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Biomedical subjects

J Nakano

Publications and source records attributed to J Nakano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Monkeypox virus in relation to the ecological features surrounding human settlements in Bumba zone, Zaire.

Since monkeypox virus was discovered in animals in 1958 and in man in 1971, several efforts have been made to identify the reservoir of the virus in nature. In July 1985 a study on human environments and animals suspected to maintain virus transmission was carried out in northern Zaire. The study revealed three well demarcated areas: the human settlement area, the agricultural area and the primary tropical rain forest. The first two were found inhabited by terrestrial and arboreal rodents and bats, while the larger animals have abandoned them. Data on human morbidity collected in the preceding years suggested that most of the patients were infected either in the settlement or in the agricultural area. Isolation of the virus from a squirrel confirmed this suggestion and proved, on the other hand, that the virus could circulate in an area deprived of the larger wild animals, including primates. The virus isolation and results of serologic testing suggest that out of three groups of animals inhabiting the agricultural area, the squirrels Funisciurus anerythrus should be considered a priority candidate to sustain virus transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Studies on monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. II. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-acylamino-2-azetidinone-1-oxysulfonic acids.

The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial and beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of the 2-azetidinone-1-oxysulfonic acids having a substituent at C-4 position of the beta-lactam ring are described. The influence of C-4 substituents on the antibacterial activity was examined for the compounds having alpha-ureidoacetyl or alpha-oxyiminoacetyl group as acyl side chain at C-3 position. The antibacterial activity is correlated with the C-4 substituents and acyl side chain. Especially, 4(R)-methyl substituted derivatives exhibited excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria and 4-dimethyl substituted derivatives exhibited strong activity against resistant Gram-negative bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 39 and 40 showed strong inhibitory activity against cephalosporinase of Enterobacter cloacae H-27.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Monkey pox virus infection in humans in the Central African Republic].

A human monkeypox outbreak is reported which occurred in January 1984 in the extreme south-west areas of the Central African Republic. Six persons were found to be affected in a Pygmy camp with an estimated population of 50 residents. In the two affected families, out of 11 members, only unvaccinated children and a 22 year old unvaccinated woman contracted the disease. The disease was of moderate severity in two patients and very mild in the other four. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation from skin lesions of 4 patients and by sero-immunologic tests in all of them. The clinically apparent monkeypox case reported in the Central African Republic in 1983, the presently described outbreak, as well as information on the disease obtained from Pygmies and missionary paramedical staff who are in frequent contact with them, suggest that monkeypox is enzootic in the tropical rain forest in the south-west areas of the Central African Republic.

Central African Republic↗
PubMed1984

[Data from a serological survey of the population of the Republic of Congo for the presence of antibodies to orthopoxviruses. II. The species identification of the antibodies by using a solid-phase variant of immunoenzyme method].

To differentiate antibodies to monkeypox and vaccinia viruses, the solid-phase ELISA with preliminary adsorption of sera with vaccinia virus was used. The identification of antibodies in 99 serum samples obtained in the Republic of Congo from children without vaccination scars was carried out by means of this assay. No antibodies to monkeypox virus were revealed. In 62% of cases the presence of antibodies was due to vaccinia virus. In the sera of 32% of children under examination antibodies differing from those to vaccinia and monkeypox viruses were revealed. To find out the origin of these antibodies, further seroepidemiological studies are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prophylaxis of varicella in high-risk children: dose-response effect of zoster immune globulin.

Immunodeficient patients who were presumed to be susceptible received zoster immune globulin prophylaxis after exposure to varicella. The highest clinical attack rate (35.9%) was seen in household contacts; the lowest attack rate (0%) was observed in children exposed at school. Among household contacts, 48 of 100 patients who received high titer ZIG (reciprocal complement fixation titer greater than or equal to 2,560) developed fourfold rises in serum CF antibody between pre- and 48-hour post-treatment specimens, compared to only one of 34 patients treated with lower titer ZIG lots (P less than 0.001). Patients who developed fourfold antibody rises were significantly less likely to contract clinical varicella (P less than 0.01). Patients who received high titer ZIG also had significantly lower risks of death (P = 0.025) and complications (P = 0.006). Among ZIG-treated patients who contracted clinical varicella, 80% developed mild disease (less than 100 pox), and the median incubation period was prolonged. Immunodeficient children exposed to varicella benefit from ZIG prophylaxis and higher titer ZIG is of greatest benefit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

An enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody in human serum.

An enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay using human thyroglobulin conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase and silicone rods coated with human thyroglobulin was developed for the measurement of circulating anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody. The volume of serum needed for the assay was as little as 5 microliter. The sensitivity of the assay was approximately 7 x 10(-15) mol/tube of antithyroglobulin immunoglobulin G corresponding to 220 ng/ml of serum, which was equal to or rather higher than that of radioimmunoassay. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by (1) parallelism of the standard curve with dilution of sample sera of patients with thyroid diseases, and (2) non-detectability of anti-thyroglobulin in autoantibody in the sera of normal subjects. The precision of the assay was proven by (1) sufficient recovery of antithyroglobulin immunoglobulin G added to serum, and (2) coefficients of variance within and between assays were 6.5 to 10.3% and 4.9 to 14.1%, respectively. No effect of thyroglobulin on the present assay was observed when the ratio of the amount of thyroglobulin to that of anti-thyroglobulin immunoglobulin G was lower than 1 : 10. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody concentrations measured by our enzyme immunoassay and those by tanned red cell hemagglutination (r = 0.78), and between those by the enzyme immunoassay and those by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.80). The application to clinical samples ensured the high sensitivity and the adequate validity of the present assay.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1979

An enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of thyroglobulin in human serum.

An enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay using silicone rods coated with rabbit (anti-human thyroglobulin) immunoglobulin G and rabbit (anti-human thyroglobulin) monovalent fragment of immunoglobulin F (Fab') conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase was developed for the measurement of thyroglobulin in human serum. The volume of serum needed for the assay was as little as 2 microliters. The sensitivity of the assay was 3.5 ng/ml, which is equal to or rather higher than that of radioimmunoassay. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by the following observations: (1) The absence of crossreaction of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, (2) non-detectability of thyroglobulin in the sera of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, (3) parallelism of the standard curve with dilutions of reference serum. The precision of the assay was proven by the demonstration of the sufficient recovery of human thyroglobulin added to sera (92--99%) and coefficients of variance in within and between assays were 6.2--9.3 and 2.5--5.3%, respectively. Furthermore, a highly significant correlation was observed between thyroglobulin concentrations measured by our enzyme immunoassay and those by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001, n = 63). Human thyroglobulin in serum was detectable in 90% of 146 normal subjects, the concentration (mean +/- S.D.) being 13.3 +/- 10.3 ng/ml.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and serologic study of four smallpox vaccines comparing variations of dose and route of administration. Basic study and laboratory standardization.

The present four-center collaborative study was undertaken in an attempt to define the best vaccine and/or vaccination procedure for use in areas of the world that are free of smallpox. The study was designed to compare the effect of different vaccinial strains, viral concentrations, and routes of administration on the morbidity and antibody response associated with primary vaccination and standard challenge revaccination. Primary vaccinations were performed on 1,585 children; 49.6% of the children were vaccinated by the percutaneous route, and 50.4% received vaccine subcutaneously. The overall age and sex distributions of percutaneous and subcutaneous vaccinees were comparable, but there were marked differences in participants among the four study centers. Vaccines in Kentucky had a greater mean age; the greatest number of Negroid children were enrolled in St. Louis, and more of them were vaccinated by the subcutaneous route; and the dropout rate was much greater in San Diego and Colorado. An analysis of comparative interlaboratory serologic procedures with the use of 20 coded duplicate samples of serum revealed good agreement in the hemagglutination-inhibition test; results of neutralization tests had greater variability of mean titers. On duplicate samples of serum from study participants there was generally good correlation between each of the four study centers and the Center for Disease Control's reference laboratory in titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody. In contrast, 38% of the neutralization titers determined at the four study centers were greater than or equal to 0.67 log10 higher than the respective titers noted at the Center for Disease Control.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of prostaglandin F2alpha-induced reflex bradycardia and hypotension by meclofenamic acid.

Intravenous injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (4-15 mug/kg, i.v.) produces an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure in conjunction with reflex bradycardia and hypotension in the anesthetized cat. Meclofenamic acid (30 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the bradycardia and the reflex contribution to the systemic hypotension. Neither the PGF2alpha-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction nor the direct systemic vasodilator actions of PGF2alpha were blocked by meclofenamate. In addition, the reflex responses caused by i.v. veratrine and 5-HT were not inhibited by meclofenamate. These results suggest that meclofenamic acid selectively blocks the afferent mechanism by which PGF2alpha induces reflex bradycardia and hypotension in the cat.

Animals↗