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Biomedical subjects

J Nikoskelainen

Publications and source records attributed to J Nikoskelainen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Failure to prevent cytomegalovirus infection by cytomegalovirus hyperimmune plasma: a randomized trial by the Nordic Bone Marrow Transplantation Group.

Bone marrow transplantation recipients who were cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive and/or had a CMV seropositive donor were randomized for treatment with CMV hyperimmune plasma (n = 27) or no treatment at all (n = 27). The CMV hyperimmune plasma had neutralization titers greater than 250 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers greater than 18,000. Plasma (200 mg/kg body weight) was given on four occasions (during 2 days) from day 3 to day 76 after transplantation. Patient characteristics were similar in the two groups. After transplantation, the median CMV titers increased with greater than 100% in the group receiving the CMV plasma and decreased to less than 50% in the controls (p less than 0.01). Asymptomatic CMV infections occurred in 26% of the patients in the plasma group and 33% of the controls. The frequency of patients with symptomatic CMV infections was also the same in the two groups (51% vs 33%). Three patients each in the two groups developed CMV-associated interstitial pneumonitis. Patient survival and causes of death were similar in the two groups. To conclude, no beneficial effect of CMV hyperimmune plasma was seen in patients at high risk of developing CMV infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Persistence of antibodies to pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic renal failure.

Antibody response to the 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) in 17 renal allograft recipients, 29 azotemic, 11 hemodialysis, and 33 control patients. The IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were measured against six pneumococcal antigen types 1, 3, 4, 6A, 8, and 19F. The control patients had the best antibody responses in the IgG and IgA antibody classes and the renal allograft recipients in the IgM class. The renal allograft recipients had significantly stronger antibody responses than the azotemic and hemodialysis patients. The hemodialysis patients had significantly weaker antibody responses than the control patients and the renal allograft recipients, and they also lost their antibodies most rapidly. Thus, the hemodialysis patients and probably some azotemic patients should be considered for revaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced stress on cell-mediated immunity.

Functions of cell-mediated immunity were studied from 11 patients after cardiovascular resuscitation and from matched controls who were simultaneously under observation. The resuscitated patients were anergic to recall skin antigens (93% negative) as compared to the controls (62%) (p less than 0.01). The anergic state correlated with the outcome of the patients. Lymphocyte numbers did not differ between these groups, but the number of T cells was significantly decreased, and B cells and granulocytes was increased in resuscitated patients. Lymphocytes from resuscitated patients responded to mitogenic stimulation although the responses were lower than those of the controls. Decreased lymphocyte responses were partly due to serum factor(s) which were not attributable to serum cortisol concentration. In addition the findings favour a change in the compartmentalization of lymphocyte subsets resulting in increased number of suppressor cells and/or increased sensitivity of lymphocytes to suppressive humoral factor(s) in the circulation. The anergy in skin evidently represents the final outcome of the dysfunction of several arms of cell mediated immunity.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Absence of signs of vitamin B12--nitrous oxide interaction in operating theatre personnel.

Inactivation of vitamin B12 by nitrous oxide leads to megaloblastic haematopoiesis. Peripheral blood counts and films, serum vitamin B12 and plasma and erythrocyte folate concentrations were studied in eight anaesthetists and seven internists to find if the interaction is an occupational health hazard to operating theatre personnel chronically exposed to trace concentrations of nitrous oxide. In addition, blood counts were studied in two retrospective materials of 118 operating theatre nurses working in scavenged operating theatres and in ten subjects working in unscavenged theatres. No definite signs of B12-nitrous oxide interaction could be observed in the peripheral blood samples from these persons.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltran↗
PubMed1984

T and B lymphocyte function in anaesthetists.

Humoral and cell-mediated immune functions of eight male anaesthetists working in scavenged operating theatres and eight male internists were compared. No differences could be observed between the groups in the numbers of unstimulated, pokeweed mitogen (PMW)- and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (StaCw)-stimulated plaque-forming (immunoglobulin producing and secreting) cells or in IgG, IgM and IgA amounts secreted into the culture medium by stimulated lymphocytes. The proliferative responses of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, PWM, StaCw and the purified protein derivative of tuberculin, and the function of the hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor cells were also similar in both groups. These results do not show any harmful effects of operating theatre work in scavenged theatres on T and B lymphocyte responses in male anaesthetists.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Fatal influenza A myocarditis with isolation of virus from the myocardium.

A previously healthy 27-year-old woman developed an acute cardiac failure one week after onset of influenza-like respiratory infection, and died on her fourth day in hospital. Intravital differential diagnosis included myocardial infarction because of ECG changes and massive elevation of myocardial enzymes. Autopsy revealed severe myocarditis and intact coronary arteries. At microscopic examination the myocardium was heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes, and there was a marked myocytolysis. Influenza A virus was isolated from the myocardial tissue. An immunological mechanism of myocardial damage is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Coxsackie B virus antibodies in myocardial infarction.

Evidence for the association between Coxsackie B virus infections and myocardial infarction was studied in a prospective follow-up examination. Using the micro neutralization test, 9 (15%) of 59 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 1 (2.6%) of 38 control patients showed a fourfold, or higher, antibody increase in paired serum samples against Coxsackie B1-5 viruses. This difference is significant (p less than or equal to 0.05). None of the patients or controls revealed symptoms of a viral infection during the blood sampling. Virus isolation from throat and feces was negative in all patients and controls. This finding agrees with some previous studies suggesting that the Coxsackie B group may in some cases have a causal role in myocardial infarction, or may act as a triggering factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Graft-versus-host reaction in 3 adult leukaemia patients after transfusion of blood cell products.

We describe 3 cases of acute graft-versus-host (GVH) disease in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia following transfusions taken from non-HLA-identical healthy donors. The leucocyte transfusions were given because of severe bone marrow aplasia and granulocytopenia following leukaemia induction treatment. The first patient had an acute GVH reaction with an erythrodermia-like skin reaction all over and associated with severe abdominal cramping, enlarged liver and pathological liver function tests. The second patient had a relatively mild skin reaction and enlarged liver. Both died of severe pulmonary infection. The third patient also had a mild skin reaction and enlarged liver. He died of pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis of GVH of the latter 2 cases was made on skin biopsy. The autopsy samples revealed in all cases a heavy lymphocytic infiltration of the kidneys and liver portal area. Until more precise guidelines can be established, irradiation of blood cell products given to patients with neutropenia due to leukaemia induction treatment should be considered.

Adolescent↗