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Biomedical subjects

J Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to J Murphy.

450 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies in the use of the intraperitoneal route for parenteral nutrition in the rat.

The effects of intraperitoneal administration of normal saline, dextrose, and amino acids were studied in a rat model for intraperitoneal alimentation. No adverse effects from the use of placement of an intraperitoneal catheter were found. Animals who received amino acids demonstrated a specific metabolic advantage over animals who received isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate. They lost less weight and maintained a higher serum albumin. The intraperitoneal route may provide a relatively simple and efficient method of studying parenteral nutrition in laboratory animals. Conceivably, it may also be of value for humans who are on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, or even as an alternative for central venous alimentation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A preliminary study of the relationship between preoperative depression and weight loss following surgery for morbid obesity.

Fifty-two consecutive morbidly obese patients were evaluated psychiatrically before they were scheduled to undergo gastroplasty and again an average of twenty-six months later. Ten patients did not undergo surgery; six patients who did undergo gastroplasty were unavailable for follow up. In the remaining thirty-six patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between the degree of clinically estimated preoperative depression and the percent of body weight lost following surgery. Amount of preoperative weight was also correlated with postoperative weight loss, but depression before surgery was a more significant predictor of postoperative weight loss. Patients who expressed less distress prior to surgery tended to lose less weight after surgery and were more likely to manifest increased psychiatric distress postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits growth of human mammary MCF-7 cancer cells.

The relationship between growth and the antioxidant enzyme defence system in human MCF-7 (breast) cancer cells treated with bovine milk fat enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was studied. Milk enriched in CLA was obtained from cows on pasture supplemented with full fat rapeseeds and full fat soyabeans (1). Cell number decreased up to 90% (p < 0.05) and lipid peroxidation increased 15-fold (p < 0.05) following incubation of MCF-7 cells for 8 days with increasing levels of milk fat yielding CLA concentrations between 16.9 and 22.6 ppm. Growth suppression and prooxidant effects of milk fat CLA were independent of the variable composition of the milk fat samples, suggesting that CLA was the active ingredient in milk fat responsible for the cytotoxic effect. Mixtures containing isomers of CLA (c9, t11-, t10, c12-, c11, t13- and minor amounts of other isomers) and linoleic acid (LA) at similar concentrations to the milk fat samples were as effective at inhibiting growth and stimulating peroxidation of MCF-7 cells as the milk fatty acids. Incubation of the cells with the c9, t11 CLA isomer (20 ppm) or the mixture of CLA isomers (20 ppm) for 8 days resulted in a 60% decrease (p < 0.05) in viability compared with untreated controls and was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than incubation with the t10, c12 CLA isomer (20 ppm), which caused only a 15% decrease in cell numbers under similar conditions. A 25% increase (p < 0.05) in cell proliferation occurred when LA (20 ppm) alone was incubated with MCF-7 cells for 8 days. 14C-CLA was preferentially incorporated into the phospholipid fraction of the MCF-7 cell lipids in a dose-dependent manner and CLA accumulated in cell membranes more efficiently when the cells were incubated in the presence of milk fat than the c9, t11 synthetic CLA isomer. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were induced in MCF-7 cells exposed to milk fat (containing 16.9-22.6 ppm CLA) over 8 days. The data indicate that milk fat triglyceride-bound CLA, consisting primarily of the c9, t11 isomer, was cytotoxic towards MCF-7 cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate fibroblast growth in culture.

Normal human skin fibroblasts and cells from 2 benign (3T3 and 3T6B) and 1 malignant (3T6D) fibroblast lines were grown in the presence of C20 fatty acids in the concentration range 0-100 mg/l culture medium. The culture medium consisted of 10% FCS and 90% DMEM, the cells were dosed with various concentrations of fatty acid in ethanol as carrier 24 hours post-trypsinisation, and the viability determined using Trypan Blue exclusion after a further 48 hours. The threshold between cytostatic and cytotoxic effects was considered to be that concentration of fatty acid which limited cell number to that of the controls at the end of the post-trypsinisation recovery period. All the fatty acids exhibited growth limitation potential, to a greater or lesser extent, which varied dependent on the degree of unsaturation of the molecule and transformation of the fibroblasts. In general, the effects appeared more likely to be related to the role of fatty acids in phosphoglycerides, rather related to the role of fatty acids in phosphoglycerides, rather than via eicosanoid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent ovarian carcinoma: diagnosis and second-line therapy.

Approximately 10% of patients with ovarian cancer will develop a recurrence. Successful treatment of recurring disease has been documented, and recent developments in chemotherapy are encouraging. In our study, CA125 Tumour Marker was a useful marker to monitor the course of such disease, and detected recurring ovarian cancer at a sub-clinical level, leading to earlier diagnosis. This may have implications for outcome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinico-pathological study of 79 bronchoscopies in HIV-positive patients.

We investigated lung pathology in 61 HIV-positive patients who underwent 79 bronchoscopies. There were 27 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 22 cases of pyogenic pulmonary infection and six cases of mycobacterial infection. Eleven cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonitis were found and 10 intravenous drug abusers had birefringent pulmonary talc granulomata in biopsy specimens. Women and intravenous drug abusers had higher rates of pyogenic pulmonary infection than men and other risk groups respectively. When compared with a previous survey from the same hospital using the same methodology the present study showed a change in the risk groups with 50% more intravenous drug abusers, 42% more haemophiliacs and 45% fewer patients with sexually transmitted infection. However, apparent changes in the spectrum of diseases encountered were not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Dublin outcome for low birth-weight infants.

This report describes outcomes for all infants with birth weight 501-1750 grams born in the three major maternity hospitals in Dublin between 1.1.90 to 31.12.91. 37,958 mothers delivered 38,498 infants during this period, consisting of approximately 36% of all deliveries in Ireland. 633 (1.6%) of all infants born weighed 501-1750 grms. 102 (16%) were stillborn and 28 of the 531 live born infants had lethal malformations. 30% of women received two or more doses of antenatal steroids before delivery and a highly significant negative correlation occurred between the need for ventilation after birth and antenatal steroids. 56.4% of babies were delivered by caesarean section as compared with 10.8% of the hospital population. Of 503 liveborn infants without lethal malformation. 426 (85%) survived to 28 days and 419 (83%) to discharge home. 15% were growth retarded. 46% of infants were ventilated, mean duration of ventilation was 7 days. 25% of infants had an intraventricular haemorrhage, 10% necrotising enterocolitis and 19% culture proven sepsis. 15% of survivors developed broncho pulmonary dysplasia and 12% retinopathy of prematurity. This paper describes important information for mortality, morbidity and interventions among a large population of low birth weight infants in Ireland and can be used as a basis against which to compare future alterations in practice. It demonstrates a clear benefit for antenatal steroids in decreasing the need for ventilation and the importance of ensuring their utilisation antenatally where possible.

Female↗