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Biomedical subjects

J Noble

Publications and source records attributed to J Noble.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Accuracy of smallpox diagnosis by immunfluorescence with a purified conjugate.

A direct fluorescent-antibody test for smallpox is described which utilizes a conjugated antivaccinia serum that was purified by diethylaminoethyl fractionation. The purity of the conjugate was analyzed by density gradient centrifugation, and specific staining of smallpox and nonsmallpox specimens was measured quantitatively by a photovoltmeter. Variola elementary bodies were identified in all of the specimens of vesicular and pustular fluid collected from 50 smallpox patients, and no false-positive diagnoses were made on specimens from 27 patients with varicella or other nonpox viral exanthems. However, 63.8% of the specimens of vesicular and pustular fluid smeared on slides in the field were unusable because of bright nonspecific fluorescence. For this reason, the fluorescent-antibody test does not compare favorably with other routine laboratory tests for smallpox.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

A study of New and Old World monkeys to determine the likelihood of a simian reservoir of smallpox.

The author presents data indicating that three species of New World monkeys (Cebus apella, Ateles paniscus, Lagothrix lagothricha) are not susceptible to Brazilian variola minor. Although the number of animals tested was not large, no experimental evidence was obtained to suggest that these species could form a non-human reservoir for smallpox in the Western Hemisphere. The results also indicate that Cercopithecus aethiops are not very susceptible to infection with either variola major or minor. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests of sera from monkeys from South America, Africa and the Philippines failed to reveal significant levels of poxvirus antibody. Previous studies have shown that Macaca irus, although susceptible to experimental infection with variola major, are not able to maintain the infection for more than a few generations of disease. The author concludes that there is as yet no clear experimental, serological or epidemiological evidence to support the hypothesis that smallpox can exist in wild simian populations.

Africa↗
PubMed1969

Trsmission of smallpox by contact and by aerosol routes in Macaca irus.

Smallpox is believed not to occur naturally in species other than man. However, reports of several epizootics of an exanthematous disease, similar to smallpox, in wild monkeys have raised the question of a simian reservoir. If such a reservoir for smallpox exists, the eradication of this disease from the world would be a difficult or impossible task. Transmission of smallpox in Macaca irus has been studied to determine whether transmission occurs and if infection chains can be maintained by this species.Transmission was consistently accomplished by both contact and aerosol routes. In the contact transmission studies, the smallpox infection was maintained through 6 passages but was lost with the seventh passage. The virulence of the virus did not appear to increase as the virus was serially passed in monkeys. Continuing studies of the possible occurrence of smallpox and of monkeypox in simian populations are warranted.

Aerosols↗