Biomedical subjects

J Nosko

Publications and source records attributed to J Nosko.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

The role of the School of Public Health at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in multidisciplinary training of physicians in occupational medicine.

The School of Public Health was opened on 30 June 1992 as an integral part of the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. The late Director General of the Institute, Professor Janusz A. Indulski (1930-1999) was its initiator and founder. The School of Public Health is a scientific, research and didactic unit of the Nofer Institute. It offers post-graduate studies in the areas of occupational medicine, work hygiene, public health, environmental health, organization and management of health care and health promotion. The opportunity for multidisciplinary education of specialists in occupational medicine lies in the fact that the didactic process organized by the School is based on the knowledge, experience and skills of the Institutes' research workers. Lectures are provided by 100 persons, including 22 professors, 6 assistant professors and over 50 doctors. The didactic team also includes outstanding national and international experts (WHO, OECD, IAAE, etc.). During the last five years, the number of students increased from 1200 in 1996 to over 2200 by the end of 2000.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗

PubMed2000

[De Morbis Artificium Diatriba by Bernardino Ramazzini (The tercentenary of the first addition)].

Three hundred years ago, the first edition of "De Morbis Artificium Diatriba", or considerations for occupational diseases in workers employed in manufactures and the arts--a fundamental work of Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) was published. In the work based on very thorough investigations carried out in groups of workers representing fifty two occupations, Ramazzini showed an overall picture of relationships between working conditions, health and disease. Each section of this work starts with a brief description of disability or health impairment induced by particular kind of job. This is followed by technical characteristics of working conditions, clinical aspects of a given occupational pathology, literature review and indications or regulations for combating existing diseases or preventing new ones. Interestingly, the size of first edition of the book published in 1700 was very small (18 cm in height) as it was intended to be a pocket book for practising doctors.

History, 16th Century↗

PubMed1999

[The collapse of the social order as a determinant of the changes in health behaviours of the Polish nobility in early 1900's: a new approach].

The role of the social order in determining the change or persistence of the health behaviours has been indicated. The effects of changes occurring in ethic standards of the elite after the downfall of the November Uprising, with special reference to personal hygiene and environmental pollution have been discussed. A surprising correlation between the critical opinions about slow adaptation of French and Polish populations to the recommendations of the hygiene and an opposite, favourable attitude in that respect during the first half of XIX century in England has been pointed out. A cautious explanation of the situation like that has been attempted. Quite probably, it is the frequent instances of social order collapse (loss of Poland's independence, revolutions in France, national uprising and radical systemic changes) which resulted in frequent changes of the elite and, according to the contemporary standards, were very effective in fostering behavioral patterns among the population. The changes of the elite caused that they were becoming more and more democratic. Consequently, behavioral elements of the population groups for whom clean body and environment had seldom been the first priority were included in the contemporary behavioral standards. The first priorities were: gain profits, stay in the market, improve living conditions, extend political freedom, preserve national integrity. The religious tradition which determined people's attitude toward their own bodies was also the same, and this was demonstrated by G. Vigarello to be somewhat of an obstacle in the adoption of the principles of hygiene. The above conclusions are highly hypothetical, and much more comprehensive studies are required to confirm them or deny.

History, 20th Century↗

PubMed1997

[The history of medicine and the history of public health].

The paper reports on the new phenomena which have occurred in the Western countries during recent three decades. The main stress has been put on the principles of methodology and the scope of the research involved in so-called social history of medicine, taking the U.S.A., France and Germany as the example. Research scope and methodological approach to the history of public health has been also discussed, using as an example G. Rosen's A History of Public Health and E. Fee's remarks on the work contained in its second (extended) edition. It has been concluded that the research workers dealing with the Polish history of medicine ought to assimilate the results of both research trends quoted above.

France↗

PubMed1996

[Style of living and health and wholesome ways of behaviour of Ignacy Krasicki (1735-1801)].

Basing on example of Ignacy Krasicki, the Bishop of Varmia (1766-1795) and the Archbishop of Gniezno (1795-1801) there has been an attempt made to show a relation between style of living and health and wholesome ways of behaviour, as the complex of issues, which can be a subject of research interest of historians of medicine. Ignacy Krasicki is treated in this case as a peculiar patient, embroiled in various processes of collective living after in the second half of XVIII century, for whom health has been an important value, but not that important to resign the life ambitions. However, to some extent. When stresor project undertaken in order to cross the next grade of career have threatened his health, he recommends "a small dose of resignation" and "a speck of philosophy". In stae of sickness one should obey doctors but the first of all should maintain a mental comfort, cheerfulness, good mood and trust about recovery. In hard life and health situations one should look for support in oneself, and if it does not help, one should trust Providence.

Health↗

PubMed1994

[Judaism and health].

Upon a close examination of the literature and the contents of the Bible and the Talmud it has been established that the Judaism is an example of a religious system whose norms played an important part in respect of health and contributed greatly to the improvement of health and prevention of diseases which is evident in the favourable death rate within the Jewish population.

Health↗

PubMed1993

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Historiography↗

PubMed1993

[The role of the industrial doctor in Germany].

A dynamic development of industry as well as of all other branches of the national economy in Germany which began during the second half of the nineteenth century gave birth to a new discipline called industrial health and established the role of an industrial doctor. One should remember, however, that a historically shaped social mechanism of relationship between departure from health, accidents at work or occupational disease among workers and related costs of compensations paid by employers had played in this regard the most important part. Therefore, since the beginning of the industrial era, the main responsibility of an industrial doctor employed in any industrial plant had been to provide a competent information on all causes of occupation-related health effects in order to avoid, among others, paying compensation allowances. Nowadays, according to the Act of 1973 on industrial doctors, occupational safety and hygiene engineers as well as other workers involved in occupational safety, an industrial doctor is employed by the Berufsgenosseschaft (employers' representative) and cooperates closely with an Enterprise Council (employees' representative) as well as with an industrial doctor of a given Land (state representative). His responsibilities for the sake of the employed (about 70% of his working time) embrace, among others, pre-employment examinations, periodical check-ups and examinations connected with the change of employment. His activities for the enterprise (about 30% of his working time) include advice and consultation on occupational safety and hygiene, first aid in case a work accident and supervision over the hygienic conditions in the enterprise.

Germany↗

PubMed1993

[Physical activity as a component of a health promotion program in the workplace].

In the developed countries targeted physical exercises performed under medical supervisions have become an integral part of health promotion programmes at work places. In Poland this type of activity has been just started. One of the main reasons for that is lack of professional literature and practical experience among occupational physicians. In this work the authors made an attempt to discuss generally organisational principles helpful in efforts to achieve more effective prevention and to promote health. It is somewhat a methodological guide which highlights the goals as well as related directions and tasks to be completed if a programme of physical activity designed by a physician is to be implemented. The authors also stress the role of individual involvement in developing such programmes and the necessity of providing appropriate conditions for voluntary participation in their implementation.

Community Participation↗

PubMed1992

[Health protection in the workplace in Germany (former Federal Republic of Germany) in 1973-1990].

1. In Germany health protection against injuries at work is distinctly separated from the general health care of the population. 2. Health protection at work includes: recognition, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation connected with occupational diseases as well as prevention of accidents at work. The total cost of this system including accident indemnities is covered by the employer. 3. The system of health care and safety at work within the enterprise comprises a coordinated activity of the physician inspector and a representative of the enterprise and the owner. 4. In big enterprises there is another system operating parallel to the one mentioned above: this system provide comprehensive health care. The costs are covered by contributions both on the paid of the employers and the employees.

Germany, West↗