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Biomedical subjects

J O Haller

Publications and source records attributed to J O Haller.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pediatric AIDS. Neuroradiologic and neurodevelopmental findings.

A group of 23 pediatric patients seropositive for HIV antibody were studied by computed tomography and evaluated neurodevelopmentally. Significant neurodevelopmental delays were found in over 95% of the patients studied. CT findings in six patients were normal and thirteen of 23 (57%) had prominence of the CSF spaces. Less frequent findings included calcifications in the basal ganglia and white matter. Cerebral mass lesions included one case of lymphoma and one case of hemorrhage. The CT findings in the pediatric age group differs from the adult population in that contrast enhancing inflammatory mass lesions are uncommon.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Hirschsprung's disease, Ondine's curse, and neuroblastoma--manifestations of neurocristopathy.

The term neurocristopathy has been applied to the association of Hirschsprung's disease, Ondine's curse (Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome) and congenital neuroblastoma. Eight newborns with Hirschsprung's disease and Ondine's curse are discussed. Five of these have been seen by the authors. The remaining three patients are reported in the literature. In six of the infants (5 of ours, 1 from the literature) total colonic aganglionosis was found. Congenital neuroblastoma was present in two of the infants. In infants presenting with Hirschsprung's disease (especially of the long segment type) and breathing difficulties, the presence of a neurocristopathy should be considered.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Children with AIDS--is pathologic diagnosis possible based on chest radiographs?

In a review of the clinical, radiographic and pathologic data of 36 patients with AIDS we found 29 with pulmonary infections (Cytomegalic virus, Pneumocystis carinii, etc.) and 7 who had varying types of lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial changes on chest radiographs but did not have opportunistic infection. Pathologic diagnosis included lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, chronic interstitial pneumonitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and immunoblastic sarcoma. The chest X-rays were not predictive in making a specific diagnosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic sonography of the fetal genitourinary tract.

Fetal diagnosis has vastly improved over the last decade. Ultrasound has become the imaging modality of choice. As real-time equipment has improved technologically, the ability to deduce subtle abnormalities has greatly increased. The fetal genitourinary tract may be evaluated for renal dysplasias, anomalies, or obstruction. Points of obstruction and, at times, the exact cause of obstruction may be deduced. Abnormalities of the ureter, bladder, urethra, scrotum, or reproductive system can be detected. Early diagnosis allows for proper individual or family counseling for hereditable disorders and chromosomal abnormalities. The perinatology team can be alerted to an abnormality that may require early neonatal surgical or medical intervention. Early treatment can prevent significant deterioration of renal function. The possibilities of prenatal intervention may be considered.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

Pediatric urosonography: an update.

Improvements in ultrasound technology have brought marked changes in the work-up of common pediatric clinical problems. This paper reviews the impact of ultrasound on genitourinary problems in infants and children.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Neonatal duodenum: fluid-aided US examination.

In 261 infants with vomiting, 11 duodenal abnormalities were diagnosed with fluid-aided ultrasound (US). These abnormalities included duodenal obstruction, malrotation with and without associated volvulus, incomplete rotation, and duodenal stenosis. US was the initial modality used in the evaluation of vomiting in these neonates and young infants. The overall sensitivity and specificity of fluid-aided US evaluation of duodenal abnormalities were 100% and 99%, respectively. (Workup bias limits the reliability of these figures.) Fluid-aided US examination of the stomach and duodenum provided a dynamic view of duodenal rotation and anatomy, and at the very least provided a method of triaging those infants who may require surgery, upper gastrointestinal series, or follow-up US to make a definitive diagnosis.

Duodenal Obstruction↗
PubMed1987

Cohen ureteral reimplantation: sonographic appearance.

The sonographic records of 27 children who underwent a Cohen ureteroneocystostomy were reviewed. In 13 children (48%) sonograms demonstrated an echogenic, nonacoustically shadowing structure at or just above the trigone that was fixed in position within the bladder wall and covered by intact mucosa. This constellation of sonographic findings, which represent the submucosal segment of the reimplanted ureter, produces a "tunnel sign." Awareness of this appearance will enable the sonographer to better evaluate children who have undergone surgical procedures on the bladder.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasonic "double track" sign in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Ultrasound has been used in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis since the first reports of its use with contact B mode scanners. Real-time imaging has allowed measurements of pyloric diameter, length, and muscle wall thickness. Wall thickness measurements taken with the pylorus in longitudinal (elongated) view improve diagnostic accuracy. Fluid aided real-time examination of 10 cases showed the ultrasound equivalent of the "double track" sign. This finding is the result of pyloric fluid compressed into smaller tracks as it is impinged upon circumferentially by the thickened circular muscle. This sign, previously seen in barium studies, although nonspecific, may prove to be a sensitive diagnostic criterion.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Renal candidiasis of the infant: ultrasound evaluation.

Sonographic diagnosis of 3 cases of renal candidiasis led to early diagnosis and treatment. Echogenic densities within a dilated pyelocalyceal system appeared to be the classic finding for obstructing candidal bezoars or candidal pyonephrosis in the premature neonate. Sonography was useful in guiding diagnostic and therapeutic percutaneous nephrostomies of very premature (900 and 750 g) infants. The ultrasonic findings of moderate echogenicity within dilated collecting systems in premature infants suggest pyonephrosis. Candidiasis should be considered as a prime cause.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1985

Renal manifestations of Kawasaki's disease.

Renal sonographic evaluation of seven patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome were performed and correlated with clinical and laboratory data either supporting or not supporting renal disease associated with this entity. Four of seven patients demonstrated significant elevations of the BUN, creatinine and/or significant proteinuria. These four patients had renal sonographic findings of increased cortical echogenicity, enlarged kidneys and enhanced corticomedullary differentiation. This complication of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome has heretofore not been noted.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Imaging evaluation of traumatic hematuria in children.

The 3 major causes of traumatic hematuria in children are accidents, iatrogenic damage, and child abuse. While computerized tomography plays a major role in the evaluation of accidental trauma, ultrasound and routine radiography are important in the work-up of iatrogenic hematuria and injuries caused by child abuse. This paper reviews the role of these imaging modalities in diagnosing traumatic hematuria in children.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical and radiographic findings in children.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in childhood occurs so infrequently that it is not suspected in affected children until the disease has been present for a long time and local spreading has occurred. The survival rates are therefore quite poor. Six children with NPC are described. A massive local lymph node spread simulating lymphoma was present in half of the patients; in the other half the disease was more subtle, presenting with epistaxis and CNS involvement. If an evaluation of the nasopharynx were part of the initial physical examination in children, the diagnosis of NPC would be made earlier and survival rates would improve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pelvic masses in girls: an 8-year retrospective analysis stressing ultrasound as the prime imaging modality.

Pelvic masses in girls have been the subject of much discussion in the ultrasound-computerized tomography literature. Specifically, ultrasound has confirmed that cystic masses tend to be benign while solid masses are considered malignant until proven otherwise. Complex masses still remain an area of diagnostic difficulty and clinical data are essential in reaching a reasonable diagnosis. This paper reviews pediatric pelvic masses in girls and the role ultrasound plays in their evaluation.

Child↗