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Biomedical subjects

J Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J Olsen.

568 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A population-based case-control teratologic study of oral erythromycin treatment during pregnancy.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the human teratogenic potential of oral erythromycin treatment during pregnancy in the population-based dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1996. Of 38,151 pregnant women who had newborn infants without any congenital abnormalities (population control group), 172 (0.5%) had received erythromycin, while of 22,865 pregnant women who had newborns or fetuses with congenital abnormalities, 113 (0.5%) had been treated with erythromycin (crude OR with 95% Cl = 1.1, 0.9-1.4). The case-control pair analysis did not indicate a teratogenic potential of erythromycin during the second through third months of gestation, i.e., in the critical period for most major congenital abnormalities. The frequency of maternal erythromycin treatments during the second-third months of pregnancy was also not higher in different congenital abnormality groups compared with the rate of the total control group as referent. Thus, treatment with oral erythromycin during pregnancy did not present detectable teratogenic risk to the fetus.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological stress and rheumatoid arthritis in parents after death of a child: a national follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in parents after the death of a child. METHODS: All 21,062 parents whose child had died (younger than 18 years) between 1980 and 1996 in Denmark were included in the bereaved (exposed) cohort, and 293 745 parents matched on family structure were selected randomly from the general population for the unexposed cohort. RESULTS: We observed 600 incident RA cases during the follow-up (35 in the exposed cohort, 565 in the unexposed cohort). The relative risk (RR) of first hospitalisation for RA was 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-1.24]. The RR was close to 1 throughout the 18 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our findings do not support an association between severe psychological stress and RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mannan-binding lectin and RSV lower respiratory tract infection leading to hospitalization in children: a case-control study from Soweto, South Africa.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important microbiological cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is believed to play a major protective role in the vulnerable period in infancy where the maternal antibodies have been catabolized, and the adaptive immune system has not yet matured. Mutations in the promoter region and in exon 1 of the gene-encoding MBL result in low serum levels of MBL. MBL deficiency is the most common immunodeficiency on the African Continent with frequencies of the variant alleles up to 0.29. We investigated whether MBL deficiency has an impact on the hospitalization for LRTI caused by RSV in infants from Soweto, South Africa. The cases were ethnic black Africans identified through surveillance for RSV-LRTI at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, and the controls were sampled from four immunization clinics in the area. Fifty-five cases and 113 age- and sex-matched controls were identified. Seventy-six per cent were under 6 months of age, and 42% (n = 23) were under 3 months of age. No association was found between low levels of MBL or carriage of variant alleles and LRTI caused by RSV, odds ratio (OR) 1.00 (CI 0.99-1.03) and OR 1.24 (0.73-2.12). We did not find support for the hypothesis that MBL deficiency leads to the hospitalization for LRTI caused by RSV.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enteric function in cats after subtotal colectomy for treatment of megacolon.

The enteric function of four cats that had undergone subtotal colectomy for megacolon was compared with that of four normal cats. All cats were fed the same diet before and during the study. History, physical condition, body weight, blood chemistry panel, fasting and postprandial serum bile acids, serum cobalamin concentration, serum folate concentration, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal fat content, fecal osmolality and electrolyte concentration, quantitative anaerobic fecal bacterial culture, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, breath hydrogen concentration, urinary calcium, phosphorus and electrolyte concentrations, and abdominal radiographic examination with air contrast studies (pneumocolon) were examined. The four cats treated surgically were healthy and thriving and, in general, enteric function was similar to the controls. Bowel movements occurred only slightly more frequently with no significant differences in fecal volume or water content. Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly higher in cats treated surgically. Fecal sodium concentrations were high and fecal potassium concentrations were low. Results of this study did not show any significant subclinical evidence of abnormal bowel function in cats after subtotal colectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrospinal fluid cytology diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis in patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. A study of interobserver and intraobserver variability.

The interobserver and intraobserver variation in the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy was determined in 62 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 46 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. In all patients, lumbar puncture was carried out because of suspected central nervous system metastases. Forty CSF specimens from 26 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis and thus with a high probability of a positive CSF cytology were mixed with 22 specimens from 20 patients without meningeal carcinomatosis. The slides were evaluated blindly by two observers, one of whom evaluated all specimens on two separate occasions; only positive, negative and suspicious conclusions were permitted. The consistency of the intraobserver and interobserver conclusions on the initial CSF specimen in each case was 87%. In 13% of the initial CSF specimens in each case, a suspicious conclusion was reached in one of the three evaluations. For all 62 CSFs, the intraobserver and interobserver disagreement was 2% and 3%, respectively. In the first and second evaluations by the one observer and the single evaluation by the other, 17 (65%), 15 (58%) and 12 (46%), respectively, of the 26 "high probability" patients were found to have malignant cells in the CSF. CSF cytology was negative in all 20 patients without meningeal carcinomatosis. Of 10 patients with autopsy-proven meningeal carcinomatosis, 40% were not diagnosed while alive. Multiple CSFs from repeated lumbar punctures increased the number of positive evaluations by 30%. At least 60% of those patients with a suspicious CSF cytology did in fact have meningeal carcinomatosis. On the other hand, 30% of the patients with a positive lumbar puncture had a subsequent negative one.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations in a Hürthle-cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

According to the literature, the finding of intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations in fine needle aspiration biopsies from thyroid tumors is indicative of a papillary thyroid carcinoma. A case is presented in which the aspiration specimen showed marked intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations from a tumor that histologically was a Hürthle-cell (oncocytic) carcinoma with a trabecular pattern. The classification of thyroid carcinomas and the significance of intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations as a criterion for thyroid malignancy are discussed.

Adult↗