diagnosis of the intraperitoneal absorption was made from the pattern of ethanol changes and confirmed by surgical drainage of the absorbed fluid, which was performed before serious symptoms developed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

Spatial analyses of glaucomatous visual fields; a comparison with traditional visual field indices.

Interpretation of numeric automated threshold visual field results is often difficult. A large amount of data is obtained for every single field tested. Various approaches to summarize this data have been suggested, most commonly the mean and standard deviation of departures from age-corrected normal threshold values. These visual field indices differ substantially from subjective field interpretation where spatial relationships are important. We have previously devised two methods for automated field interpretation which take spatial information into account--regional up-down comparisons and arcuate cluster analysis. We now studied the merits of using these new spatial methods and compared them to traditional visual field indices for discrimination between normal and glaucomatous field results. Central static 30 degree field results in 101 eyes of 101 normal subjects and 101 eyes of 101 patients with glaucoma were discriminated using logistic regression analysis. The best field classification was obtained with a spatial visual field model combining up-down differences and arcuate clusters. The advantages of the spatial model were confirmed in an independent material of 163 eyes of 163 normal subjects and 76 eyes of 76 patients with glaucoma where eyes with large field defects had been removed. In this material the spatial model gave 87% sensitivity and 83% specificity while the best non-spatial model gave 82% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Visual field interpretation in glaucoma may be significantly enhanced if detection is focused on circumscribed field loss rather than on averages of differential light sensitivities and similar indices which do not take spatial relationships into consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Salivary receptors for GalNAc beta-sensitive adherence of Actinomyces spp.: evidence for heterogeneous GalNAc beta and proline-rich protein receptor properties.

The receptors for GalNAc beta 1-3Gal alpha Oethyl (GalNAc beta)-sensitive adherence of Actinomyces strains to salivary pellicles were investigated. Parotid and submaxillary saliva from one individual was size fractionated and utilized in hydroxyapatite adherence assays with Actinomyces naeslundii 12104 and A. viscosus 19246 and LY7 with and without GalNAc beta. Three parotid salivary fractions, the high-molecular-weight, acidic proline-rich protein (PRP), and statherin fractions, promote GalNAc beta-sensitive adherence of strain 12104, whereas only the high-molecular-weight fraction of submaxillary saliva promotes such adherence. In contrast, strain LY7, possessing a variant GalNAc beta specificity, shows GalNAc beta-sensitive adherence to the leading and trailing regions of the submaxillary PRP fractions but less distinct adherence to the parotid and submaxillary high-molecular-weight fractions. In addition, the PRP and statherin fractions promote adherence of strains LY7 and 19246 that is not inhibited by GalNAc beta. However, whereas strain LY7 binds more strongly to the PRP fraction than to the statherin fraction, strain 19246 binds preferentially to the statherin fractions of parotid and submaxillary saliva. These salivary protein fractions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunostained to detect glycosylated proteins. The different salivary receptor properties are paralleled by different glycosylation patterns. The variable GalNAc beta specificities may have evolved to match different salivary glycosylation patterns, and PRP and statherin binding properties seem to be heterogeneous among the Actinomyces strains.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1992

The occurrence of long chain polyprenols in leaves of plants of Rosaceae family and their isolation by time-extended liquid chromatography.

The long chain polyprenols composed of 30 and more isoprene units from leaves of plants belonging to the genera Potentilla and Rosa have been described. They occur in the form of fatty acid esters. The composition of polyprenol mixture was species dependent and its content reached ca. 0.5% wet weight. Large scale preparation of individual polyprenols from a natural polyprenol mixture was performed using time-extended liquid chromatography on the hydrophobic gel Lipidex-5000.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1992

Plaque formation in vivo and bacterial attachment in vitro on permanently hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces.

Highly hydrated polyethylene oxide (PEO) films represent one type of surface modification which may interfere with biofilm formation. Protein adsorption and saliva-mediated bacterial adherence were investigated in vitro on normal and hydrophobized glass surfaces and on glass surfaces with immobilized PEO films. More protein and bacteria bound to untreated compared to hydrophobized and PEO-treated glass. Pellicle and plaque formation was also studied in vivo on ceramic crown surfaces either untreated, hydrophobized or with immobilized PEO films. Pellicle and plaque formation was similar on the untreated ceramic and PEO surfaces. Less plaque seemed to collect on these surfaces compared to adjacent normal tooth surfaces. Almost no plaque accumulated on the hydrophobic crown surface and it was virtually devoid of stainable pellicle. Even after 7 days in the mouth without oral hygiene this surface was very hydrophobic and the disclosing solution could not spread.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

Variations of common bile duct diameter after endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Diameters of the common bile duct (CBD) and common hepatic duct (CHD) were measured before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EPT) in 100 patients. There was a significant reduction of the lumen diameter in both the CBD and CHD (p less than 0.01) after EPT. A comparison between 32 patients without symptoms (such as pain, residual stones, and elevated levels of liver enzymes) and 19 patients with remaining symptoms after EPT, showed a statistically significant reduction in both CBD and CHD diameters (p less than 0.001) in the former group, and no statistically proven changes in the diameters in the latter group, since a change of less than 1.5 mm was not considered significant. Therefore, the absence of a reduction or a dilatation of the diameter of the CBD after EPT may suggest that these patients may have persisting complaints after EPT. Measurements on models (phantoms) show that body position of the patient during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has little and negligible influence on the measured diameters of the CBD and CHD.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Oral implantation in man of Streptococcus mutans in relation to salivary IgA activity.

Oral implantations of and salivary IgA activity against a freshly isolated Streptococcus mutans strain and a repeatedly subcultured variant strain were studied in 20 subjects. The variant strain was eliminated at a higher rate than the parent strain. Both strains were eliminated at a lower rate in subjects with high oral levels of indigenous mutans streptococci than in subjects with low levels of these microorganisms. Subjects with high respectively low IgA activity against the parent strain also had high respectively low IgA activity against the variant strain (P less than 0.01). The correlation between IgA activity and clearance rate of implanted bacteria was not statistically significant. However, following both implantations, median values of IgA activity were consistently higher in subjects who had eliminated the implanted strain than in subjects who had not.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adherence to hydroxyapatite with combinations of alkyl phosphates and nonionic surfactants.

Seven alkyl phosphate derivatives and three nonionic surfactants were examined for their ability to inhibit the adherence of 3H-labelled cells of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite (HA) treated with buffer (BHA) or parotid saliva (SHA). None of the compounds alone hindered binding of bacteria to BHA or SHA effectively. A combination of certain of the alkyl phosphates, notably a disodium phosphate of 1-octadecanol, and nonionic surfactant at a 1:1 molar ratio gave a strong inhibition of S. mutans adherence. Treatment of SHA with this combination resulted in 98% reduction of adherence. Adsorption of the two types of surface-active agents alone and in combinations was studied using 14C-labelled agents. Electrophoretic measurements revealed that surfaces treated with only alkyl phosphate became highly negatively charged, while surfaces treated with the combination had a zeta-potential of around zero. The results suggest that treatment with surfactants might be used to interfere with bacterial adherence on the tooth surface.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1990

Modulation of bacterial binding to salivary pellicle by treatment with hydrophilizing compounds.

Two hydrophilizing agents, a branched polyethylene glycol derivative and a non-ionic cellulose ether (EHEC) bind to buffer-treated hydroxyapatite and prevent attachment of Streptococcus mutans. EHEC gives a more efficient surface modification, presumably due to a more complete surface coverage. Neither of the 2 hydrophilizing agents were effective on hydroxyapatite which had been pre-treated with saliva. In a small clinical trial, EHEC was found to be moderately effective in preventing plaque formation.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adherence by means of surface hydrophilization.

Derivatives of polyalkylene oxide (PAO) were examined for their ability to inhibit adherence of 3H-labeled cells of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite (HA) and to plastic surfaces treated with buffer or parotid saliva from two individuals. Pellicles formed on HA with saliva from the two subjects were distinct in their binding capacity. One saliva promoted and the other saliva reduced adherence, as compared with the buffer control (BHA). Three of the PAO compounds effectively hindered binding of bacteria to BHA. However, on saliva-treated HA (SHA) the inhibition was not as effective. One compound, a phosphated polypropylene glycol, was potent in inhibiting adherence both to BHA and to the plastic surfaces treated with either buffer or saliva. However, treatment of HA with this compound followed by saliva incubation only gave a limited reduction in the number of bacteria binding. Evidently, salivary constituents are capable of interacting also with the PAO-treated surface. When 14C-labeled hydrophilizing agent was used, it was shown that the PAO was not replaced by salivary molecules. Instead, the components of the saliva that mediate the binding of bacteria seemed capable of adhering directly to the PAO layer.

Bacterial Adhesion↗