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Biomedical subjects

J Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J Olsen.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Difficulties in a multipractice study.

A multipractice study with the aid of questionnaires concerning "The possible influence of patients' occupations on sterility" had to be given up, when three quarters of the general practitioners who originally enrolled failed to complete the investigation. To help other investigators involved in multipractice studies, an analysis was done of the causes of general practitioner drop out. This points to lack of motivation, a lack of knowledge of epidemiology, forgetfulness and too great a workload on the part of the general practitioner. In addition findings showed an over long period of study, a rather extensive and complicated questionnaire, the fact that sterility is a rare problem, and other more obscure circumstances.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1983

The risk of infertility and delayed conception associated with exposures in the Danish workplace.

The association between infertility and a number of occupations and occupational exposures was examined in a case-control study utilizing data collected from medical records and mailed questionnaires. The results suggest that male exposure to heat and female exposure to noise, textile dyes and lead, mercury, and cadmium are associated with infertility. Further research is needed to examine the entire spectrum of abnormal reproductive and developmental outcomes of exposure to these agents and to identify their full effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of subfecundity and spontaneous abortion in Denmark.

This paper provides an estimate of the prevalence of subfecundity and spontaneous abortion in Denmark, and examines social factors associated with these problems of reproduction. The data of this study were collected by interviewing a stratified random sample of 1.4 women per thousand in Denmark between the ages 25 and 45. The interview generated detailed information on reproductive history and sociodemographic data for 709 women. The survey results indicate that reduced fecundity is a relatively common health problem. The proportion of women that either could not achieve a wanted conception or experienced a delay of one or more years before achieving conception was 0.16 in a first pregnancy and 0.17 in a second or subsequent pregnancy attempt. Four per cent of the women interviewed never produced a desired first child and an additional four per cent reported failure to produce a second or subsequent desired child. Social factors relating to subfecundity and spontaneous abortion were studied using logistic regression. No significant associations were found between the occurrence of subfecundity and family net income, employment status of the 'head of the household', area of residence, type of housing or age at time of interview. Women without a college education were more likely to exhibit primary subfecundity than college-educated women (p less than .05). The rate of spontaneous abortion was not found to be associated with socioeconomic class. A significantly higher rate of abortion was found among women with a history of subfecundity than among women with no such history.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1982

Confounding as a result of differential diagnosis.

Confounding occurs when a competing cause of illness is associated with one or more of the factors being examined under the study hypothesis. Factors that influence the likelihood of diagnosis and are associated with exposure will also have confounding properties in registry-based follow-up studies without ad hoc diagnosis, and in case-control studies where cases are ascertained from medical settings. Such confounders can be controlled in the same manner as other confounders if the necessary information has been collected in the study. Oftentimes sufficient control of confounders will not be possible, especially in registry-based studies. This article gives guidelines for estimating the direction and magnitude for both forms of confounding. The formulas may be needed for the interpretation of positive or negative results in studies where control for confounding has been incomplete.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1982

Effect of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha on the systemic and pulmonary circulation in pregnant anesthetized women.

The hemodynamic effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was studied in 12 healthy volunteers admitted for suction abortion at 10--12 weeks of gestation. They were anesthesized using natrium thiomebumal, pethidine and pancuronium bromide. PGF 2 alpha was given as an intravenous infusion of 100 micrograms/min, the dose being increased by 100 micrograms every 10 min to a maximum of 300 micrograms/min. PGE2 was administered with 5 micrograms/min, the dose being increased by 5 micrograms every 10 min to a maximum of 15 micrograms/min. During infusion of 300 micrograms PGF2 alpha a significant increase iun cardiac output and femoral arterial pressure of 40% and 25% respectively was measured together with an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure (125%). Pulmonary vascular resistance was doubled, with a concomitant decrease in systemic resistance (11%). These changes were followed by a significant decrease in pH and PaO2, whereas an increase in PaCO2 was found. During infusion of PGE2 a significant, 36% increase in cardiac output was measured during infusion of 15 micrograms/min PGE2, together with a decrease in systemic blood pressure (31%) and resistance (33%). Heart rate rose significantly, while stroke volume showed only a small increase, and pulmonary pressure was unchanged. These changes were followed by an increase in PaO2. PGF2 alpha seems to have a positive inotropic effect on the heart, whereas its response to PGE2 seems to be a result of the peripheral vasodilatation. The slight decrease in systemic blood pressure without change in pulmonary hemodynamics makes PGE2 suitable for induction in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.

Abortion, Induced↗