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Biomedical subjects

J Myren

Publications and source records attributed to J Myren.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The intestinal phase of gastric secretion. Response to liver extract infusion into the proximal jejunum of healthy human subjects.

A Levine tube was placed under radiological control in the stomach, and a thin polyethylene tube in the proximal jejunum of 6 healthy volunteers. The stomach and proximal part of jejunum were perfused for 2 hours with 1% acetylcholine, 20% meat extract (Bovril), and 15% liver extract (LE) alone and in combination with simultaneous infusion of different doses of exogenous pentagastrin intravenously. A significant increase in serum gastrin concentration was found with antral perfusion of LE only, whereas perfusion of the proximal jejunum did not change the basal level of the serum gastrin concentration. No change from control values was observed in gastric acid, and pepsin output on perfusing proximal jejunum with LE alone, or in combination with pentagastrin. Reflux to the stomach varied between 0-1.4%, as determined by addition of radioactive B12 to the perfusates. The experiments showed that gastrin was released from the antrum of the stomach by perfusion with 15 per cent LE, but not from the jejunum under the present experimental conditions. In the present experiments Bovril and acetylcholine perfusions did not cause significant responses from the antrum or from the proximal jejunum.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Graded gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer -- a five-year prospective study.

One hundred and twelve consecutive patients selected for surgical treatment for duodenal ulcer disease were treated by a graded gastrectomy according to the Moynihan modification of the Billroth II partial gastrectomy. A large partial gastrectomy (R) (2/3-3/4 gastrectomy) was done in patients who after maximal stimulation with histamine showed a high acid output (MAO greater than 30 mEa/hr), and a small resection (r) (1/3-1/2 gastrectomy) in low secretors (MAO less than 30 mEq/hr). The material was prospectively controlled by admission to hospital at 3 months, 1 year and 5 years postoperatively. The preoperative values of MAO found in R and r were 42.8 and 21.5 mEq/hr (p less than 0.001), respectively. The postoperative MAO values at the 3-month control were 4.5 and 3.0 mEq/hr by R and r, respectively, which shows that the grading of resection had been successful. Atrophic gastritis increased in frequency from 4% at the time of operation to 72% at the 1-year control...

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Pentagastrin dose-response in peptic ulcer disease.

Stepwise increasing doses of pentagastrin (0.166, 1, and 6 mug/kg-hr) were given to 21 healthy volunteers (HV), 22 patients without peptic ulcer disease (MI), and 22, 18, and 19 patients with duodenal (DU), pyloric (PU), and gastric ulcer (GU) respectively. Maximal response (Vmax) and half maximal dose of pentagastrin (Km) were calculated for both acid and pepsin. The ability to secrete acid and pepsin was in PU and GU slightly higher and lower, respectively, than in the non-ulcer groups. Markedly elevated values were found in DU, and the pepsin secretion was relatively more increased than that of acid. The values for Km suggested a different behavior of the chief cells and the parietal cells in DU. Whereas the sensitivity of the parietal cells appeared to be abnormally high, that of the chief cells tended to be lower than normal. The discrimination between DU and the non-ulcer groups was better by estimation of pepsin than of acid secretion and tended to improve with increasing stimulation. Superiority was however, found for a submaximal dose of pentagastrin for acid secretion. No superiority in discrimination between groups was found for Vmax. Km was poorly reproducible for acid and pepsin and showed little diagnostic significance. The study suggests that pentagastrin dose-response does not provide more diagnostic information than a single dose (1 mug/kg-hr), which is maximal for pepsin and submaximal for acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Gastroscopy with directed biopsy and routine x-ray examination in the diagnosis of malignancies of the stomach. A retrospective study.

The examinations were performed in 418 patients with malignancy or an ulcer of the stomach. In all cases the Cancer Registry of Norway was asked for the final diagnosis and date of death. The diagnosis of malignancy was based on histology on operated or autopsy specimens, and the surviving cases were re-examined by answering a questionnaire. At the time of the primary examination a total of 103 cases of malignancies were found, of whom 41 were women. 84 patients had not been operated on previously. Among these 7 cases of early carcinoma were found. In 19 patients a partial gastrectomy had been performed. A false diagnosis of benign lesion was given on biopsy in 2 per cent, by gastroscopy in 8, and by X-ray examination in 31 per cent. A definite diagnosis of malignancy was made correctly by the same procedures in 95, 53 and 16 per cent, respectively. After 30 months of observation 16 cases of malignant lesions were reported among the patients (315) who had an ulcer of the stomach with benign histology on directed biopsy at the primary examination. A false benign diagnosis had been made in 33 per cent of 119 with malignancy by X-ray examination, in 10 per cent by gastroscopy, and in 15 per cent by histology on biopsy. The corresponding percentages in the total material of cases with benign and malignant lesions were 10.2, 2.9, and 4.3, respectively. In cases with previous partial gastrectomy, and in those with early cancers much higher rates of false negative diagnosis of malignancy has so far been suggested in 12 per cent of cases with benign ulcers, a gastroscopical diagnosis has been suggested in 22 per cent, and a bioptical in none. A combination of diagnostic procedures provided a correct diagnosis of malignancy in 118 out of 119 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Gastroscopic observations related to bioptical histology in healthy medical students.

The examinations were performed on 10 medical students, 22-23 years old, of whom 5 were women. Directed biopsies were taken from the antral mucosa and the mucosa of the greater and lesser curvatures, average number being 6.7. Gastroscopy showed a normal mucosal folding in all students. None had mucosal reddening or mucus covering of more than slight grades. The examination concluded with a normal gastric mucosa in 4 and probably normal in 2 students. In 4 students a superficial gastritis was supposed to be present. Bioptical histology showed a normal mucosa in the antrum in 6 students, at the lesser curvature in 7, and at the greater curvature in 8 students. In the others a slight superficial gastritis in the antral mucosa. There was a fairly good correlation between the gastroscopic observations and the findings by histology on directed biopsy in 6 of the students.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Fasting serum gastrin and basal gastric acid secretion.

The gastric secretion of acid was examined 30 minutes basally (BAO) and in response to stepwise increasing doses of pentagastrin in subjects with (n = 51) and without (n = 40) peptic ulcer disease. None of them showed basal anacidity. Before insertion of the gastric tube, blood was taken for radioimmunological determination of the serum gastrin concentration (SG). A significant positive correlation was found between SG and BAO in the subjects without ulcer. This was mainly due to a close correlation in 20 healthy young volunteers. When BAO and SG was expressed as proportions of calculated maximal acid response (Vmax) and half maximal dose of pentagastrin (Km), respectively, the positive correlation between SG and BAO was improved and reached significance also in the individuals with peptic ulcer disease. The findings suggest that the serum concentration of gastrin plays a role in the basal gastric secretion.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1975

The early effect of trimipramine (Surmontil) on gastric secretion in man.

The early effect of the trycyclic and antidepressive compound trimipramine (Surmontil; Pharma Rhodia) was examined in 10 patients with dyspeptic complaints. The gastric secretion was examined twice for one hour before, and one hour after, intramuscular injection of 1 mg histalog per kg body weight. In random order trimipramine was given perorally as two 50 mg tablets 3 hours before one of the gastric secretion tests. A significant decrease was found in volume and acid output of basal secretion after the peroral dose of trimipramine. The concentration and output of acid as well as the concentration of pepsin were significantly altered. After stimulation with histalog a significant reduction was found for volume and acid output, whereas the output of pepsin was unchanged. The reduction of acid secretion and volume could be ascribed to an anticholinergic effect of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Endoscopic retrograde brush cytology (ERBC) of the biliary and pancreatic ducts.

A new device with a brushing tube that can be introduced through the biopsy channel of the duodenoscope (Olympus JF B) used for cannulation of the papilla of Vater is reported. In 17 patients in whom ERCP had demonstrated ductal abnormalities, an endoscopic retrograde brush cytology (ERBC) was performed. A cytological diagnosis of malignancy was made in 8 patients and a possible malignancy in 2 cases. Seven cases were operated upon, and a malignant tumor was found in 6. In one case a malignant tumor was found at autopsy. Histological examination was performed in 6 cases and showed adenocarcinoma in all.. Two patients with malignant cells and ERCP-findings of suspected pancreatic carcinoma were not operated upon. The tumours were localized in 1 case to the papilla of Vater, in 2 to the biliary duct, in 4 to the pancreatic head, and in 2 cases to the pancreatic corpus. No complications occured. It is concluded that this technique provides information supplementary to that of other diagnostic procedures.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Secretin dose-response in health and chronic pancreatic inflammatory disease.

Stepwise increasing doses of secretin (0.078, 0.233, 0.7, and 2.1 U/kg-h) were given to 12 healthy volunteers (HV) and to patients with a history of chronic pancreatic inflammatory disease of more than five years (CP5, 12 patients) and two years or less (CP2, 9 patients). The maximal bicarbonate response (Vmax) and the half maximal dose of secretin (Km) were calculated for each individual. Bicarbonate responses below that in HV were found in the majority of CP5 and in one-third of CP2. Vmax showed no superiority to the responses to the three largest doses of secretin in the diagnosis of bicarbonate secretory deficiency. In CP2 bicarbonate responses above that in HV were frequently found with the small doses of secretin. No evidence of hypersecretion was found. The findings suggested, however, that the early stage of chronic pancreatic inflammatory disease may be associated with an increased sensitivity to secretin. Km was poorly reproducible and showed no diagnostic ability. Large doses of secretin stimulated the secretion of proteolytic enzymes, but the diagnostic efficiency was less than for bicarbonate. The output of calcium varied markedly in CP2 and CP5. The bicarbonate/calcium ratio, however, was almost invariably lowered in these patients and showed diagnostic superiority to bicarbonate secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effect of carbachol and pentagastrin on the gastric secretion of acid pepsin, and intrinsic factor (IF) in man.

Intravenous infusions of carbachol and pentagastrin were given separately or simultaneously in 6 healthy students. The volume of gastric secretion and the concentration and output of acid, pepsin, and IF increased significantly during infusion of carbachol alone, whereas the plasma gastrin concentration remained unchanged. Carbachol had no effect on the acid, pepsin, and IF secretion by pentagastrin. The results indicate an effect of carbachol on acid, pepsin, and IF secretion, independent of changes in plasma gastrin concentration. No synergistic or potentiating effect was demonstrated between carbachol and pentagastrin.

Carbachol↗