Biomedical subjects

J Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to J Murakami.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Relationship between responsiveness to colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and surface phenotype of leukemic blasts.

We examined the responsiveness of leukemic cells to colony stimulating factors (CSFs) as determined by 3H-TdR incorporation and surface phenotypes of leukemic blasts. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), CD13 and/or CD33 positive and HLA-DR negative M1 and M3 cases tended to show high response to G-CSF, GM-CSFs and IL-3, however, all HLA-DR positive M1, M2, M4 and M5 cases were unresponsive to CSFs but showed high autonomous growth. In acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), no response was observed to any CSFs but high autonomous growth was found in mixed leukemia cases. Sole T or B lineage cases showed low autonomous growth. These results suggest the varied nature of the proliferative state in leukemia and the existence of a subgroup in M1.

Cell Division↗

PubMed1995

[A clinical study of dip type hearing loss in children].

Between 1970 and 1994, 60 pediatric cases, with 81 ears found to have dip type sensory neural hearing loss based on the appearance of an audiogram, were reported to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Iwate Medical University. These findings were clinically evaluated and compared to adult findings. The following results were obtained; 1) The dip type hearing loss was commonly seen among boys. 2) Approximately 25% were due to acoustic trauma, while 75% were of unknown origin. 3) Out of the 81 ears, 74 (91.4%) had a 4 kHz dip. 4) An 8kHz drop indicated "abrupt type" hearing loss. 5) Many fathers of the children with dip type hearing loss were also found to have a hearing disorder. Among these fathers, many were found to have a dip type hearing loss similar to that of their children. 6) There were no differences in the clinical findings of dip type hearing loss between the adult and pediatric cases. Thus, the adult form is essentially equivalent to that in children. 7) Since dip type hearing losses were found mostly in the male group, it was assumed that a hereditary factor is involved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Study on peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by different chemotherapies with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in ovarian cancer].

A new therapeutic strategy for advanced ovarian cancer is to administer ultra-high doses of anticancerous drugs, followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) to recover normal marrow functions. There are, however, no clear regimens to induce mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). We therefore used three different chemotherapies and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to produce a rebound increase in PBSCs during myelosuppression by apheresis. Eleven patients with advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO Stage; IIc-1, IIIc-5, IV-4, Recurrence-1) received chemotherapy with CEP (cyclophosphamide: 500-750mg/m2, epirubicin: 50-70mg/m2, cisplatin: 70mg/m2), CEE (cyclophosphamide: 2,000mg/m2, epirubicin: 50mg/m2, etoposide: 300mg/m2, and PEC salvage (cisplatin: 75mg/m2, etoposide: 300mg/m2, cyclophosphamide: 1,000mg/m2) followed by lenograstim (G-CSF; 2 micrograms/kg subcutaneous injection daily for 14-18 days) to mobilize PBSCs. A range of 0-38.2 x 10(4) (mean +/- S.D.; 11.1 +/- 5.0 x 10(4) colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)/kg in the CEP regimen (n = 15), 1.6-40.8 x 10(4) (mean +/- S.D.; 12.3 +/- 3.6 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg in the CEE regimen (n = 11), and 8.6-11.4 x 10(4) (mean +/- S.D.; 10.0 +/- 2.0 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg in the PEC salvage regimen (n = 2) were recruited by a single apheresis. Although the CEE regimen to mobilize PBSCs was much more efficient than the CEP regimen, a large number of PBSCs showing 38.2 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg were mobilized by the CEP regimen with a dose-escalation of cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 and epirubicin 70mg/m2. The number of CFU-GM/kg correlated well with that of CD34+ (r = 0.693).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1995

[A case of post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the subclavian artery].

A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a complete medical evaluation of a pulmonary nodule on a chest X-ray film, which was found during an annual check-up. A loud bruit was audible over the left chest and the supraclavicular region. Computerized tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an arteriovenous fistula from a branch of the left subclavian artery into the paravertebral veins. Angiography disclosed that the arteriovenous fistula was fed by the left costocervical artery. Transarterial embolization of the arteriovenous fistula was done with 5 mechanical detachable coils and 2 micro coils. Postembolization angiography showed a marked decrease in blood flow and near-elimination of the arteriovenous fistula. The shrinkage of the arteriovenous fistula was also observed on CT scan. This patient had been in a traffic accident, and had been clinically well before the accident. Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula was strongly suspected, because a pulmonary nodule on chest X-ray film and a bruit were found after a traffic accident.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1995

Noncalcified pulmonary tuberculomas: CT enhancement patterns with histological correlation.

The objective of this study was to correlate enhanced CT images of noncalcified tuberculomas with histological findings, in order to search for characteristic CT enhancement patterns. Over 7 years, 12 noncalcified tuberculomas were surgically resected. Enhanced CT images of these tuberculomas were reviewed and correlated with histological studies. Ring or central-curvilinear enhancement was present in nine of 12 tuberculomas (75%). In those with ring or central-curvilinear enhancement, the low-density region was histologically confirmed to be caused by caseous or liquefied necrotic material, and a von Willebrand factor stain showed moderate to marked vascularity of the enhanced areas. Three tuberculomas showed nonspecific enhancement patterns. Histologically, each of these contained central caseous necrotic material, and two showed a poor vascularized peripheral fibrotic zone.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Effect of intravaginal administration of cisplatin (CDDP) suppositories to uterine cervical cancer--blood and tissue concentrations and the therapeutic effects].

Four patients with cervical cancer (squamous cell carcinoma: two cases of stage Ib, one of stage IIa, adenocarcinoma: one of stage Ib), were treated preoperatively by intravaginal administration of CDDP (20 mg) suppositories with pessary 7 times every other day. The uptake, distribution and antitumor effect of CDDP were investigated. Results were as follows. 1) Serum total platinum (Pt) concentration varied between individual patients. Cmax profile (0.17-0.57 micrograms/ml) of Pt was observed at 12 hours after the total dose of 140 mg administration in all patients. 2) The tissue Pt concentration showed high values in the cervix (average 55.4 micrograms/g), followed by the vagina (13.13), endometrium (3.17), uterine wall (0.64), ovary (0.57), lymph node group: parametrial (1.14), obturator (0.34), inguinal (0.28), external iliac (0.51), internal iliac (0.42) and common iliac (0.54). Para-aortic node value was too low to detect. 3) Colposcopic findings were disappearance of bleeding and reduction of tumor outgrowth. Microscopic findings were degeneration and necrosis of cancer nest from the surface to about 2 mm depth of the cervix. In conclusion, it may be necessary to improve CDDP penetration from the tumor surface for effective local chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Hypernatremic myopathy.

We describe a 21-year-old man presenting with proximal muscle weakness associated with hypernatremia. His manifestations other than muscle weakness included dry skin, loss of axillary and pubic hair, decreased libido and loss of thirst sensation. His serum sodium level was elevated to 169-171 mEq./l but all other electrolytes were normal. In addition, serum CK was elevated and an EMG study showed myogenic changes. Endocrinological studies revealed hypothalamic hypopituitarism, while MRI revealed a suprasellar mass. A partial correction of hypernatremia led to an immediate recovery of the muscle weakness as well as a normalization of both the serum CK level and EMG findings, suggesting a direct association between the muscle weakness and hypernatremia. The phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphorus (PCr/Pi) ratios in the resting calf muscle, obtained using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), were very low during the state of muscle weakness, while they returned to nearly normal values after clinical improvement, suggesting that the muscle weakness in hypernatremic state was caused by a depletion of the intramuscular energy stores, probably due to an overworking Na-K pump to correct the intracellular electrolyte imbalance.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Study on self-recording audiogram of sudden deafness.

Self-recording audiograms of sudden deafness in 54 patients were studied for the relationship between type of Jerger's classification, hearing loss at the initial examination, and prognosis of hearing loss. Type I of Jerger's classification was shown in patients with slight to profound hearing loss, whereas Type II + IV was shown more frequently in cases with profound hearing loss. Many patients of Types I and II were among those who recovered completely or markedly, while patients of Type II + IV were found more frequently among those who recovered or had unchanged hearing.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1994

[A case of Jordans' anomaly].

A 35-years old female with Jordans' anomaly was reported. She had been treated for diabetes mellitus and hypertension at another hospital. She was admitted to our hospital for operation for diabetic retinopathy on July 9, 1992. Wright-Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear revealed multiple vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the granulocytes and monocytes. Histochemical studies of these vacuoles showed positive for Sudan III but negative for peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and PAS staining. Electron microscopic examination revealed that lipid containing vacuoles had no clear membrane and were not associated with cell organelles. Laboratory findings of the serum showed hyperglycemia (FBS 188mg/dl), high HbA1c level (9.4%) and mild type IIa hyperlipidemia. Abdominal sonogram and abdominal CT showed no remarkable abnormalities except for mild fatty liver. Her elder sister and daughter had similar morphological findings in granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Lp(a) serum concentrations in diabetes mellitus].

Lp(a) has been considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, mainly for coronary heart disease. Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated elevation of Lp(a) serum concentration in diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of death in diabetic patients, but there is little information available concerning the importance of Lp(a) in these patients. We investigated the relationship between Lp(a) serum concentration and the presence of chronic diabetic complications. Lp(a) was determined in 14 IDDM patients and 62 NIDDM patients. Median Lp(a) serum concentration in diabetics was 21.8 mg/dl, which was significantly higher than in nondiabetic controls described before. Glucose, HbA1c, fructosamine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, B and E were not associated with raised Lp(a) values. With increasing Lp(a) levels, higher prevalences of retinopathy and of albuminuria were observed. We conclude that in diabetic patients, Lp(a) levels are elevated compared with non-diabetic subjects, and that higher Lp(a) levels are associated with higher prevalences of retinopathy and of albuminuria.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Ultrasonographic abdominal screening of atomic bomb-exposed subjects.

Abdominal ultrasonographic screening for cancer was performed in 6,001 Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb exposed and comparison subjects, all members of the Adult Health Study of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, formerly the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission. This study yielded 20 cancers, including 7 hepatocellular, 3 gastric, 3 renal and 2 urinary bladder cancers; one cancer each of the ovary, pancreas, colon and ureter; and one cancer metastatic to the liver, whose primary was unknown. Seventeen of these 20 subjects manifested no symptoms or signs of their disease. A variety of additional tumors, unproven and probably benign, including uterine myomata, and other abnormalities were also detected. Abdominal ultrasonographic screening greatly assisted in the detection of cancers, most of which neither the patients nor their physicians were aware. In this screened fixed population sample the cancer detection rate was 0.33%, exceeding any such rates previously reported in the medical literature.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1993

[Acute mixed lineage leukemia showing resistance to AML and ALL therapy].

A 51-year-old female was who admitted complaining of cough and slight fever and lower limb petechia. The laboratory examinations revealed leukocytosis (49,400/microliters) with blasts (71%) in the peripheral blood. The NCC was 30 x 10(4)/microliters with 84.8% blasts in the bone marrow. Myeloperoxidase staining was positive for 6% of blasts. Auer rods were not seen in some blasts. Thus, acute myeloblastic leukemia (M1) was diagnosed according to FAB classification. In the peripheral blood, 43.3% of blasts expressed CD19, 10.3% of blasts expressed CD20 and 55.6% of blasts expressed CD33 on admission. Though she received two courses of DCMP according to the DCMP-85 protocol, and one combined course of mitoxantrone, etoposide, and Ara-C. The NCC was 20.0 x 10(4)/microliters with 70% blasts in the bone marrow. CD19 was expressed by 72.4% of blasts and 35.0% expressed CD20. The ALL-90 protocol was started, but remission was not achieved. Thus this case was considered to be acute mixed lineage leukemia.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1992

Characteristic findings of hepatocellular carcinoma: an evaluation with comparative study of US, CT, and MRI.

The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasonography (US), dynamic incremented computed tomography (CT) with delayed phase imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without Gd-DTPA were studied for detecting the characteristic appearances of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC): fibrous capsules, fibrous septa, and mosaic appearances. Results were prospectively evaluated in 30 patients who subsequently underwent hepatic lobectomies or segmentectomies. Pathologic evaluations of the resected liver specimens demonstrated fibrous capsules in 20 tumors (66.7%), fibrous septa in 13 tumors (43.3%), and mosaic appearances in 19 tumors (63.3%). The accuracies for fibrous capsules were 71.4% (20 of 28) for US, 81.5% (22 of 27) for CT, and 92.3% (24 of 26) for MRI. The accuracies for fibrous septa were 57.1% (16 of 28) for US, 59.3% (16 of 27) for CT, and 73.1% (19 of 26) for MRI. The accuracies for mosaic appearances were 71.4% (20 of 28) for US, 51.9% (14 of 27) for CT, and 69.2% (18 of 26) for MRI. Gd-DTPA administered MRI showed higher accuracies than did conventional MRI for all manifestations. In conclusion, the fibrous capsules of HCCs were readily detected by CT and MRI. Gd-DTPA administration demonstrated an advantage in clarifying fibrous capsules, as well as fibrous septa and mosaic appearances.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Fetal development of mice following intrauterine exposure to a static magnetic field of 6.3 T.

The study was undertaken to investigate possible teratogenic effects of a high magnetic field on fetal development in mice. Eighty-four pregnant CD-1 mice (ICR) were exposed to a static magnetic field of 6.3 T for 1 hr a day from day 7 through day 14 of gestation, a period corresponding to major organogenesis. Fifty mice served as controls. Dams were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for both external and skeletal abnormalities. No significant differences between exposed and control groups were observed regarding litter size, fetal weight, intrauterine mortality rate, or external and skeletal anomalies. The effects of static magnetic field of 6.3 T on the parameters studied appear negligible.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors (hepatoma, hemangioma, and metastasis) with CT: value of two-phase incremental imaging.

Two-phase dynamic incremental CT is a technique in which CT scans are obtained 45 sec and 6 min after commencing the rapid bolus injection of contrast medium. We analyzed the contrast enhancement patterns of three types of hepatic tumors (72 hepatomas, 39 hemangiomas, and 28 metastases) in 139 patients to determine if any differences in the patterns are useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Dynamic incremental CT scanning was performed after 100 ml of iodinated contrast material was administered i.v. with a power injector at a rate of 2 ml/sec. A 1-sec scanning time was used with a 1.6-sec inter-scan delay, which allowed table motion between scans. CT scans (eight to 16 sections) were obtained 45-110 sec (early phase) and 6-7 min (delayed phase) after commencing the injection of contrast medium. The enhancement patterns of hepatomas were as follows: 32% were totally hyperdense in the early phase and totally hypodense in the delayed phase, while 24% were totally hypodense in both phases. Most of the hepatomas (88%) appeared as totally hypodense lesions in the delayed phase. In the case of hemangiomas, 56% were peripherally hyperdense in the early phase; in the delayed phase, 36% were isodense and 31% were totally hyperdense. Most hemangiomas (85%) were not totally hypodense in the early phase, and no hemangioma was totally hypodense in both phases. In the early phase, 61% of metastases were hypodense. In the delayed phase, 57% were hypodense. Metastases most commonly were totally hypodense in both phases (43%). We conclude that contrast enhancement patterns of hepatomas, hemangiomas, and metastases seen on two-phase dynamic incremental CT scans are useful in the differential diagnosis of these tumors.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1992

Transforming growth factor-beta modulates effects of epidermal growth factor on corneal epithelial cells.

In order to understand the mechanisms that bring about maintenance and restoration of the integrity of corneal epithelium, we investigated independent and combined effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on rabbit corneal epithelial cells in cell and organ culture. Specifically, we determined whether incubation with these factors influenced 1) cellular proliferation, 2) ability of cells to attach to a fibronectin matrix, and 3) the rate of epithelial migration over corneal stroma. Incubation with TGF-beta caused a dose-related decrease in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by the epithelial cells. EGF increased 3H-thymidine incorporation, but this effect was antagonized by the addition of TGF-beta into the incubation medium. Incubation with EGF increased the numbers of cells that attached to a fibronectin matrix. TGF-beta itself did not affect the number of attached cells but, again, it antagonized the stimulatory effect of EGF. Similarly, when corneal blocks were cultured with EGF, epithelial migration increased in a dose-related manner. TGF-beta itself did not affect epithelial migration at any of the concentrations tested (0.1-10 ng/ml), but it antagonized EGF-stimulated epithelial migration. These findings suggest that the proliferation and the migration of corneal epithelial cells are regulated by different mechanisms, and that TGF-beta serves as a modulator of the effects of EGF.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Detection of free radicals in UV-irradiated lens by spin trapping ESR.

We have made an ESR study on the UV-photolysis of lens and identified the origins of free radicals involved in the initial photochemical process by spin trapping technique. Two spin adducts were detected on irradiation of canine lens in the presence of a spin trapping reagent (DMPO); a spin adduct of sulfur centered radical derived from glutathione and the protonated adduct of hydrated electron. A free radical mechanism of initial photochemical injury in UV-irradiated lens was discussed, comparing with a photolysis of tryptophan plus cysteine solution.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Coordinated appearance of beta 1 integrins and fibronectin during corneal wound healing.

Fibronectin, which appears at wound sites, serves as a temporary matrix for the epithelial migration involved in healing. Cellular responses to fibronectin have not yet been elucidated. We visualized beta 1 integrins, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV by immunofluorescence techniques at various intervals after single, nonpenetrating incision in the corneas of rats to investigate the chronologic changes in the localization of these proteins during corneal epithelial wound healing. In unwounded corneas beta 1 integrins were found on basal cells of the corneal epithelium and fibronectin was found in the corneal subepithelial region, at Descemet's membrane, and in streaks between collagen fibers of the stroma. Both laminin and collagen type IV were found in the subepithelial region and Descemet's membrane. Immediately after the incision, fibronectin was visible on the surface of the V-shaped defect of the stroma; epithelial cell expressed beta 1 integrins began to migrate over the defect and to fill it. When healing was almost completed, beta 1 integrin staining of epithelial cells diminished, except for in basal cells. Staining of fibronectin diminished at the interface between the new epithelium and the stroma. Laminin and collagen type IV were not seen between the migrating epithelial cells and the underlying stroma until epithelial cells completely covered the defect. Appearance and disappearance of beta 1 integrins and fibronectin are thus well coordinated during corneal epithelial wound healing process, suggesting an active involvement of beta 1 integrins and fibronectin.

Animals↗