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Biomedical subjects

J Oates

Publications and source records attributed to J Oates.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diagnostic and management dilemmas in a patient with tracheal trauma.

A patient with a foreign body penetrating the neck and chest was found to have physical signs which were consistent with serious tracheal injury and included a large movement of air through the lower part of the neck. The subsequent management of the patient and the difficult problem of securing an airway are described. At operation, the tracheal damage was found to be less severe than anticipated and the observed air flow was a result of penetration of the foreign body into the pleural cavity. The management of the patient is discussed and the potential for misinterpretation of the physical signs in this type of trauma is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tumors of the minor salivary glands.

Ten to 15% of all salivary gland tumors arise from the minor salivary glands, which are distributed throughout the upper aerodigestive tract. Most of these tumors occur in the oral cavity, and there is a much higher incidence of malignancy than is the case with the major salivary glands. The pathologic appearance, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of minor salivary gland tumors are discussed. Particular reference is made to the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in improving the control rate after surgical excision.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Salivary disease in childhood.

Salivary disease in childhood is uncommon. Clinical features are much the same as in adult disease, however, congenital, inflammation, and functional disease is more common. Management is governed by the same general principles in all age groups. Congenital abnormalities are rare. Inflammation, either bacterial or viral, is the most common disease. Chronic sialadenitis usually resolves at puberty. Neoplasia is rare, and the majority of tumors are benign and occur in the parotid gland. Malignancy is suggested by rapid growth, pain, skin fixation, and lymphadenopathy. Surgical treatment of sialorrhea should only be considered after careful assessment. Relocation of the submandibular ducts is the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Young's syndrome (a case report).

A case of Young's syndrome is described presenting with obstructive azoospermia, sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. It is essential to examine ciliary function and ultrastructure in order to make this diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management ENT of patients.

Aspirates were obtained from 142 masses in 120 patients who presented with palpable swellings in the head and neck region. 120 specimens (84.51 per cent) were adequate for diagnostic purposes and the remaining 22 (15.49 per cent) were unsatisfactory. Final diagnosis was based on resection histology in 87 cases and close clinical follow-up in 55 patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity including unsatisfactory aspirates was 81.37 per cent and 93 per cent respectively (if the technically inadequate specimens were deleted 98.81 per cent and 94.44 per cent). In comparison with the final diagnosis typing of malignant tumours was possible in 58.33 per cent. The correct diagnosis was made in 63.89 per cent of benign lesions.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative analysis of the tomographic thallium-201 myocardial bullseye display: critical role of correcting for patient motion.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial 201TI imaging appears to offer major improvements over planar imaging. Quantitative analysis of the 201TI images appears to offer major advantages over subjective analysis in planar imaging, but the three-dimensional data available in SPECT images requires special approaches to analysis and display. Thus the myocardial "bullseye" display was developed to summarize and analyze the three-dimensional images of the left ventricle in two dimensions. The relative 201TI distribution to each region of the left ventricle of an individual patient can be displayed as the number of s.d.s away from normal that the region falls. We found that patient motion during the 22 min required for SPECT imaging appeared to produce artifactual defects. Thus, computer programs were developed to quantitate motion between consecutive frames of a [201TI] SPECT myocardial imaging study, simulate nonreturning vertical motion in normal patients, and correct the acquired data for motion. Motion as small as 0.5-1.0 pixel (3-6 mm) in the vertical (axial) direction caused artifactual defects in the quantitative bullseye display that resulted in a false-positive rate of up to 40% for a +1.0 pixel shift. Patient motion of magnitude greater than the threshold value for artifact-production (0.5 pixel) occurred at a rate of 10%, and should be corrected before tomographic reconstruction.

Heart↗
PubMed1987

Use of cross-correlation function to detect patient motion during SPECT imaging.

We have developed a procedure to detect patient motion during a tomographic acquisition. The method uses frame-to-frame cross-correlation functions of the summed profiles in the vertical and horizontal directions of the planar images. The quantitative output derived from examination of the variation of the change in the pixel value, corresponding to the maximum of the cross-correlation function at each view, provides an effective and nonsubjective means of performing quality control on the presence and amount of movement during a single photon emission computed tomographic scan. In contrast to cine mode and sinogram display, easy to interpret hard copy can be generated through this procedure.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Structural analysis of the major urinary oligosaccharides in feline alpha-mannosidosis.

Two homologous series of urinary oligosaccharides were identified by h.p.l.c. and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry in feline alpha-mannosidosis. The predominant series has the composition Man2-8GlcNAc2 and a minor series the composition Man2-9GlcNAc. The structure of the most abundant oligosaccharide, which accounts for over 80% of the urinary oligosaccharide, was shown to be alpha-D-Manp(1----3)[alpha-D-Manp-(1----6)]beta-D-Manp -(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNA c-(1----4)-D-GlcNAc by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Such a structure is consistent with the incomplete catabolism of complex N-linked glycans due to a deficiency of alpha-D-mannosidase in tissue lacking an endohexosaminidase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Co-inheritance of the polymorphic metabolism of encainide and debrisoquin.

O-demethylation of the investigational antiarrhythmic encainide was found to be correlated with the genetically determined hydroxylation of debrisoquin in 20 randomly selected and unrelated subjects and in five members of one family. Extensive metabolizers of debrisoquin had a mean (+/- SD) encainide elimination t1/2 of 1.19 +/- 0.98 hours (range 0.25 to 3.4 hours). Poor metabolizers of debrisoquin (two normal subjects and three family members) had a mean t1/2 of 13.2 +/- 0.73 hours (range 7.8 to 22.4 hours). The elimination rate constant of encainide and the fractional excretion of O-desmethyl encainide in urine were linearly related to the fractional urinary excretion of 4-hydroxy-debrisoquin. Poor metabolizers could be identified after a 50 mg dose of encainide by the fractional excretion of O-desmethyl encainide in urine or the absence of (1) measurable ECG changes or (2) O-desmethyl encainide in plasma. The correlation between excretion of O-desmethyl encainide and 4-hydroxy-debrisoquin suggests that significant numbers of the caucasian population (7% to 9%) are likely to be poor metabolizers of encainide and to have markedly different pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration-response relationships than extensive metabolizers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

The enterobacterial common-antigen, a cyclic polysaccharide.

Structural studies of the enterobacterial common-antigen, using chemical methods and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, indicate that it is a cyclic polysaccharide, composed of four, five, and, to a smaller extent, six trisaccharide repeating-units. In the structure of the antigen, given below, D-Fuc4NAc stands for 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

The enzymic defect and storage products in canine fucosidosis.

A marked deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase and the accumulation of fucose-containing glycoasparagines were found in the brains of two English Springer spaniels suffering from a progressive nervous disorder. Both forms of alpha-L-fucosidase in normal brain, which are separable by ion-exchange chromatography, are absent from the affected animals. The storage products were characterized by t.l.c., gel filtration, g.l.c. and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. The postulated structures of the main components are: (formula; see text) The enzymic defect and nature of storage products justify designation of this disorder as canine fucosidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Role of the gut flora in the reduction of sulfinpyrazone in humans.

Peak plasma concentrations of sulfinpyrazone occurred about 2 h after administration of a single oral dose (200 mg tablet) to 11 normal volunteers. In contrast, the peak concentrations of the active sulfide metabolite occurred 15 h after dosing. Concurrent oral administration of metoclopramide with sulfinpyrazone resulted in a 4-fold decrease in the time to peak sulfide concentrations and a 3-fold increase in the amounts formed. A slow release formulation showed a low, variable bioavailability, but the proportion of sulfide was 3-fold higher based on the ratio of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of the sulfide to that of the parent compound. Intravenous administration of sulfinpyrazone demonstrated that the tablets had a high bioavailability (about 90%), and the time to peak plasma concentration of the sulfide and the amount formed were similar to those seen after oral administration. Patients who had undergone surgical removal of the distal part of the intestine had normal plasma concentrations of sulfinpyrazone, but negligible amounts of the sulfide, after oral administration of sulfinpyrazone. The ileostomy effluent of such patients showed little ability to reduce sulfinpyrazone in vitro, in contrast to the extensive reduction detected with normal feces. These data demonstrate that the hind gut microflora are the principal and possibly the only site of reduction of sulfinpyrazone to its active sulfide metabolite in humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of acute abscesses in the casualty department.

In the treatment of acute pyogenic soft-tissue abscess incision, curettage, and primary suture was compared with incision and drainage alone in a randomised prospective trial. Operations were performed under antibiotic cover by casualty officers, and patients were reviewed by an independent observer in a septic dressing clinic. Altogether 114 patients were studied, of whom 54 were treated by curettage and primary suture and 60 by simple drainage. The mean healing time was 8.9 days in those treated by primary suture and 7.8 days in those treated by simple drainage (p less than 0.05). Primary healing failed to occur in 19 (35%) of the sutured wounds, but there were no other complications in either group. It is concluded that incision and drainage alone is adequate treatment for acute soft-tissue abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

The accuracy of Masson's trichrome stain in predicting the presence or absence of glomerular immune complexes.

The accuracy of Masson's trichrome stain to predict the presence of immune complexes was determined in 63 renal biopsies. When immunofluorescence was defined as the reference method, the histologic method correctly predicted the presence or absence of deposits in 70% of biopsy specimens, while electron microscopy was accurate in 79% of specimens. This difference was not statistically significant. The commonest error in our assessment of the Masson's trichrome-stained specimens was the erroneous interpretation of specimens showing minimal change nephropathy or ischemic glomerulopathy by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. This resulted in a falsely positive diagnosis of one or another of the glomerulonephritides in 13% of cases. Thus, the routine study of renal biopsies with Masson's trichrome stain is clearly useful and should be applied with caution, but it does not replace electron-microscopic and immunofluorescence studies.

Adolescent↗