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Biomedical subjects

J Noble

Publications and source records attributed to J Noble.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The value of skeletal scintigraphy in predicting the need for revision surgery in total knee replacement.

We have reviewed the results of 99mtech-netium-methylene diphosphonate (Tc-MDP) bone scintigrams performed on patients following total knee arthroplasty. In addition, 67gallium (Ga) citrate scintigrams were carried out sequentially on 29 patients. Three groups of patients were identified: those with asymptomatic knees (undergoing scans for other reasons); those with aseptic or septic loosening; and those with pain without radiologic evidence of loosening. There was good correlation between the results of the scans and the final outcome. We conclude that sequential 99mTc-MDP and 67Ga citrate scintigrams are useful for demonstrating the presence of aseptic and septic loosening in knee prostheses, and pain with a normal scan appearance is probably not due to loosening or infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary.

A range of selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors, piceatannol, methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate (MDC), genistein, psi-tectorigenin and lavendustin A, all reduced luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from pro-oestrous rat hemipituitaries incubated in vitro. In general, both 'initial' release and the augmented release resulting from LHRH self-priming, were reduced in parallel in a concentration-dependent fashion. The effects of piceatannol were independent of the steroidal status of the pituitary tissue. Both piceatannol and MDC greatly reduced LH release by ionomycin and a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), suggesting that the tyrosine kinase(s)-dependent step is in the later stages of the stimulus-secretion pathway activated by the LHRH receptor. These data were supported by immunoblots for phosphotyrosine showing that in the gonadotrope-derived alpha T3-1 cell line, treatment with LHRH caused piceatannol-sensitive increases in specific tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins (major bands at 65-75 and 120-130 kDa). Treatment of cells with PDBu mimicked the tyrosine phosphorylations evoked by LHRH whereas the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, partially reduced both LHRH- and PDBu-induced tyrosine phosphorylations. Direct effects of MDC and piceatannol on PKC were assessed in an in vitro PKC assay; piceatannol, but not MDC, inhibited PKC activity but at considerably higher concentrations than required for inhibition of LHRH-induced gonadotropin secretion. These data support a role for tyrosine kinase activation in LHRH-induced secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hypnotic sex change: creating and challenging a delusion in the laboratory.

The authors suggested a change of sex to virtuoso, high-hypnotizable, and low-hypnotizable simulating participants in an application of the real-simulating paradigm of hypnosis. The experiences of sex change that participants reported during hypnosis were challenged through procedures of contradiction and confrontation. Behavioral and self-report data indicated that virtuosos experienced a transient delusion about their sex that was compelling and resistant to challenge. Implications are discussed for investigations of delusion through the use of hypnosis in the laboratory and for understanding delusion in the clinical setting.

Delusions↗
PubMed1995

Predictors of unprotected male-to-male anal intercourse with casual partners in a national sample.

The focus of the paper is the predictors of unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners among a national Australian sample of homosexually active men. We interviewed by telephone 2583 homosexually active men (sex with a man within the last five years) about their sexual practice, type of sexual partners, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test status, attachment to the gay community, knowledge of HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a range of demographic variables. Logistic regression analyses were used to distinguish men who practised unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners from those who practised safe sex with casual partners. Men who practised unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners were less likely to have a regular male sexual partner than men who practised safe sex with their casual partners. They were less likely to be tertiary educated, more likely to be employed in trade and manual occupations and to live in Tasmania and the Northern Territory. They were less likely to be culturally or politically attached to the gay community. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS also distinguished the men: men with an accurate knowledge of HIV transmission were less likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse with their casual partners. Several other variables, including age and HIV test status, did not distinguish those who practised safe sex with casual partners from those who practised unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners.

Australia↗
PubMed1995

Patient and staff dosimetry in neuroradiological procedures.

Cerebral angiography provides valuable information for use in the clinical management of patients but can result in relatively high radiation doses to patients and staff due to the extended fluoroscopy time and number of images acquired during an examination. In this study, extremity doses to radiologists and scrub nurses working in a neuroradiological centre were monitored during a 3 month period using thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs). Electronic personal dosemeters were also used to monitor doses above the lead apron at chest height to the radiologists, radiographers and the scrub nurses. Patient doses were recorded using a dose-area product meter whilst patient thyroid dose was measured using TLDs. Two types of examination were studied: cerebral angiography and arterial embolization. It was deduced from the results of the study that the radiologist may expect to receive a mean dose above the lead apron at chest height of 11 microSv and 25 microSv per examination when performing cerebral angiography and arterial embolization, respectively. A radiologist mean hand dose of 19.3 microSv per examination was found, whilst the average eye dose for both radiologist and scrub nurse was 13.4 microSv per examination. The patient dosimetry results revealed a mean thyroid dose of 1.7 mSv and a dose-area product of 48.5 Gy cm2 for cerebral angiography. Average dose-area product for arterial embolization was 122.2 Gy cm2 along with a mean patient thyroid dose of 3.3 mSv. More detailed patient dosimetry was also performed using a Rando anthropomorphic phantom loaded with TLDs to measure organ doses and hence estimate effective dose. A typical four vessel angiogram was found to result in a patient effective dose of 3.6 mSv.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1995

An increase of neuropeptide Y but not nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerves in the bladder neck from male patients with bladder neck dyssynergia.

PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of neuropeptides in male patients with bladder neck dyssynergia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder neck tissue, obtained from male patients with bladder neck dyssynergia (BND) and control patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), was studied immunohistochemically for protein gene product 9.5 (a general neuronal marker), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, growth associated protein 43 and nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS: In the bladder neck from control patients, the greatest density of nerves contained protein gene product 9.5, followed in decreasing order by neuropeptide Y; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; calcitonin gene-related peptide; nitric oxide synthase; substance P and serotonin. The neuropeptides were found in the smooth muscle and were also associated with blood vessels. In patients with BND there was a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the density of protein gene product 9.5- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves in the smooth muscle and the base of the mucosa but not in blood vessels in the bladder neck, while the density of the other neuropeptides studied, nitric oxide synthase and serotonin did not significantly change from that of control tissue. Growth associated protein 43-immunoreactive nerves were absent from the bladder neck from both groups of patients. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the increase in density of protein gene product 9.5- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves, part of the sympathetic contractile system of the bladder neck, may exacerbate bladder outlet obstruction and thus play a role in the pathogenesis of BND.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transcriptional regulation of the PCNA promoter by p53.

We have examined the ability of p53 to affect transcription from the PCNA promoter in a number of cell types. In HeLa cells, p53 activates the PCNA promoter whereas in CV1, CHO, L929, and Saos-2 cells the same promoter is strongly repressed. By using stepwise deletions of the PCNA promoter, we have identified two potential regions of the promoter which are important for the ability of p53 to activate transcription in HeLa cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Arthroscopy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1994

The core content of a generalist curriculum for general internal medicine, family practice, and pediatrics.

The authors analyzed the educational content of the curricula developed for teaching in the generalist disciplines of pediatrics, family medicine, and general internal medicine. Fifteen educational components that constitute the core content shared by the three generalist disciplines are identified, described, and referenced. Tailoring the generalist curriculum for students and residents at the different stages of learning is reviewed, along with the refinement of the curriculum to meet the special needs of each generalist discipline. The success of a generalist curriculum will ultimately be measured by generalist career choices, quality of care, and both patient and professional satisfaction. The curricular determinants of success require institutional commitment to an educational philosophy that embraces the generalist disciplines, a core curriculum that provides education and training that are correlated with the demands of clinical practice, and generalist faculty who serve as role models, mentors, and teachers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Primary total knee arthroplasty in the elderly.

In a retrospective study, the authors investigated the outcome of primary total knee arthroplasty in patients aged 75 years or older. There is an increased risk of perioperative mortality and medical morbidity, but not surgical morbidity. The results were equal to the younger control group in terms of patient satisfaction, pain relief, stability, range of motion, residual degree of flexion contracture, and extension lag. Mobility was less impressive in the elderly group; factors included were ability to walk, use of walking aids, gait, ability to get out of a chair, and ability to climb stairs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Recurrent upper tract urothelial tumours: the use of loopography following cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Recurrent upper tract tumours following cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma are not uncommon. Conventional follow-up to identify preclinical recurrent disease often involves a combination of excretory urography and urine cytology. This study investigates the possible advantages of loopography in the follow-up of these patients. 41 patients who had undergone cystectomy and ileal loop diversion for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were studied. At the time of evaluation with a loopogram, eight out of 41 (19.5%) were symptomatic. Loopography was well tolerated by all of the patients with no reported side-effects or complications from the procedure. Six out of 41 (14.6%) of the loopograms demonstrated an abnormality with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma identified in two patients. In only one case was excretory urography necessary where a ureteric stricture prevented retrograde imaging of the upper tract. Loopography is a safe and well-tolerated investigation for the follow-up of these patients. Excretory urography should be reserved for cases where upper tract imaging is impaired because of obstruction within the loop or ureters.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Outcome after flap cover for exposed total knee arthroplasties. A report of 25 cases.

The long-term functional result of exposed total knee arthroplasty, treated by flap cover, is presented and the results compared with those of a randomly selected control group. The wound was successfully covered and the prosthesis was preserved in 76% of cases, but the final functional score was not as good as in those with primary wound healing.

Aged↗