Specific hyposensitization in 165 children with inhalant allergy was successful in 82.4%. Children with pollen-allergy showed statistically better results than those with other inhalant-allergies. In the latter group, the failure rate was significantly higher when polyvalent antigen-combinations were used. Age, and duration of the allergic disorder before therapy apparently have no significant influence on the therapeutic success. Children hyposensitized for more than one or two years achieved significantly better short-term results. Patients with atopic dermatitis showed worse results in both groups. Where there is no success after one year of therapy, antigen-determinations should be controlled by repeated cutaneous-vascular tests. In the non-pollen-allergies the prevalent antigen should be determined by provocation-tests. Longterm results after hyposensitization are less favourable than those shortly after a therapeutic course. Three years after discontinuation of therapy success diminished by 35.7%, the recurrence rate was higher in the 1st year than after 2 or 3 years. Frequent local and systemic adverse reactions demand a high responsibility of the physician performing the hyposensitization regimen. In pharmaceutical brochures up to 10,000 PNU are recommended, but this may result in dangerous overdoses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Duration of protection after BCG vaccination with the 1331 Copenhagen strain (author's transl)].

Children vaccinated in 1975 with different doses of BCG were tested when they were 2 1/2 years old by means of the tine test or, if negative, the tuberculin test at 1 : 100. Of those children who, according to present-day view, had been satisfactorily immunised, 34 of 42 still showed a tuberculin allergy after 2 1/2 years, of those unsatisfactorily vaccinated only 23 of 38. In addition it was found that, contrary to general teaching, positive tuberculin allergy is possible even without scar after a BCG vaccination with the Copenhagen strain (6 of 13). The need of revaccination of tuberculin-negative persons is stressed.

BCG Vaccine↗

PubMed1978

[Prognosis of T-cell leukemia].

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Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1978

[Acute myelogenous leukemia 11 years after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. A contribution to the problem of secondary tumors].

Acute myelogenous leukemia 11 years after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease: A contribution to the problem of second malignancies. The occurence of a therapy resistant acute myelogenous leukemia 11 years after successful treatment (operation, radiotherapy, polychemotherapy) of Hodgkin's disease is described. While this second malignancy was rarely seen in the era of minimal or no therapy of Hodgkin's disease, it is nowadays described more often. The possible causes of this second malignant tumor are discussed. Although modern therapy of Hodgkin's disease should not be abandoned from fear of second malignancies, any change in primary treatment must consider not only acute toxicity but also the occurence of late second malignant tumors. Long term follow-up of all patients treated with radiotherapy and/or polychemotherapy is necessary.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Influence of remission induction therapy on the further outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children (author's transl)].

An analysis of 66 children with ALL treated during the last 10 years shows an increase in medium survival time from 27.1 +/- 17.8 months to so far 39.3 +/- 15.1 months after the introduction of preventive CNS therapy. In the group with preventive CNS therapy both CNS relapses and hematological relapses are markedly reduced. Furthermore, in the group with preventive CNS therapy, patients initially treated with 3 drugs obviously survive longer than patients initially treated with only 2 drugs. Thus our study shows the importance of the quality of first remission for the further outcome of a patient with leukemia.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1978

[In memoriam Dr. med. Paul Dannenbaum 1897-1977].

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Germany, West↗

PubMed1978

[Pro. F. Linneweh 70 years old].

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Germany, West↗

PubMed1978

[Treatment of abdominal liposarcoma in children (author's transl)].

A patient with abdominal liposarcoma is described, and the treatment of this in children extremely uncommon tumor is discussed. After complete surgical excision, local irradion with 5000-6000 rad should be considered only if no vital organs are irradiated. Because of the high tendency for local recurrence and for distant metastases of this tumor a primary polychemotherapy beginning immediately after surgical excision is proposed as in cases of other solid tumors in children for instance rhabdomyosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. 18 months after the surgical excision and after the beginning of polychemotherapy our patient is clinically well without demonstrable tumor growth.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1978

[Investigations carried out to ascertain the dose-effect relationship of a BCG vaccine, strain 1331 Copenhagen, in neonates and young infants (author's transl)].

1405 neonates and infants were vaccinated with BCG Vaccine (strain 1331 Copenhagen) at five clinics in the Federal Republic of Germany. Doses in logarithmic increments from 22000 to 250000 VU (viable units)/0.1 ml were given by strictly intradermal injection. Carrying out the post-vaccinal tuberculin test by the MENDEL-MANTOUX technique, the dose-effect relationship could be demonstrated (Fig. 3). Conversion rates raised from 43% to 76% (Tab. 1); they are furthermore depending from the tuberculin dose and the assessment of the skin reaction. Tests with up to 50 I.U. of purified tuberculin were resulting in conversion rates over 90% for vaccination doses of 100 000 VU and more, any palpable infiltration regarding as a positive result (Fig. 4). The vaccine showed good safety in all concentrations employed concerning reactions at the site of injection. Lympnode enlargement, palable even 12 weeks postvacc., was common. In the course of the trial there was one case of suppurative lymphadenitis among the 262 children who were given the vaccine in the highest concentration (250000 VU). Subsequent trials revealed a rate of this complication in the 1:1000 range. The approval for the vaccine with 100000-300000 VU/dose has subsequently been given by the Federal Bureau for Sera and Vaccines.

BCG Vaccine↗

PubMed1978

[Experiences with the electrophoretic mobility test in children. A diagnostic help in pediatric oncology? (author's transl)].

Lymphocyte sensitisation to encephalitogenic factor (EF) was determined in 131 children with the electrophoretic mobility test (EM-test) to find out, whether this test may be helpful in the diagnosis of malignant disease in children. None of 34 healthy controls showed a decrease of electrophoretic mobility of more than 5%, while all 10 children with malignant solid tumors showed a slowing of more than 5%. 3 of 54 patients with non malignant disease showed a slowing of more than 5% in the EM-test. Children with malignant solid tumors during therapy and children with leukemia during different stages of the disease often showed a slowing of less than 5% in the EM-test. The possible diagnostic help of the EM-test is shown in a case history. Finally some technical remarks are made on improving this test, and further studies are suggested.

Cell Movement↗

PubMed1976

Influence of different cytotoxic drugs on T and B lymphocytes in children with all during remission maintenance therapy.

The influence of four different cytotoxic drugs (MTX, CYC, 6MP, and ARA-C) on T, B, and O-lymphocytes was investigated in 20 children with ALL in complete remission during cyclic remission maintenance therapy. Each of the four drugs causes a marked reduction of the absolute number of T and B cells whereas the relative number lies within the normal range with the exception of CYC, which leads to a depression of the percentage of both T and B cells. The percentage of O cells is markedly increased by CYC and slightly increased by MTX, 6MP, and ARA-C. The data are interpreted with care since the function of the immune system and especially tumor rejection depends on the interaction between the different lymphocyte subpopulations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Dose-activity relationships of the BCG vaccine for newborn infants (author's transl)].

BCG vaccine with the Kopenhagen strain was injected intracutaneously in 217 newborn infants in four different concentrations (22.000, 50.000, 110.000, and 160.000 organisms per dose). 171 children could be followed up and tested. The results showed a good activity (tuberculin conversion) with a low risk (no ulcers, no severe regional lymph node swelling). There were no complications. As would be expected the conversion rate was highest (95%) with the vaccine with the highest concentration (160.000 U per dose). This concentration is thus recommended for the general BCG vaccination of newborn infants. In contrast to previous experience tuberculin conversion could be demonstrated in 22 babies without a local reaction at the vaccination site. In 13 children the opposite was true.

BCG Vaccine↗

PubMed1976

[Immunological cell surface markers in infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)].

Using a direct immunofluorescence technique and a spontaneous rosette formation with sheep red blood cells it could be demonstrated that the large mononuclear cells in infectious mononucleosis consisted mainly of T-lymphocytes. It is likely that infectious mononucleosis represents a primary B-lymphcoyte infection with the Epstein-Barr virus like in the Burkitt lymphoma. In contrast to this malignant lymphoma, interaction in infectious mononucleosis leads to a secondary T-lymphocyte proliferation.

B-Lymphocytes↗