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Biomedical subjects

J Ninane

Publications and source records attributed to J Ninane.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of lithium on diffusion chamber granulopoiesis.

We studied the effect of lithium on diffusion chamber (DC) granulopoiesis. When DC loaded with bone marrow cells were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice previously injected with lithium carbonate, more proliferative and nonproliferative granulocytes were produced as compared to DC implanted into control hosts. The number of DC CFU-c was increased significantly in the lithium-treated group, but there was no difference in the number of DC CFU-s. Levels of DC fluid CSF showed no evident correlation with DC myelopoiesis. These data suggest that a humoral factor other than CSF mediates the action of lithium in DC granulopoiesis, and that lithium's influence on DC hematopoietic stem cell proliferation occurs mainly at the CFU-c level.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Radioimmunodetection of primary and metastatic germ cell tumors containing alpha-fetoprotein.

Radioimmunodetection with an 131I anti-alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) has been performed in 5 patients with germ cell tumors. In 3 of them, 5 of 6 recognized or suspected tumor sites could be demonstrated. In 1 of these patients, a clinically non-apparent primary tumor was detected by this method. The 2 other patients had received intensive chemotherapy and had a persistent elevation of serum alpha FP, although usual paraclinical examinations were normal. In these patients, the labelled antibody scan did not show any abnormality. These results suggest that radioimmunodetection can be useful in patients with nonseminomatous gonadal and extragonadal tumors at the time of presentation. Usefulness of radioimmunodetection in the follow-up of these patients remains to be determined. Even in our limited series, radioimmunodetection was of no help on localizing the sites of alpha FP secretion in treated patients in whom other methods had also failed to recognize the site of abnormal alpha FP synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

"Spontaneous" erythroid progenitor cells in the circulation and monosomy 7 in juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Cytogenetic examination of bone marrow cells from two patients with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) showed a monosomy 7. Peripheral blood from these two children was found to contain large numbers of cells capable of erythroid colony formation in tissue culture without added erythropoietin. We conclude that erythroid progenitor cells are part of the malignant clone in JCML.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

In vivo stimulation and inhibition of granulopoiesis: the effect of an inflammatory reaction on murine diffusion chamber granulopoiesis.

Humoral factors influencing granulopoiesis have been evaluated using diffusion chambers (DC) implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice challenged by an aseptic abscess produced by the subcutaneous implantation of copper rods. This resulted in an increase in peripheral blood neutrophils and an increase in tibial granulocytic elements. When DC loaded with bone-marrow cells were implanted into mice stimulated the day before by an aseptic abscess significantly more CFU-s, CFU-c, proliferative and non-proliferative granulocytes were produced, as compared to DC implanted into control hosts. When DC were implanted 4-6 d after the induction of inflammation in mice a significant depression of DC granulopoiesis was observed. Levels of serum and DC fluid CSF and serum inhibitors of in vitro colony growth showed no correlation with DC myelopoiesis. The data show that mice undergoing an inflammatory reaction elaborate first humoral substance(s) enhancing CFU-s and granulocytic growth in DC and next inhibitory factor(s) of DC granulopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Stage II neuroblastoma. Adverse prognostic significance of lymph node involvement.

Thirty-three children aged between 1 month and 16 years (median 1 year, 7 months), were treated for stage II neuroblastoma with surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, alone or in combination. After 3 years 70% were living, 6 children had died from the disease, and 4 had died as a result of treatment. Patient characteristics (age, gender) and tumour characteristics primary site, presence of lymph node involvement, catecholamine excretion, histology) were reviewed in an attempt to determine prognostic features. While age under 1 year at diagnosis was, as expected, favourable in this series, the most important prognostic variable was the presence or absence of regional lymph node involvement. No patient with uninvolved nodes died of neuroblastoma and the difference in the 3-year survival rate between these patients and those with positive nodes was statistically significant. Although this study of patients treated between 1970 and 1977 provided no clear evidence that either postoperative radiotherapy or contemporary chemotherapy was of benefit, our findings suggest that subclassification of stage II patients into 'node-positive' and 'node-negative' groups will help to define those who might benefit from improved adjuvant postsurgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Serious infections during continuing treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Seventy-six of 168 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who had completed induction therapy and central nervous system prophylaxis, were each admitted to hospital at least once during subsequent treatment with an infectious illness. The time spent in hospital was calculated as a proportion of the total number of days at risk and had a mean value of one day in 75. Sixty-three (37%) children spent longer than this in hospital, particularly patients younger than 5 years and those on a more intensive protocol; a third year of treatment appeared to carry no significant addition risk of infection. Death due to infection occurred in 14 (8.3%) children; these deaths were more common in younger patients and during the first 2 years of treatment and were mainly due to measles, septicaemia, or cytomegalovirus. These findings show that younger children and those receiving more intensive treatment are at greater risk of infection. The risk is not one of exotic infections, but of measles, a preventable disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy of advanced neuroblastoma: does adriamycin contribute?

Between 1970 and 1977, 69 children with newly diagnosed stage III or IV neuroblastoma were treated with pulses of either cyclophosphamide and vincristine (CV) (n = 23), or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and adriamycin (CVA) (n = 46). The 'complete' and partial response rates were 35 and 22% to CV, and 43 and 26% to CVA. For 'complete' responders the median time to relapse was 18 months for those treated with CV, and 17 months for those treated CVA; for partial responders the times were 5 and 7 months respectively. At 2 1/2 years only 17% of the CV patients and only 13% of the CVA patients were alive and free of disease, giving a 15% overall survival rate. The addition of adriamycin to cyclophosphamide and vincristine did not significantly improve the response rate, duration of response, or survival in these children with advanced neuroblastoma. The previously noted favourable effects of age less than 1 year at diagnosis and of female sex were confirmed. The equally poor survival for stage III and stage IV patients justifies the inclusion of stage III patients in a bad prognosis group.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma.

The clinical and pathologic findings of a case of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma in a 5-month-old boy is reported. We believe that it probably represents the differentiated counterpart of nephroblastoma. After nephrectomy, the child was given a short course single cytotoxic therapy with vincristine for 6 months.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

The eye as a sanctuary in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Leukaemic infiltration of the anterior chamber of the eye was the only sign of relapse in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who had been off treatment for two and four months. The malignant cells had probably been present in the eye since the onset of the disease.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1979

Aqueductal stenosis in X-linked hydrocephalus: a secondary phenomenon?

Two cases of x-linked hydrocephalus are reported. One underwent postmortem examination: serial sections of the brain stem failed to show stenosis of the aqueduct, the mean and minimal cross-sectional areas of which were normal. However, there were some morphological changes which were compatible with a mechanical compression of the brain stem. It is postulated that in the Bickers and Adams syndrome of x-linked hereditary hydrocephalus the primary defect is a communicating hydrocephalus leading usually, but not always, to aqueductal stenosis. The importance of electrophysiological investigations for the correct diagnosis of the characteristic clasped-thumb deformity is also indicated.

Cerebral Aqueduct↗
PubMed1978

Hyaline membrane disease: prognostic factors and medium-term follow-up.

One hundred and twenty two cases of severe hyaline membrane disease are reported. 68 of them survived (57%). Adverse clinical, radiological and laboratory factors, and their effects on the early mortality rate, are analysed with particular reference to the referring centers, delay in admission, transport and the critical state of most infants on admission. The follow-up of 29 survivors treated before 1974 has been examined with reference to birthweight and assisted respiration. Four (30%) of the twelve infants with birthweights below 2000 g had major neurological sequelae. Only two out of the 17 babies with a birthweight over 2000 g had minor mental disturbances.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral candidosis: treatment with absorbable and non-absorbable antifungal agents in children.

Oral candidosis in neonates and children is a common infection which occurs often during the first few months after birth, but occasionally also in older children with certain predisposing factors. In neonates, oral candidosis is usually benign, although the symptoms of such an acute infection can be disturbing to both the patient and the parents. In older children developing oral candidosis, specific predisposing factors may be present (e.g. immunodeficiency, chemotherapy, etc.). In such cases, the infection may constitute a source for further dissemination, leading to occasionally fatal Candida sepsis or to widespread chronic mucocutaneous candidosis. Treatment modalities to date include drugs with limited or no absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. nystatin and miconazole) and agents that are absorbed, combining local effect with systemic therapy (e.g. clotrimazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole). Overall, it appears that treatment of neonatal oral candidosis should be performed with non-absorbable drugs, while the systemically active agents should be used primarily if a risk of dissemination exists or if widespread disease is present. In general, side-effects and toxicity are not major causes of concern with non-absorbed or absorbed antifungals in children with oral candidosis, since treatment is usually of relatively short duration. When the systemically active agents are used in premature infants with sub-optimal liver function, the risk of drug-induced liver toxicity may be increased.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Grey platelet syndrome: evidence for alpha-granule localization of the platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 pool.

The case of an 11-year-old boy with grey platelet syndrome is described. Platelets had the typical grey and ghostly appearance on May-Grünwald/Giemsa staining, caused by the absence of alpha granules confirmed by electron microscopy. Alpha granule protein content, i.e., beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, was less than 3% of normal and alpha granule secretion in response to thrombin was not detectable photometrically. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 pool in the patient's platelets was 5% of normal, confirming previous indirect evidence for the storage of this protein within the alpha-granule. Dense body secretion of adenosine triphosphate and 5-hydroxytryptamine was normal. Aggregation occurred normally in response to adenosine diphosphate and there was a slight delay in response to collagen.

Child↗