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Biomedical subjects

J Newton

Publications and source records attributed to J Newton.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

SK&F 86002: a structurally novel anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid.

The effects of SK&F 86002 [5-(4-pyridyl)-6 (4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo (2,1-b) thiazole] on the generation of eicosanoids in vitro and on inflammatory responses in vivo are described and compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. SK&F 86002 inhibited prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) synthase activity (IC50 120 microM) as well as prostanoid production by rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells (IC50 70 microM) and its sonicate (IC50 100 microM) and human monocytes (IC50 1 microM). In addition, SK&F 86002 inhibited the generation of dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETE) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) by a high speed supernatant fraction of RBL-1 cells (IC50 10 microM). Cellular production of 5-lipoxygenase products was inhibited by SK&F 86002 as measured by leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation from human neutrophils (IC50 20 microM), leukotriene C4 (LTC4) generation by human monocytes (IC50 20 microM), and 5-HETE production by RBL-1 cells (IC50 40 microM). The in vivo profile of anti-inflammatory activity of SK&F 86002 supports the dual inhibition of arachidonate metabolism as indicated by its activity in inflammation models that are insensitive to selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The responses of arachidonic-acid-induced edema in the mouse ear and rat paw, as well as the cell infiltration induced by carrageenan in the mouse peritoneum and by arachidonic acid in the rat air pouch, were inhibited by SK&F 86002 and phenidone but not by the selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors naproxen and indomethacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cimetidine and chlorpheniramine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria: a multi-centre randomized double-blind study.

One hundred and twenty patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, who entered a study at five centres (Sheffield, London, Bristol, Cardiff and Leeds) were treated with therapeutic doses of the H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine for 6 weeks. Histamine H1 non-responders (40 patients) were entered into a double-blind study and received chlorpheniramine plus cimetidine 400 mg q.d.s. (21 patients) or chlorpheniramine plus placebo (19 patients) for a further 8 weeks. The most important response measure was the change from baseline of the total symptom score: an assessment of the number and duration of new weals and degree of itching. There was a statistically significant difference between the average response in the two treatment groups in favour of chlorpheniramine plus cimetidine after 4 and 8 weeks' treatment (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). No significant side-effects related to treatment were noted.

Chlorpheniramine↗
PubMed1987

Demonstration of site-specific tumour growth by a 50% end point assay.

Tumour growth arising after injection of cell suspensions derived from four commonly used experimental tumours has been examined both in lung tissue and at the SC site. From tumour incidence data TD-50 values were computed for growth at the two sites and compared statistically. It was observed that Mc7 and Sp24 cell suspensions grew better in lung tissue than at the SC site, whereas the converse was true for Walker 256 cell suspensions. It would appear that immunogenicity, cell size, capacity to elicit platelet aggregation and immediate arrest patterns in lung tissue are individually inadequate to explain why certain tumour cells exhibit a potential for growth in lung tissue greater or less than at the SC site.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The institutional chaplain: constructing a role definition.

Reports on a questionnaire survey of members of the Omaha Nebraska Area Institutional Chaplains' Association and the Nebraska State Chaplain's Association. Develops a typology of the role of the hospital chaplain based on findings which indicate that chaplains see themselves as (1) counselors, (2) professionals, and (3) religious functionaries. Notes that these perceptions are often at dissensus with relevant publics, and interprets the role of definitions in terms of secularization and social structure principles. Discusses and suggests ways of addressing role differences in view of current changes in health care developments.

Chaplaincy Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1983

An immunologic evaluation of hemophiliac patients and their wives. Relationships to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Recently, hemophiliac patients receiving factor VIII concentrate therapy have developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Because abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity are found in this syndrome, we evaluated the peripheral blood immunologic status of 24 patients with classic hemophilia and 5 patients with factor IX deficiency. Both groups had decreased percentages and numbers of helper-inducer lymphocytes (OKT4+) and increased percentages of suppressor-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (OKT8+) which resulted in depressed OKT4/T8 ratios. Abnormalities of the T-lymphocyte subpopulation were most severe in 7 patients with factor VIII deficiency with lymphadenopathy who also had increased Ia+ cells and profoundly suppressed lymphocyte mitogenic responses. No correlation was found between OKT4/OKT8 ratios or lymphocyte responses to mitogen and the amount of factor VIII concentrate used per year. Evaluation of five wives of factor-VIII-deficient patients who had abnormal OKT4/OKT8 ratios showed decreased percentages of OKT4 cells, but normal lymphocyte mitogenic responses. Serum levels of IgG were elevated in factor-VIII-deficient patients but not their wives or factor-IX-deficient patients. We conclude that T-lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities and lymphocyte mitogenic responses are depressed in asymptomatic hemophiliac patients receiving either factor VIII or factor IX concentrates. These abnormalities are most severe in otherwise asymptomatic hemophiliac patients who have developed lymphadenopathy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1980

Diphtheria-tetanus skin testing. Its clinical value for delayed hypersensitivity.

Skin testing as an in vivo means of evaluating cell-mediated immune function is extremely valuable. However, problems lie in selecting the appropriate antigens and interpreting the results. The suggestion that diphtheria-tetanus would provide a good antigen in infants and children was evaluated by comparing skin test observations with results of skin biopsy examinations. Thirteen subjects, seven of whom were immunodeficient, were evaluated by skin reactions and dermal biopsy specimens. Fifty percent of the immunodeficient patients had positive skin test reactions but had biopsy specimens that were not consistent with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Although all normal controls on whom biopsies were done had histologic DTH reactions, two had negative or equivocal skin reactions. Our data suggest, on the contrary, that delayed hypersensitivity testing with this antigen is not a good screening test for disorders of immunity or inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Eight years' experience with a weekday gynaecological ward.

Between 1971 and 1978, 9651 patients were admitted to a gynaecological ward in use five days a week. 39.5% of patients were admitted as "day cases", the rest as "overnight stay" patients. Patients can choose between local or general anaesthesia and between day care or overnight stay. The procedures carried out were termination of pregnancy (41.3%), laparoscopy (14.1%), minor gynaecological procedures (41.2%), and urological procedures (3.4%). Despite an 80% increase in work load during these 8 years the waiting list, which fell by 62% in the first year, has been maintained at that level. The advantages of having such a unit in a modern gynaecological service are discussed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

A collaborative study of the progesterone intrauterine device (Progestasert). The World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Implantation.

A randomised double blind study of a plain T-shaped IUD and an active T-shaped IUD releasing 65 micrograms/day of progesterone, has been completed in four centres. A study of 1320 progesterone-releasing IUD's in parous women for 9660 women months of use significant to 18 months, gave a pregnancy rate of 1.0 +/- 0.4, expulsion of 4.7 +/- 0.6 and removals for pain and bleeding of 6.0 +/- 0.7. A detailed analysis of the menstrual bleeding patterns in these patients gave details of the number and length of bleeding and spotting episodes, count of bleeding days, and count of spotting episodes and days for four one-hundred-day reference periods. While the plain IUD contributed a significant number of intermenstrual spotting and bleeding days, the progesterone-releasing IUD contributed more spotting days.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nurse specialists in family planning: the results of a 3-year study.

In the first three years of a Nurse Specialist Clinic in Family Planning, 1422 new patients were seen. Oral contraception (OCs) was dispensed for 638 patients, 548 intrauterine devices (IUDs) were fitted and 126 patients received an injectable contraceptive. The continuation rate at thirty months was, 73.2 for OCs, and 68.6 for IUDs. The additional training received by the nurse specialists allowed them to practice comprehensive family planning safely and effectively, as shown by the low "problem" rate, 9.1% for OCs and 7.2% for IUDs. Continued use effectiveness, as shown by the second choice of contraception initiated in the clinic for those who stopped using their first method, was also high, 81.5% for OCs and 90.5% for IUD closures.

Contraceptive Agents↗
PubMed1978

Ovarian and hypothalamic response to sequential increases in the amount of clomiphene administered to the same group of oligomenorrhoeic women.

Ten patients with oligomenorrhoea were investigated using increasing doses of clomiphene citrate in each cycle. The starting dose was 50 mg on day 1 of the cycle for 5 days and was increased by 50 mg per day for 5 days per cycle, to a maximum dose of 200 mg per day. Urinary total oestrogen concentration was measured on Day 1 to 3, 12 to 14 and on Day 21. Peripheral venous plasma concentrations of immunoreactive LH & FSH on Days 1 to 3 and 12 to 14 and the peripheral venous plasma concentration of immunoreactive progesterone on Day 21 were measured. The response to treatment is discussed in relation to hormone levels in the early follicular phase and to the dose of clomiphene administered. No correlation was found between hormone levels in the early follicular phase and increments in oestrogen and LH concentrations at midcycle. On a low dose regime the increment in FSH at midcycle was significantly greater in patients with a normal FSH concentration in the early follicular phase than in those with a low FSH level at this phase in the cycle. The results of treatment with clomiphene were not changed by an increase in dose from 50 mg to 150 mg but an increase to 200 mg significantly reduced the magnitude of response.

Adult↗