Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J O Klein

Publications and source records attributed to J O Klein.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Epidemiology, microbiology and management of otitis media.

Epidemiologic studies indicate that the maximum incidence of otitis media (OM) occurs 6 to 24 months of age. Features associated significantly with recurrent OM include sex (males greater than females), race (white greater than black) and having a sibling with recurrent OM. Persistence of middle ear effusion (MEE) following acute OM is frequent; 40% of children have MEE one month after onset of OM. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the most frequent organisms isolated from MEE of children with acute OM. Viruses and mycoplasma are uncommonly present in MEE. Therapy of acute OM includes antibiotics active against the two major organisms. Appropriate management of recurrent episodes of OM or persistent MEE is unclear but current studies include use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents and a multitype pneumococcal vaccine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Bacterial etiology of otitis media during the first six weeks of life.

Tympanocentesis was performed on 70 infants who had otitis media during the first six weeks of life. The bacteria isolated from their middle-ear effusions were Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 patients), Neisseria catarrhalis (11 patients), Hemophilus influenzae (ten patients), Enterobacteriaceae (four patients), Staphylococcus aureus (four patients), streptococci (groups A and B) (three patients), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two patients). Thirty patients (42.9%) had middle-ear effusions which did not contain pathogenic bacteria. Twenty-seven infants were followed for at least 12 months and 12 (44.4%) of these infants had six or more episodes of otitis media during the observation period. Further studies will be needed to establish the significance of middle-ear disease at this age and the role of therapy in improving its outcome.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

Outcome of unsuspected pneumococcemia in children not initially admitted to the hospital.

The records were reviewed of 97 episodes of unsuspected pneumococcemia in children not initially admitted to the hospital. Antimicrobial agents were prescribed at the first visit for 46 children; at the second visit 37 of them were improved and nine were not. No antimicrobial agents were prescribed at the first visit for 51; at the second visit 16 of these patients were improved and 35 were not. Pneumococcemia persisted in two treated children and in 13 untreated children. Meningitis was identified later in four children (two treated and two untreated). Although pneumococcemia in children may be a transient event, it may also persist or result in meningitis or other localized infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative inhibition of Haemophilus influenzae by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

We evaluated the inhibitory effect of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), alone and in combination, against 34 strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Growth inhibition was determined after incubation for 18 h by comparing viable counts of cultures in drug-containing medium with corresponding counts of control cultures in drug-free medium. In a modified, thymidine-deficient Levinthal broth, the numbers of colony-forming units of all the isolates tested were reduced 100-fold or more by TMP/SMZ (1.25/25 mug/ml) as compared with growth without drug. Inhibition was significantly greater with TMP/SMZ than with either TMP or SMZ alone. Ampicillin-susceptible and ampicillin-resistant strains were equally susceptible to TMP/SMZ. Growth of nontypable strains was inhibited more than growth of type b organisms.

Haemophilus influenzae↗
PubMed1976

Otitis media caused by non-typable, ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae.

Strains of Haemophilus influenzae, which did not belong to any of the known capsular serotypes and which were resistant in vitro to ampicillin, have been isolated from middle ear exudates of two children with otitis media. These children failed to improve with ampicillin therapy, and the resistant organisms persisted at the site of infection. Patients infected with such ampicillin-resistant organisms require therapy with antimicrobial agents which are not susceptible to degradation by penicillinase.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1976

Synergy of mecillinam (FL1060) with penicillins and cephalosporins against Proteus and Klebsiella, with observations on combinations with other antibiotics and against other bacterial species.

Thirty-five strains each of Klebsiella and Proteus were tested for susceptibility to mecillinam alone and in combination with ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, and cefazolin. Antibiotics were considered to be synergistic when there was a >/=fourfold reduction in minimum inhibiting concentration of both antibiotics in the combination as compared with that of each antibiotic alone. Synergy of mecillinam with ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, and cefazolin was demonstrated against 2, 3, 7, and 8 of the 35 strains of Klebsiella and against 14, 14, 19, and 24 of the 35 strains of Proteus, respectively. Synergy against the isolates of Proteus was related to species, whereas against Klebsiella it was related to susceptibility of the isolates to mecillinam. Tests of combinations of mecillinam with other antibiotics on the same and different species indicated that synergy was related to the antibiotic, the species, and the strains of organisms tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Susceptibility of various serogroups of streptococci to clindamycin and lincomycin.

The minimal inhibitory concentration of lincomycin and clindamycin for a large number of strains from multiple serogroups of streptococci was determined. The median minimal inhibitory concentration for streptococci from groups A, B, C, F, G, H, L, and M and nongroupable organisms ranged from 0.02 to 0.39 mug of lincomycin per ml and from </=0.01 to 0.09 mug of clindamycin per ml. Among the group D strains, Streptococcus faecium and Streptococcus faecalis were resistant to lincomycin and clindamycin, whereas Streptococcus bovis and four American strains of Streptococcus durans resembled nongroup D isolates in their susceptibility to these agents. Occasional strains of nongroup D streptococci were highly resistant to lincomycin and clindamycin.

Clindamycin↗