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Biomedical subjects

J O'Brien

Publications and source records attributed to J O'Brien.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effect of levamisole on metabolism of phagocytic cells.

The effect of levamisole (LMS) on glucose metabolism was studied using a protozoan phagocytic model and human leukocytes. At concentrations of greater than 10 microgram/ml, LMS inhibited glucose metabolism in the protozoan phagocytic model. Glucose metabolism in both the phagocytic model and normal peripheral blood leukocytes was, however, minimally altered when exposed to levels of LMS of less than 10 microgram/ml. In contrast, myeloblasts from a child with leukemia seemed to have increased metabolic activity and 5 microgram/ml of LMS markedly reduced the glucose metabolism. These preliminary studies suggest that LMS can alter glucose metabolism of certain cells and that some malignant cells may be directly inhibited metabolically by LMS.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Reactions and serologic responses after administration of inactivated monovalent influenza A/swine virus vaccines. I. Immunization of children and adults with influenza A/Shope virus vaccines.

Reactivity and immunogenicity of three inactivated, zonally purified, monovalent influenza A/swine virus vaccines were studied in children and adults. Each dose of vaccine contained either 400 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units/0.5 ml or 200 CCA units/0.25 ml. The vaccines contained either whole virus or ether-extracted, subunit virus with or without 1.5 mg of A1PO4/0.5 ml. Children younger than 10 years of age received a half dose. Substantial system reactions, including temperature increases of 2.2 F-4.9 F, were observed in all children who received whole-virus vaccines. In contrast, ether-extracted, subunit vaccines (with or without A1PO4) were minimally pyrogenic in 185 subjects. Two doses of subunit vaccine in subjects younger than 25 years of age were immunologically equivalent to a single dose in older subjects. We concluded that two doses of ether-extracted, subunit virus vaccine with Hsw1N1 antigen, administered at least four weeks apart, are serologically effective for immunization of seronegative subjects of any age and that this dosage regimen should be used in young children in whom whole-virus vaccines are unacceptably reactive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Reactions and serologic responses after administration of inactivated monovalent influenza A/swine virus vaccines. II. Immunization of children with influenza A/New Jersey/X-53 virus vaccines.

Reactivity and immunogenicity of two inactivated, zonally purified, ether-extracted, influenza A/New Jersey/X-53 subunit virus vaccines were studied in 103 children three to 18 years of age. Children aged nine years of younger received doses of 100 or 200 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units, and those older than nine years received doses of 200 or 400 CCA units. Vaccines were given intramuscularly. Two doses were given at intervals of four weeks. The vaccines were minimally pyrogenic, causing only two instances of temperatures of greater than 100.0 F. Other systemic reactions were observed infrequently. Tenderness at the site of injection occurred relatively frequently but was of no medical consequence. The geometric mean titers of homologous antibody, which ranged from 1:52 to 1:75 after administration of two doses, were statistically equivalent in all treatment groups. Titers of antibody of greater than or equal to 1:40 to the influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 virus strain were achieved by 88% of the vaccinees. We concluded that two doses of ether-extracted, subunit influenza A/New Jersey/X-53 virus vaccine were well tolerated and, when given at least four weeks apart, were serologically effective for immunization of children aged three to 18 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Lecithin/spingomyelin ratio procedure by thin-layer chromatography.

We assessed several modifications of thin-layer chromatography for evaluation of amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios. For a procedure which is reliable, economical, and easy to perform, we preferred laboratory-prepared plates using SI-LICAR TLC-7GF. For spot detection, we preferred the iodine vapor method.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

HL-A groups in pernicious anaemia.

There is a significant association with HL-A3 type and pernicious anaemia. In addition there is a negative association with HL-A2. There is no association between HL-A type and the presence or absence of immunity to intrinsic factor.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1975

Adrenoleukodystrophy. Electron microscopic findings.

Ultrastructural and neurochemical studies were done on three male patients with adrenoleukodystrophy. In each case, the affected white matter contained enlarged glial cells filled with pathognomic intracytoplasmic inclusions consisting of electron-lucent spicules bounded by 25-Angstrom wide membranes. Similar inclusions were present in adrenocortical cells. These findings and a review of 47 reported cases indicate that adrenoleukodystrophy is a storage disorder caused by a sex-linked recessive error of metabolism.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1975

Growth and mineral metabolism in very low birth weight infants. I. Comparison of the effects of two modes of NaHCO3 treatment of late metabolic acidosis.

Twenty-six infants weighing less than 1,300 g at birth were divided into pairs according to birth weight (900-1,100 and 1,101-1,300 g) and gestational age ("appropriate" (AGA) = mean 31 weeks; and "small" (SGA) = mean 34 weeks). One member of the pairs was then allocated randomly to one of two treatment regimens with oral sodium bicarbonate. Group A was treated whenever base excess was greater than -8mEq/liter as detected on twice weekly testing and/or when suspected to be acidotic from failure to gain weight. In group B, base excess was maintained within 1 SD of normal (-3.2 +/- 1.7 mEq/liter). The infants received Enfalac 200 ml/kg/24 hr, at 67 cal/100 ml, with vitamin D 400 IU/24 hr added from age 2 weeks. The following measurements were made: daily weight, weekly length, skinfold thickness, head circumference, twice weekly blood pH, PaCO2, base excess, and weekly plasma total calcium, ionic calcium, total magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, and total protein. There were six pairs of each of AGA and SGA infants and two unpaired group A infants. Weekly weight gains did not differ between group A and group B or between AGA and SGA. Length increment was greater in AGA than in SGA babies (0.94 +/- 0.02 vs 0.85 +/- 0.04 cm/week) but not significantly so (P less than 0.1), and in group B babies compared to group A babies (0.973 +/- 0.029 vs 0.83 +/- 0.037 cm/week) (P less than 0.01). Plasma pH was lower in group A (7.23 +/- 0.02) than in group B (7.30 +/- 0.02) and calcium ion activity higher (group A 2.72 +/- 0.04; group B 2.51 +/- 0.06 mEq/liter) between ages 20 and 29 days. Plasma magnesium was higher in group A (1.77 +/- 0.04 mEq/liter) than in group B (1.56 +/- 0.06 mEq/liter) from age 20 to 39 days. Inorganic phosphorus concentrations were consistently higher in group A than in group B, but the differences did not reach significance. Mean total protein concentrations did not rise above 4.5 g/100 ml and tended to be higher in babies of group A than of group B. Bone age was retarded in all babies. Radiographs available for 7 of 13 SGA infants were normal, whereas 6 of 11 radiographs of AGA babies showed some osteoporotic changes.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1975

Spontaneous laryngeal disease in the canine.

This report describes the type and incidence of spontaneous laryngeal disease in the dog. Signs of laryngeal disease are similar to those in other species. Dogs are usually presented with inspiratory obstructive dyspnea or stridor, since earlier signs are often missed. Severe, congenital abnormalities may occur unrecognized due to neonatal death. Subtle anomalies are seldom presented. Congenital paralysis of the laryngeal musculature has been seen in the Bouvier des Flandres and the Siberian Husky. Laryngeal obstruction occurs commonly in brachycephalic dogs (Bulldog, Boxer, Boston Terrier, Pug, Pikingese). The forshortened nasal cavity and pharynx result in reduced airway space. The result is inspiratory obstruction varying from noisy respiration to severe obstruction with cyanosis and syncope. Everted laryngeal ventricles are most common in these dogs. Mild degrees of ventricular edema are common in small breed dogs with lower respiratory disease and in field-trial Beagles due to voice abuse. Traumatic injuries to the larynx and hyoid apparatus are not rare. Bite wounds from dog fights are the most common cause. Compression fractures are rare, but injuries associated with shearing stresses, due to being shcken by the neck cause airway obstruction. These types of injuries include avulsion of the aryepiglottic folds, longitudinal tearing of the epiglottis, arytenoid displacement, hyo-laryngeal separation, and laryngotracheal separation. Delayed signs of recurrent nerve damage are common in severe laryngotracheal injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Methyl iodide intoxication. A case report.

A 41-year-old chemist developed methyl iodide intoxication. His case is presented with a review of pertinent literature. Characteristics of the poisoning include a delay between exposure and onset of symptoms; early systemic toxicity with congestive changes in the lungs and oliguric renal failure; prominent cerebellar and Parkinsonian neurologic symptoms as well as seizures and coma in severe cases; and psychiatric disturbances that can last from months to years. Although methyl iodide is a rare form of intoxicant, its manifestations are similar to that of poisoning with the other monohalomethanes that are not uncommon.

Adult↗