Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Nĕmec

Publications and source records attributed to J Nĕmec.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Determination of thyroid microsomal antibodies in the blood of patients with thyropathies using the ELISA method].

The authors elaborated and tested an ELISA method for the assessment of antibodies against the microsomal fraction of the human thyroid gland (Thyroid microsomal antibodies). The method is more sensitive than passive haemagglutination. The reproducibility is satisfactory, the intraassay variation coefficient is 10.7%, the interassay variation coefficient 15.4%. In a group of 282 subjects with thyropathies a positive TMAb was found in 57.8%, in a control group of 63 subjects in three instances (4.7%). The method makes it possible to assess individual classes of specific immunoglobulins--IgG in the group of 15 positive sera accounted for 78% of all immunoglobulins. The importance of IgM and IgA is less clear. The method is suited in particular for screening of autoimmune affections of the thyroid gland.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1992

[Increased levels of noradrenaline in hypothyroidism and its association with cardiovascular system function].

In a group of 10 athyroid subjects treated with thyroxine and triiodothyronine discontinuation of both hormones induced hypothyroidism. During its development on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day systolic time intervals, the heart rate, blood pressure and noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma level were assessed. On the 7th day of hypothyroidism an increased index of the preejection time was recorded, and its value continued to rise throughout the investigation period. A reduction of the index value of the ejection time was also observed on the 7th day and during the subsequent period the value did not change any more. A decline of the heart rate was observed on the 7th day and subsequently the frequency was stable. The index of electromechanical systole was protracted on the 28th day. The systolic blood pressure declined on the 14th day and did not change afterwards. The diastolic pressure rose on the 28th day. The noradrenaline plasma level was elevated from the 21st day of hypothyroidism, the adrenaline level did not change during the decline of thyroid function. The authors discuss the mutual relationship of changes and evaluate the impact of the rise of the noradrenaline level in hypothyroid subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Adenolipomas, lipomatosis and amyloidosis of the thyroid gland].

Adipose tissue in the thyroid gland was observed in 7 biopsies and 2 autopsies: in 3 cases of solitary adenolipoma, 3 cases of multiple adenolipoma, 1 case of pure lipomatosis and 2 cases of lipomatosis with multiple adenolipomas combined with amyloidosis of lobules as well of adenomas in one bioptic case. Pathogenesis of this unusual phenomenon was discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

[Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Personal experience].

The authors present their experience with the diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in a group of 175 patients in the records of the RI in Motol. From the above number 106 are alive, 69 of the patients who died were diagnosed at the time of the clinical manifestation of the disease, frequently an advanced stage of the disease. Of the living patients one third was treated by total thyroidectomy after active screening. MTC accounts under our conditions in recent years for 8.6% of all thyroid malignancies. The familial variant with autosomal dominant heredity accounts for 26.5% of the above number. Within the framework of the familial variant the most frequent finding is non-MEN MTC, only 30% MTC are part of the MEN 2A or MEN 2B syndromes. MTC in childhood belongs practically always to the familial variant. At present the authors' group comprises 13 children and adolescents under 18 years, incl. one boy with the MEN 2B syndrome who succumbed to the disease. In 8 children based on active screening total thyroidectomy was indicated, incl. 5 patients were by histological examination only hyperplasia of the C-cells, i.e. a precancerous condition, was detected. After operation repeatedly in all these patients the level of immunoreactive calcitonin is low which indicates an excellent prognosis. The authors draw attention to the importance of active screening in families of all direct relations of the patient where MTC was diagnosed. Complete removal of thyroid tissue at the time of hyperplasia of C-cells or the presence of tumourous microfoci has a marked positive effect on the subsequent fate of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in serum of patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroids.

Serum levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were investigated in 31 patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid. Patients with carcinoma had significantly decreased basal levels of serum EGF, however this decrease in serum EGF occurred only in the group of patients which had been evaluated at an interval of six weeks after ablation of residues of normal thyroid with radioiodine. In patients that had been treated with radioiodine for cancer this decrease was not observed. The change in serum EGF was not dependent on thyroidal function and did not correlate with the serum thyreoglobulin level. It is presumed that decreased serum EGF is a consequence of functional changes of platelets after whole body irradiation at ablative dose of radioiodine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of serum calcitonin using a non-commercial RIA method].

A radioimmunoanalytical determination of the immunoreactive calcitonine in the humen serum was worked out using the authors' own specific antiserum, the preparation and properties of which are reported in the present paper. The precision and reliability of the analytical procedure is within the usual limits (the intraserial variation coefficient was 8.6%, the calculated sensitivity was 6 pg/ml). The reported procedure was employed to determine calcitonine in a larger number of patients who were examined because of suspected medullar carcinoma of the thyroid gland and in patients suffering from other thyropathies. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of heterogeneity of calcitonine in the circulation.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1991

[Development of various technical modifications in diagnostic sonography of the thyroid gland and their possible clinical applications].

The authors evaluate twenty-five years application of ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyrroid disease focused on the technical development and closely associated possibilities of morphological and functional interpretations of sonographic findings. They discuss future perspectives of the use of ultrasound in thryology, in particular duplex sonography and coloured coded Doppler sonography. Attention is devoted to perspectives aimed aspiration biopsy under sonographic control and extension of its indications. They discuss the possible asset of further in this country so far not applied modifications of diagnostic sonography in thyrology, incl. the development of mathematical and statistical methods of evaluation of the echogenity and echotexture of thyroid tissue.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Application of non-commercial methods for estimation of immunoreactive serum calcitonin in clinical practice (comparison of two methods).

The authors compared the results of two radioimmunological methods for the estimation of immunoreactive calcitonin in human serum. Parallel with the commercial RIA kit the estimation was made by the authors' own modification of this process with their own specific antiserum and radioligand prepared in the laboratory. The results in a large group of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (MCT) in different stages of the disease revealed that although the values obtained by the two methods differ, there is a statistically significant correlation between the values and the clinical evaluation is also comparable.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1990

[Beta-adrenergic receptors and cAMP production in the lymphocytes of patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland during hypothyroidism and euthyroidism].

Beta-adrenergic receptors and production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was investigated in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma in hypothyroidism and euthyroidism, following therapy with 131I and suppression with thyroid hormones. After 131I therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and suppression by means of thyroid hormones, when the patients became euthyroid, the authors found a significantly lower maximal binding capacity Bmax on lymphocytes, as compared with the same patients before radiotherapy when the patients were hypothyroid. The basic cAMP content in patients with euthyroidism was higher, as compared with hypothyroid patients, the difference being at the borderline of significance (p less than 0.06). In vitro stimulation of cAMP formation by lymphocytes using the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline was similar in hypo- and euthyroid patients and did not change in the course of treatment. When expressed in per cent, the stimulation of cAMP formation during euthyroidism was rather lower. Stimulation of cAMP formation by forskoline, an activator of adenylate cyclase was significantly higher in euthyroidism. Simultaneous addition of isoprenaline and forskoline to the incubation medium with lymphocytes produced an additive effect with markedly higher stimulation in euthyroidism. The reduced maximum binding capacity for 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) in euthyroid patients is discussed with regard to the probable influence of the basic disease, participation of radiation and the possible influencing of the immune system on changes in the number and activity of the patients' receptor system.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Thyroid gland volume. Methods of its determination and their significance].

For the assessment of the volume of the thyroid gland palpation, sonography or scintigraphy can be used. Palpation serves only as orientation, it underrates large goitres and a false positive diagnosis of goitre cannot be ruled out. Sonography uses a static echotomographic method or a dynamic empirical method. Echotomography is at present the most reliable method of assessment of the thyroid volume in vivo. The value of conventional scintigraphy for assessment of the thyroid volume is only historical, more accurate three-dimensional radionuclide diagnostic methods are so far not currently available in this country.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Normal thyroid gland volume and factors which affect it under physiologic conditions].

The introduction of accurate methods for assessment of the volume of the thyroid gland in vivo into clinical practice is a new aspect of the problem of the normal size of the thyroid in healthy subjects. So far we have only vague ideas on its value in the Czechoslovak population. Standards from abroad cannot be adopted mechanically and a local investigation is necessary which will evaluate also the possible persistence of regional differences. The influence of body weight on the volume of the thyroid is accepted in general and this explains also sexual differences. There are no unequivocal views on the effect of age and the stage of the menstrual cycle on the volume of the thyroid gland; few reports on the influence of the season; there is no definite proof of the effect of smoking and alcohol consumption. Precise sonographic measurements did not prove a correlation between the volume of the thyroid gland and basic laboratory parameters (plasma thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin level, level of free fractions of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, globulin binding thyroxine and adenopituitary thyrotropic hormone). So far we do not know when and to what extent omission of these factors distorts diagnostic and therapeutic conclusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison of 2 methods for determination of antibodies to thyroglobulin in clinical practice].

The authors compared the results of two methods for the estimation of antibodies against thyroglobulin: the principle of the Thymune-T test (Wellcome) is a haemagglutination method; parallel examinations were made by the author's modification of the radiochemical coprecipitation test (RCT). The laboratory results were evaluated in a large clinical group of patients with different types of thyroid disease. It was confirmed that the haemagglutination method gives more frequently positive results than the radiochemical test, in particular in the range of low titres. The chi square test provided, however, evidence that between methods a significant correlation exists. Although the results of the two tests are not necessarily identical in individual patients, it may be stated that RCT is an adequate method of choice, as it is simpler, more rapid and cheaper, and that it can be done in large series with objective automated evaluation of data.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Subclinical hypothyroidism].

Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 5.7% of 853 patients referred for ambulatory examination to a department in Prague. In patients referred with a mild degree of subclinical hypothyroidism with an evaluated level of thyrotropic hormone in serum (TSH) no significant deviations of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T4 and T3) were found nor different values of the Achilles tendon reflex time, as compared with patients with normal thyroid function. In case of a more marked grade of subclinical hypothyroidism with an elevated TSH level without stimulation the patients have on average significantly lower T4 vales, significantly longer Achilles tendon reflex times and preejection stage of left ventricular contraction, and of Rodbard's Q-Kd interval (Q-Kd) than euthyroid patients. The values are, however, still within the reference range for normal function and in individual cases cannot be decisive for establishment of the diagnosis. The authors discuss the differential diagnosis and views on treatment of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sonography in the evaluation of treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. First results in 158 patients.

Sonographic examination of soft tissues of the neck was used to search for recurrent thyroid cancer in 158 patients. Two hundred and thirty-six sonographic findings were evaluated. Specificity of the method, regardless of the type of recurrence, was 0.96, sensitivity 0.66, precision 0.81, predictive value of negative finding 0.72. This compares favorably with the results of examination by palpation (sensitivity 0.32 to 0.52, according to the type of recurrence), or with those of palpation combined with thyroglobulin estimation (sensitivity 0.50 to 0.60). Most important was the possibility of early detection of unpalpable recurrent lesions showing no radioiodine uptake, or relapses with low thyroglobulin production. Systematic evaluation of out-patients using sonography could lower the need for radioiodine scans that are necessarily connected with thyroid hormone therapy withdrawal and that are usually performed in in-patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Plasma somatostatin activity in medullary cancer of the thyroid.

In a group consisting of 50 adults and 5 children with diagnosed or suspected medullary cancer of the thyroid, plasma somatostatin levels were measured in 77 samples with a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Only 2 patients had clearly enhanced plasma somatostatin immunoreactivity, both with highly active aggressive tumors. Other patients had plasma somatostatin levels of under 20 ng/l or undetectable ones. No evidence of response of somatostatin levels to pentagastrin stimulation was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of thyroid diseases in two samples of Czech population. A preliminary study.

Two preliminary pilot studies of prevalence of thyroid disorders in Central Bohemia (with mild endemy before the onset of iodine prophylaxis in 1948) were made: 1. Questionary survey of adult persons in Praha (1559 persons); 2. Clinical and laboratory investigation of 2015 employees of SKODA automobile works in Mladá Boleslav. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in Praha was 11.99%. In randomly selected subjects from Mladá Boleslav (evaluated in two periods after 10 years) the prevalence of clinically manifested thyroid disorders was 0.35% in men and 2.32% in women, respectively, the presence of positive titres of antithyroglobulin antibodies, varied from 2.43-6.11% of high titres and from 2.35 to 17.33% of low titres. However, the prevalence of goiter was markedly higher than expected, since diffuse goitre was found in 8.36% of men and in 11.34% of women. Even more striking was the prevalence of nodular goitre which was 5.59% in men and 22.96% in women thus making the total goitre prevalence of 13.95% in men and 34.30% in women. In addition, an unfavourable increase of prevalence of nodular goitre was found in younger women in comparison with older group. These results, although preliminary, pointed out the necessity of further more extensive and intensive studies of prevalence of thyroid disorders and of methodology of iodine prophylaxis.

Adult↗