Course of retinogeniculate projection fibers in the cat optic nerve.
The fiber courses of the cat optic nerve were studied by using wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), which was iontophoretically applied to electrophysiologically defined positions in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Grossly, there were two distinct bends along the length of the optic nerve. The ventrally flexing anterior bend was located approximately 2 mm from the eyeball, while the dorsally flexing posterior bend was found at some 6 mm distant. The optic nerve fibers showed a tendency to scatter toward the chiasm. At the optic nerve head, the fibers from the different retinal areas maintained the retinal topography in a simplified form according to the trajectory of optic fibers surrounding the optic disc. Between the anterior and posterior bends, the fibers from the pericentral, middle-temporal, and most upper areas of the dorsal retina migrated ventrally and were arranged in the middle of the lateral, middle, and medial parts of the optic nerve, respectively, while fibers from the middle-temporal area of the ventral retina migrated dorsally and scattered into the lateral half. The fibers from the temporal and nasal horizontal meridian areas tended to hold their respective positions in the lateral and medial halves of the optic nerve. As a result, in this level they displayed a complex retinotopy in that the fibers from each part of the retina were mixed. Passing the posterior bend, as the optic nerve proceeded toward the chiasm, the characteristic pattern became less defined. Near the chiasm, the retinotopy became very scattered, showing a partial dorsoventral inversion of the retinal topography with substantial overlapping. It was noted from the present findings that the fibers from ventral retina scattered more quickly than the fibers from the dorsal retina, which tended to hold their grouping until the anterior bend, but the central or pericentral retinal fibers proceeded without significant scatter as far as the posterior bend. The analysis of labelled ganglion cells suggested that even if fibers that arise from one certain "mode" of ganglion cells are selected, it is unlikely that they maintain their initial fiber topography along the entire length of the optic nerve.