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Biomedical subjects

J Odink

Publications and source records attributed to J Odink.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Nutrition and serum cholesterol levels among elderly men and women (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

Associations of serum cholesterol with relevant dietary intake variables (assessed with the dietary history method) and body mass index were investigated in elderly men (n = 199) and women (n = 180) 65-79 years old. All subjects were apparently healthy, nondiabetic, and not on a dietary regimen. The associations were studied separately for men and women using linear regression analysis and all possible subsets regression analysis. Among men, body mass index (kg/m2) and intake of monounsaturated fat and of alcohol were positively and consistently associated with serum total cholesterol. Among women, intake of alcohol and of saturated fat were positively associated, and intake of polysaccharides was inversely associated with serum total cholesterol. The intake of monounsaturated fatty acids was highly (r greater than .60) positively correlated with the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids, and inversely with carbohydrates. HDL-cholesterol was positively associated with alcohol intake (significant for men only), and inversely with body mass index (women). The results indicate that the effect of dietary factors on serum cholesterol levels is probably not age-limited. Elderly people may potentially benefit from weight reduction or control, moderate alcohol consumption, and avoidance of too much dietary fat. These suggestions are in fair accordance with general population-based guidelines for a healthy diet. However, as our study was cross-sectional, causation as well as the public health impact remains to be proven.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Vascular reactivity during migraine attacks: a transcranial Doppler study.

We measured vascular reactivity--expressed i) as decrease in blood flow velocity (cm/sec) per vol% CO2 decrease due to voluntary hyperventilation and ii) as increase of blood flow velocity during the first minute after resuming normal ventilation, per vol% CO2 increase--in the middle cerebral and basilar artery of 48 migraineurs with attacks without aura, and 17 normal controls. We found no differences for both determinants of vascular reactivity between migraineurs during and outside an attack, and between migraineurs and healthy volunteers. We conclude that the vasomotor reactivity is normal during migraine attacks without aura.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum uric acid correlates in elderly men and women with special reference to body composition and dietary intake (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

In 460 apparently healthy Dutch elderly, aged 65-79 years, serum uric acid correlates were studied by linear regression analyses, for men and women separately. Diuretic therapy, total serum cholesterol (women only) and creatinine clearance (in bivariate analysis only) were significantly associated with serum uric acid level. Positive associations of serum uric acid with body weight, body mass index, body fatness (men) and lean body mass (men) were observed, with and without adjustment for diuretic therapy, creatinine clearance and age. Serum uric acid levels, whether adjusted or not for these variables and for body mass index, were positively associated with alcohol intake (men) and consumption of meat and fish (women), and inversely with consumption of bread, margarine and milk products (women). These results indicate that limited medication with diuretics, weight control and restriction of alcohol use may help to prevent hyperuricemia in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Atrial natriuretic peptide and chronic renal effects of changes in dietary protein and sodium intake in man.

1. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and several other hormones were measured and related to the renal responses to chronic changes in the dietary intake of protein and sodium, alone and in combination. Eight healthy subjects consumed four diets for 1 week: a basal diet containing 140 mmol of sodium/day and 1 g of protein day-1 kg-1, the same diet with isocaloric addition of 1 g of meat protein day-1 kg-1, the basal diet with addition of 170 mmol of sodium chloride/day and the basal diet with both additions. 2. Creatinine clearance was increased significantly both by protein and, to a smaller extent, by sodium. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and the urinary excretion of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate were increased significantly by sodium but were not affected by protein. Protein induced a significant rise in plasma glucagon levels, whereas the rise in somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I) just failed to reach statistical significance. 3. These findings demonstrate that atrial natriuretic peptide does not mediate chronic protein-induced hyperfiltration, although it may contribute to the renal effects of sodium. Glucagon and somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I) may have contributed to chronic protein-induced hyperfiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Haematology and blood-chemistry for predicting abscesses and other abnormalities in slaughtered pigs.

Blood values of slaughtered pigs were determined in an attempt to relate the blood profile with the prevalence of abscesses. To this end 319 pigs were selected and grouped into classes on the basis of pathological ante- and post-mortem findings. The classes thus distinguished were (i) no pathology, (ii) pleurisy or pneumonia and (iii) abscesses occurring singly, metastasised or in combination with other abnormalities. By stepwise discriminant analysis it was established that the blood variables ln(fibrinogen) and albumin were particularly suitable for the detection of abscesses in slaughtered pigs. In this way a correct classification of 89.3% of affected pigs is possible. The numbers of false-positives and false-negatives were 19.3% and 10.7%, respectively. For meat-inspection purposes application of blood analyses is promising. For application in meat-inspection practice rapid on-line methods need to be devised.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1990

Nutrition and aging: nutritional status of "apparently healthy" elderly (Dutch nutrition surveillance system).

In a nationwide survey the nutritional status was assessed of 539 apparently healthy, independently living elderly aged 65-79 years. Anthropometric data showed no energy deficits. The prevalence of anemia was 4 and 1% among men and women, respectively. Many elderly showed a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma (less than 31 nmol/L: men 35%; women 43%), indicating a marginal status. Although the prevalence of low blood levels of folate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, and total carotenoids was higher among the elderly than among younger adults, clear (clinical) signs of nutritional deficiencies were not observed. Prevalence of obesity (13%), hypercholesterolemia (38%), and hypertension (63%) was found to be high, the percentages being higher for women than for men. Several indicators of the nutritional status appeared to differ among age groups. It is concluded that few differences can be considered as being due to physiological aging, which finding should be reflected in reference values for elderly people.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Long-term effects of a vegetarian diet on the nutritional status of elderly people (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

The health and nutritional status (anthropometry, and blood and urine biochemistry) of 44 Dutch apparently healthy vegetarians, aged 65-97 years, refraining from meat, fish, and poultry consumption, was assessed for insight into long-term consequences of ovo-lacto- or lacto-vegetarianism. The results indicate that in comparison to omnivorous elderly the vegetarian elderly (especially men) have aged successfully with respect to cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, vegetarian elderly are at a higher risk for a marginal iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 status. Although several vegetarian elderly showed low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma and many had low values of 24-hr urine volume (per kg body weight), these values are not likely the result of a vegetarian diet per se. It is concluded that, although some nutrition-related risks are prevalent among vegetarian elderly, these risks can probably be prevented by lifestyle changes.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1990

Methionine-enkephalin in migraine and tension headache. Differences between classic migraine, common migraine and tension headache, and changes during attacks.

We measured methionine-enkephalin (MET) in platelets and platelet-poor-plasma of drug-free patients with classic migraine, common migraine or tension headache (TH). Migraineurs were studied both between and during attacks. TH patients were characterized by low platelet-MET and high plasma-MET levels, whereas migraine patients showed high platelet-MET and reduced plasma-MET levels. During migraine attacks both platelet and plasma-MET concentrations increased considerably. We suggest that determination of MET levels in platelets and plasma may be a useful marker to discriminate between TH and common migraine. The rise in MET during attacks may be directed against the ictal increase of serotonin.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

A comparative and longitudinal study on endocrine changes related to ovarian function in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Screening of androgens and estrogens in blood and a GnRH test were performed in 20 female patients with anorexia nervosa and in 10 lean and 10 normal weight healthy control subjects. Both control groups had regular ovulatory menstrual cycles. The investigation was performed in the mid-follicular phase. Several variables showed significant differences between the groups; the levels of PRL, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, and LH were lowest in the patients with anorexia nervosa. The lean control group showed intermediate values for progesterone, androstenedione, and, to a smaller extent, testosterone. The FSH response to GnRH was significantly higher in the patient group, corresponding to the pattern of late prepubertal girls. Ten patients were seen in a follow-up study. Five had resumption of the menstrual cycle, and the others still had amenorrhea. The two subgroups did not differ in either weight gain or the basal hormonal variables investigated. After weight gain an increased LH response to GnRH was observed in both subgroups. Patients who had resumption of the menstrual cycle showed a higher response of LH to GnRH, both before and after weight gain. The mean increase in LH after GnRH administration was significantly different between the two subgroups. The results suggest that the GnRH test may be useful to assess the stage of the disease and to predict the outcome, especially with regard to restoration of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neuroexcitatory plasma amino acids are elevated in migraine.

To investigate the role of glutamic (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) in migraine, we measured the plasma amino acids in migraine patients with and without aura, between and during attacks, and compared the profiles with the plasma amino acid profiles of tension headache patients and healthy controls. Between attacks, migraineurs (notably with aura) had substantially higher plasma Glu and Asp levels than did controls and tension headache patients. In addition, patients with migraine without aura showed low plasma histidine levels. During migraine attacks, Glu (and to a lesser extent Asp) levels were even further increased. The results suggest a defective cellular reuptake mechanism for Glu and Asp in migraineurs, and we hypothesize a similar defect at the neuronal/glial cell level, predisposing the brain of migraineurs to develop spreading depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes.

The hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes were investigated. Blood was collected at slaughter and postmortem examination was performed to select healthy swine and swine with pleuritis, pneumonia or abscesses. In healthy swine, the values of several variables revealed significant differences between gilts, barrows and boars. This was caused predominantly by the values obtained for boars. Inflammatory processes altered the values of most variables investigated, particularly for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and hematocrit, for the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and for concentrations of iron, phosphate, albumin and fibrinogen in plasma. Compared with healthy swine, differences were largest for swine with metastatic abscesses and swine with both abscesses and other pathological lesions; differences were less pronounced in swine with solitary abscesses and were minor in swine with pneumonia and swine with pleuritis. Porcine hematological and clinicochemical profiles reflect the degree of inflammation.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[A study of the relationship between blood pressure and mineral intake in elderly Dutch subjects].

In a nationwide survey among 530 apparently healthy elderly people, aged 65-79 years, the prevalence of hypertension was 58% in males and 68% in females. About 40% of them had no medical antihypertensive treatment. After exclusion of subjects on antihypertensive medication or on a prescribed diet, the energy, fat, alcohol, potassium and calcium intake, the sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium excretion in the 24-hour urine and the Quetelet Index of normotensive elderly were compared with those of hypertensive elderly. Hypertensive males had a higher sodium:potassium ratio and a lower potassium:creatinine ratio in the 24-hour urine. Hypertensive females had a higher calcium excretion. No differences were observed between normotensive and hypertensive elderly in the mineral intake, whereas there were some differences in mineral excretions with the urine. The correlations of the mineral excretions with the creatinine clearance proved to be stronger among hypertensives. This might indicate a lower bioavailability and (or) aberrant metabolism of minerals (especially calcium in hypertensive women and potassium in hypertensive men).

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of virus infected cell cultures by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

The supernatants of Vero cell cultures after infection with a herpes simplex virus or a poliomyelitis virus as well as a blank were analysed by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Py/DCI MS). Informative pyrogrammes were obtained and used for characterization of viral proteins by applying pattern recognition methods. Differentiation of viral proteins was evaluated by analysing 'blind' samples. Herpes viruses could be classified correctly but the observed differences between the blank and the polio virus supernatants were too small for reliable classification of the polio viruses. Purification of the samples seems to be a prerequisite for further studies. The potential value of Py/DCI MS as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic method for viral meningoencephalitis is stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Release of platelet Met-enkephalin, but not serotonin, in migraine. A platelet response unique to migraine patients?

Plasma-induced release of platelet-serotonin and Met-enkephalin was studied by incubating platelets from migraineurs, tension headache patients and healthy volunteers with water, plasma collected during migraine attacks and with plasma collected during attack-free periods. Migraine-attack plasma, but not migraine attack-free plasma, released Met-enkephalin from platelets of migraineurs. Platelets of healthy controls or tension headache sufferers did not release their Met-enkephalin in response to either incubation medium. In contrast to Met-enkephalin, serotonin was not released from platelets in relevant quantities by migraine-attack plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Direct chemical ionization-mass spectrometric profiling of urine in premenstrual syndrome.

In search of the pathophysiological background of premenstrual syndrome, direct chemical ionization-mass spectrometric profiling was applied to urine samples from 17 patients and 18 control subjects, collected on days 11 and 25 of the menstrual cycle. Oestrogenic compounds and hippuric acid were found to be involved in differences between these groups. Quotient profiles calculated for each subject from their profiles of days 11 and 25 showed cycle day-dependent group differences. Masses accounting for these differences between patients and control subjects indicate the involvement of unsaturated heterocyclic compounds in premenstrual syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Biogenic amine metabolites in human CSF after hypoxia due to cardiac arrest.

The concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were determined in CSF of patients with hypoxia due to circulatory arrest. Patients were divided into neurologically disabled and recovered according to the Glasgow Coma Scale. CSF was collected 4, 28, 76 and 172 h after commencement of resuscitation and once from control patients subjected to spinal anaesthesia. The initial concentrations of MHPG, 5-HIAA and HVA were significantly higher in a subgroup of neurologically disabled patients who died within 76 h. In recovered patients the concentration of MHPG declined with time to the value of the control group, whereas it increased in neurologically disabled patients. In the latter group the concentration of 5-HIAA also showed an increase with time, whereas in recovered patients it declined after an initial rise. It is concluded that high concentrations of MHPG, 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF may be prognostic for hypoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Serotonin metabolism in migraine.

To investigate systemic serotonin (5-HT) metabolism in migraine, we determined platelet and platelet-free plasma concentrations of 5-HT, its precursors tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), as well as the activities of the platelet enzymes monoamine oxidase and phenolsulfotransferase in classic and common migraineurs. Between attacks, migraineurs had lower plasma 5-HT and higher 5-HIAA levels than did healthy controls and patients with tension headache. During migraine attacks, plasma 5-HT levels were substantially higher than during attack-free periods, while 5-HIAA concentrations and platelet enzyme activities were lower. Platelet 5-HT was reduced only during common, but not classic, migraine attacks. We hypothesize that systemic 5-HT metabolism is enhanced in migraineurs during headache-free periods and transiently decreases during attacks, presumably due to a fall in enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, platelet behavior differs during migraine attacks with and without aura, and release of platelet 5-HT cannot (exclusively) be held accountable for the rise of plasma 5-HT during migraine attacks.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗