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Biomedical subjects

J O Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J O Moore.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Estrogen receptor determination in percutaneous bone marrow biopsies of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Estrogen receptor determination in metastatic breast cancer has been shown to be important in determining potential for response to endocrine therapy. One limitation to this procedure can be the availability of neoplastic material for receptor assay. This report describes patients in whom estrogen receptor status was determined using malignant cells obtained through routine posterior iliac crest bone marrow biopsy. The ability to obtain receptor data from percutaneous bone marrow biopsy specimens has proved to be of important in patients in whom other sites involved with tumor were not accessible.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Autologous marrow transplantation for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia--a preliminary report.

Twelve consecutive adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia have been entered on a treatment protocol which examines the role of "remission-intensification" during maintenance using high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous remission marrow transplantation. Nine patients have achieved complete remission: 5/9 patients have had remission marrow stored followed by high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous marrow transfusion; two patients were removed from study because of excessive toxicity during remission-induction precluding high-dose therapy; two patients are currently ready for marrow storage; and two patients are receiving remission-induction therapy. Of the five transplanted patients, four experienced excellent return of blood counts and one patient has had prolonged pancytopenia and continues to require red cell and platelet transfusions. There have been no serious infectious or hemorrhagic problems associated with post-transplant period in any of the patients. Autologous remission bone marrow transplantation following lethal high-dose chemoradiotherapy results in effective restoration of normal hemopoiesis, is associated with acceptable toxicity and may be an effective means of increasing the numbers of acute leukemia patients having long-term complete remission.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1979

Leukopheresis therapy of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukemia).

Intensive leukopheresis has been valuable in the short-term palliation of chronic lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemias. A 47-yr-old man with refractory leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukemia) manifested by anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated peripheral leukemia cell counts, generalized lymph node enlargement, and leukemic infiltrative skin disease was treated with serial leukopheresis. Removal of approximately 7 X 10(11) peripheral leukemia cells resulted in marked clinical and hematologic improvement with resolution of enlarged lymph nodes and clearing of skin infiltrates. At the time of this reporting, more than 400 wk since the last leukopheresis, the patient continues to do well. The improvement in all blood counts, reduction in lymph node size, and clearing of skin lesions paralleled the reduction of peripheral leukemia cell load by leukopheresis, suggesting mobilization of leukemia cells from marrow, lymph nodes, and skin. Removal of large numbers of leukemia cells in hairy cell leukemia has the potential of achieving sustained clinical improvement and may be a useful alternative therapy for these patients.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Facilitated light microscopic cytochemical diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Hydroperoxidase-positive Phi bodies and rods are much more prominent and prevalent than rods visualized with a Romanovsky-type stain (Auer rods) in immature leukocytes of patients with active acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). They are readily observed with the light microscope in peripheral blood or marrow films of AML patients stained to show their peroxidatic activity. In many of these patients, Auer rods, which apparently constitute only a small subpopulation of the hydroperoxidase-positive Phi bodies and rods, were detected with difficulty, if at all. The hydroperoxidase-positive Phi bodies and rods were observed in 92% of 36 patients with active disease. They were never observed in leukocytes of patients with other hematopoietic disorders or of normal individuals. Thus, they facilitated the distinction of AML from acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis. They were absent in full clinical remission after chemotherapy and were greatly diminished in partial remission. They were present in disease relapse and reappeared in five patients who had been in full remission. These results suggest that these hydroperoxidase-positive enlarged particles are pathognomonic of AML and that monitoring them with the light microscope may aid in guiding its clinical management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Detection of both T-cell and Ia-like antigens on cells from patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis.

Appropriately absorbed antisera to the lymphoblastoid cell lines HSB and SB detect a human T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (TLAA) and the human Ia-like antigens, respectively. Cells from some patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis expressed both TLAA and Ia antigens when tested in a complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assay (greater than 90% lysis with both antisera). When patients were in remission, expression of TLAA and Ia antigens returned to normal values. Quantitative absorption of anti-TLAA serum with increasing numbers of AMML cells showed that these cells could remove reactivity of the serum for both HSB and human thymocytes. Similarly, absorption of anti-Ia serum with AMML cells removed all serological reactivity when this serum was tested on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells or normal B-cells. These serological findings were confirmed by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies using radiolabeled antigens. Cells from an AMML patient were labeled with 125I using lactoperoxidase; both the TLAA and Ia antigens were precipitated from the resulting solubilized membrane preparation. Leukemic cells from one AMML patient and one patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis were studied for Ia and TLAA antigens with a double fluorescence technique. Over 80% of the cells showed dual fluorescence.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

The light microscopic demonstration of hydroperoxidase-positive Phi bodies and rods in leukocytes in acute myeloid leukemia.

Unique fusiform or spindle-shaped particles (Phi bodies) and rods with hydroperoxidase (catalase and/or peroxidase) activity are present in human granulocyte precursors only in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). These newly recognized particles are much more numerous and prominent than Auer rods. They may be rapidly and readily identified using the microscope in marrow or peripheral blood films when the procedures recommended in this paper for fixation, incubation for hydroperoxidase demonstration in 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB)/H2O2 medium, copper salt treatment and counterstaining (optional) with the Papanicolaou method are employed. Films prepared in the same manner but treated with benzidine/H2O2 medium for myeloperoxidase did not reveal these particles. We believe that Phi bodies are pathognomonic of AML since they are almost invariably present in AML patients with active disease. Their presence serves to distinguish AML from acute lymphocytic leukemia and from chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Since the particles disappear in disease remission and reappear upon relapse, the recommended procedure is not only useful in diagnosis but in guiding therapy. When a very rapid diagnosis is needed, it is not necessary to counterstain the preparations, but the nuclei, cytoplasm and plasmalemma can readily be observed in the granulocyte precursors when they are counterstained by the Papanicolaou method. This treatment does not diminish the clarity of the Phi bodies and rods which stain by virtue of their peroxidatic activity. This cytochemical diagnostic procedure should be considered for adoption by hematology laboratories.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1978

I and i antigens on normal and leukemic leukocytes.

Human leukocyte I and i antigens were quantitated using 125I labelled purified antibodies. Binding of these antibodies to leukocytes was dependent on reduced temperature. No significant difference in antigen content was observed between normal and leukemic myeloid leukocytes. B lymphocytes bound much greater amounts of both I and i antibodies than did T lymphocytes. Neoplastic lymphoid cells bound widely divergent amounts of both antibodies with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma cell leukemia cells binding much decreased amounts compared to normal lymphocytes. Cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia bound very large quantities of these antibodies in a cold dependent fashion. These elevated levels of binding were not due to nonspecific binding of IgM.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest type of leukemia seen in Western countries. It affects an older group of individuals than most other varieties of leukemia, and men more often than women, in a ratio of 2:1. The incidence of CLL is significantly increased in some families. In most instances, CLL is due to the overgrowth or accumulation of immunoglobulin producing B lymphocytes. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a common feature, and anomalous immunoglobulin components occur in 3 to 5% of patients. The early symptoms and signs of CLL include fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Fever, weight loss, and impairment of bone marrow function, with anemia, bleeding and susceptibility to infection are characteristic of severe or advanced disease. In the great majority of patients, the disease can be controlled for 6 to 10 or more years with simple regimens using chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, often in combination with prednisone. Radiotherapy and splenectomy are useful in some instances. The terminal phase of the disease is characterized by exacerbation or increasing severity of the leukemia and the development of opportunistic infections associated with immunodeficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Left axis deviation and left anterior hemiblock among 8,000 Japanese-American men.

Electrocardiographic patterns of left axis deviation and left anterior hemiblock, defined by a frontal plane QRS axis of minus 30 degrees to minus 44 degrees and minus 45 degrees to minus 90 degrees, respectively, with normal QRS duration, were found to be fairly common (2.6 and 1.5 percent, respectively) in a community population of 8,000 Japanese-American men aged 45 to 69 years. More than 60 percent of men with these electrocardiographic patterns had no other cardiovascular abnormalities, and the incidence of fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke in this group during observation periods of 3 to 6 years was not significantly different from that of control normal men. A significant association was found between these electrocardiographic patterns and the prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. However, the association of myocardial infarction with left anterior hemiblock appeared to be coincidental and was attributed largely to the similarity of the electrocardiographic manifestations of left anterior hemiblock and inferior wall myocardial infarction. Men with left axis deviation were fatter and had higher blood pressure than the control population. No such difference could be demonstrated for men with left anterior hemiblock although this group was significantly older than control subjects and men with left axis deviation. The results of our study suggest that there are qualitative differences between the causative mechanisms and clinical features of left axis deviation and those of left anterior hemiblock.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Disseminated aspergillosis in a renal transplant patient: Diagnostic difficulties re-emphasized.

An asymptomatic and radiographically occult lung abscess was the primary focus of infection in this case of fatal disseminated aspergillosis in a renal transplant recipient. Extensive neurological evaluation in response to a change in personality failed to reveal a brain abscess, which was the cause of death. This case illustrates the variability in presentations of aspergillosis and the continuing difficulties in diagnosing this infection in immunosuppressed patients.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of primary retroperitoneal malignancies.

The CT examinations and medical records of 33 patients with primary retroperitoneal malignancies were reviewed. Computed tomography findings were then compared with those from scans performed on 122 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who presented during the same time interval. Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms had three distinct CT appearances. Twenty-one patients (64%) had large soft tissue masses. Seven patients (21%) had masses with fatty density components, and five patients (15%) had tumors that were primarily of water attenuation. With the exception of those liposarcomas that contained recognizable fat, CT could not distinguish among the different cell types. Seventeen patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma had large dominant retroperitoneal soft tissue masses that resembled primary retroperitoneal malignancies. In most cases, however, CT was able to differentiate these tumor masses from primary retroperitoneal tumors. Although 19 of 20 sarcomas of soft tissue attenuation were heterogeneous, only six of the 17 lymphomas presenting as dominant masses had such an appearance. Computed tomography is extremely helpful in initially evaluating patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors and in assisting the surgeon in planning his or her approach by accurately defining tumor extent.

Adolescent↗