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Biomedical subjects

J Newall

Publications and source records attributed to J Newall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Role of radiation therapy in the management of meningioma.

Surgery is the accepted form of treatment of meningioma; the role of radiotherapy has not been clearly established. With this in mind, we have reviewed our experience with radiation therapy in the management of meningiomas at New York University Medical Center. Sixty-eight patients fell into three groups. Forty-three (Group A) underwent operation followed by radiation therapy, 14 patients (Group B) had radiation for recurrence after operation, and 11 patients (Group C) had radiation therapy as the primary treatment. In Group A, 41 of 43 are alive. During a follow-up of 1 to 10 years, only 2 have deteriorated. Five of 14 Group B patients showed neurological improvement and 7 showed deterioration, including 5 who died of tumor. All 11 patients in Group C are alive with follow-up periods of 3 to 6 years; 9 of these show improvement in neurological function. Eleven patients had malignant meningioma, of whom 8 are alive and stable. We present 4 case reports, including computed tomographic scans that show evidence of tumor necrosis after radiation therapy. Pathological verification of tumor necrosis is presented in 1 case. We believe that radiation therapy has an established role in the treatment of incompletely excised, recurrent, or malignant meningiomas and, in some cases, as the initial management of meningiomas. Indications for treatment and guidelines are presented.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Combined pre- and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for bladder cancer: results of RTOG/Jefferson Study.

This paper presents the results of adjuvant "sandwich" radiotherapy for bladder cancer in 65 patients treated in a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase II study and at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. In this approach of adjuvant therapy, patients with clinical stages B or C bladder cancer were given low dose preoperative irradiation (500 rads) to the whole pelvis on the day before or on the day of surgery. Following cystectomy, patients were pathologically staged. Those with high grade (III or IV) stage B1 tumors or stages B2 or C were given 4500 rads in five weeks postoperative radiation. Thirty-four of these 65 patients were entered in the RTOG protocol and 31 in the Jefferson Study. TWenty patients had early lesions (stage 0, A or B1, grade I-II) and did not receive postoperative irradiation. Six patients had stage D cancer and were given palliative therapy. Of 39 patients eligible for postoperative irradiation, 29 received the full course of pre- and postoperative irradiation. Ten patients did not receive treatment. Follow-up ranged from six months to three years with a median of 18 months. Treatment was extremely well tolerated. Incidence of major complications was 6% (4/65). Local control of disease was excellent, with no failures in pelvis response. Actuarial survival at three years is 78%. At this preliminary analysis, these survival results appear to be better than those obtained with other approaches using preoperative irradiation and surgery.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Adjustable compensators for whole-brain irradiation.

A compensator for use in irradiating the whole brain with parellel opposed lateral fields was made from a stack of thin tempered aluminum plates. This configuration gives a wide latitude of degrees of compensation and can accommodate a broad range of head sizes. Dosimetry studies indicate that overcompensation may be desirable to reduce the dose to the mid-coronal plane of the skull and scalp without seriously affecting the dose uniformity in the treatment volume.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1979

Measuring the quality of medical care: a beginning.

Quality of medical care is fundamental; however, the recognition of quality is a complex task. The Patterns of Care Study is examining radiotherapeutic care in cancer throughout the United States, using a new methodology which can be applied to other medical disciplines. The system is described and illustrated as applied to the management of carcinoma of the cervix. Considerable variations in treatment have been identified. These variations can be studied and, where necessary, modified by appropriate educational programs; thus, the quality of medical care can be improved.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1977

Steel trimmer for use with 60Co tangential fields.

A prototype steel trimmer provided by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited was modified for use with tangenital wedged 60Co fields. The trimmer virtually eliminated the penumbra of the wedged fields, permitting a more uniform irradiation of the chest wall. There was no significant change in the wedge transmission factors for the trimmed and untrimmed fields.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1977

Modern radiotherapy for malignant epitheliomas.

There are exceptional cases of malignant epitheliomas in which radiotherapy is at once or eventually becomes a treatment of last resort. We recount the clinical facts, histologic findings, radiotherapeutic techniques, and results of treatment of seven such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Computerized (axial) tomography in the serial study of cerebral tumors treated by radiation. A preliminary report.

The difficulty in evaluating the effectiveness of radiation therapy of primary cerebral tumors is well appreciated. Changes in the tumor size and the presence or absence of edema or necrosis during or following treatment cannot be readily evaluated by present noninterventive roentgenographic methods. At New York University Medical Center, computerized (axial) tomography (CT) has been routinely used both before and after radiation therapy with the aim of assessing, by noninterventive means, tumor response, presence or absence of edema, or necrosis. A selected series of patients is presented with correlation of the clinical findings and CT-scan results both before and after therapy. The significance of these findings and their implications in the management of cerebral tumors are discussed.

Adult↗