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Biomedical subjects

J Moss

Publications and source records attributed to J Moss.

610 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase: filamentous nature of the animal enzymes.

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylases purified from several animal tissues exist as enzymatically active polymeric filaments of high molecular weight and have simillar electron microscopic, hydrodynamic, and catalytic properties. These filaments reversibly dissociate into inactive protomers of uniform size. Their re-assembly into catalytically active filaments is promoted by the presence of an allosteric activator.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic and catecholamine responses associated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for nephrolithiasis are anesthetized and immersed in water in a semisitting position. Hypertension and tachycardia have been reported to accompany ESWL, and it was hypothesized that those problems were a result of adrenal medullary release of epinephrine or norepinephrine. Therefore, the effects of ESWL on cardiovascular variables and circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in nine patients anesthetized with 1.1% isoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen were studied. End-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) was maintained at 34 +/- 2 mmHg. Cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) was calculated at the following time points: (1) after immersion prior to shock wave therapy (control); (2) after 300 shocks; (3) after 800 shocks; and (4) 5 minutes after the completion of ESWL with the patient still immersed. Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were determined at the above times as well as before and after induction of anesthesia but prior to immersion. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in CO and an increase (p less than 0.05) in MAP and TPR with ESWL treatment. These values returned to baseline levels when treatment was stopped. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine values did not change significantly throughout the study period. It was concluded that these ESWL-associated hemodynamic changes were probably not mediated via epinephrine or norepinephrine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of body surface area.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of body surface area (BSA) calculations proposed in the literature and their applicability to patient populations such as neonates and parturients. DESIGN: Using 395 actual BSA measurements in the literature, 15 prediction formulas were assessed for accuracy using the root mean squared error (RMSE) method of prediction. Height/weight distributions of infants and parturients, and the relationship of DuBois and DuBois predictions to actual BSA, were compared using scatter plots. Percentage errors across different body sizes were determined. SETTING: Obstetrics clinic and labor and delivery rooms at the University of Chicago Medical Center. PATIENTS: Sixty women (gestational week 34 to 40) and 148 neonates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured the height and weight of the neonates and the women. We also used the height, weight, and BSA of 395 subjects reported in the literature. Although the commonly used DuBois and DuBois formula was derived from only 10 subjects, our statistical analysis demonstrates that it can be used over a wide range of measured BSAs (RMSE = 6.3%) and patients, including both infants and pregnant women. As BSA increases, so does the absolute prediction error, but the percentage error is greatest for infants, for whom the formula tends to underestimate BSA. There were no other significant differences in predictive accuracy for gender, age, or body habitus. CONCLUSIONS: Several BSA formulas, including the DuBois and DuBois formulas adequately predict measured BSA over a wide range of patient populations. Although the original subjects studied by Dubois and DuBois excluded extremes of height and weight, their formula appears to be a valid predictor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of an H1 antagonist, astemizole, for chronic allergic rhinitis.

Astemizole, a new histamine H1 receptor antagonist, was tested in a double-blind cross-over comparison study with chlorpheniramine maleate, a very effective conventional H1 antagonist, in patients with chronic allergic rhinitis. Astemizole was found to be equally effective, yet there was a significant decrease in the side effects of sleepiness (P less than .01) and dry mouth (P less than .05). Astemizole has a completely different structure and binding curves from terfenadine. It is approved for clinical use in the United Kingdom, Canada, and many European countries.

Astemizole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural localization of laminin and type IV collagen in normal human breast.

The ability of carcinomas to invade and metastasize depends in part on their passage through basement membranes. Two of the major components of basement membranes are type IV collagen and laminin and these have been extensively studied by light microscopical immunocytochemical techniques to investigate alterations in their distribution in human breast carcinomas [1-3]. Breaks in the epithelial basement membrane associated with malignant epithelial tumors have been reported [3, 4]. However, these breaks are based on immunocytochemical observations and have not been correlated with basement membrane morphology. By light microscopical techniques there is no evidence of type IV collagen or laminin between myoepithelial cells or between myoepithelial and epithelial cells and they appear to be restricted to the basement membrane surrounding the entire ductule of the breast. By electron microscopy the basement membrane region contains a linear, homogeneous, electron-dense region (lamina densa) beneath a clear zone (lamina lucida) directly beneath the epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the breast ductule. These two regions constitute the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes are present on the basal aspect of myoepithelial cells where fine filaments connect these regions to the adjacent basal lamina. The extracellular matrix components laminin and type IV collagen have both been localized in the basement membrane of the normal human breast ductule. Breaks in the continuity of these components occur in breast carcinomas and have been implicated in tumor metastasis. Using a postembedding ultrastructural immunogold technique, laminin and type IV collagen were distributed within the basal lamina surrounding the normal human breast ductule. Both components were present diffusely along the basal lamina and were not localized to particular regions, and neither were present between epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Laminin binding of these cells thus probably occurs only at the basal aspect where they are in contact with the basal lamina and is not involved in the cell-cell adhesion between epithelial and myoepithelial cells. This study provides a basis for further ultrastructural investigations of extracellular matrix components in normal and neoplastic breast tissue.

Breast↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Light and electron microscopic study of an invasive cribriform carcinoma with extensive microcalcification developing in a breast with silicone augmentation.

Although recent epidemiologic studies suggest that silicone augmentation of the breast is not associated with an increased risk of mammary carcinoma, cases of breast carcinoma arising in augmented breasts are being increasingly encountered as a large number of patients who had augmentation are getting older. A case of a 51-year-old woman with a 20-year history of breast augmentation who developed an invasive cribriform carcinoma associated with extensive microcalcification is presented. The patient had submammary silicone implants 20 years ago that were replaced, because of local complications, in subpectoral positions 10 years later. Dispersive X-ray microanalysis failed to demonstrate silicone in sections of the tumor and adjacent breast tissue. Appropriately fixed tumor tissue was available for electron microscopic examination. The tumor cells were rich in mitochondria, and their luminal surfaces were endowed with abundant microvilli, but the cell surfaces that came closest to the calcified microspheriols were devoid of microvilli and had cellular buddings between the microspheriols. It is suggested that the tumor cells might have been actively involved in the process of microcalcification.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Performance indicators for discharge planning: a focused review of the literature.

The literature on discharge planning was reviewed with the aim of developing performance indicators to complement the phases of successful discharge planning of: assessment of need, development of plans, implementation of plans and evaluation of outcome. The researchers suggest that these four phases link closely with steps in the Total Quality Management (TQM) cycle of thinking, planning, acting and reviewing. The literature review took account of stakeholders in discharge planning, defining them as hospital and community services, funding bodies and patients and carers. While the literature generally supports the need to develop discharge planning performance indicators, there were few concrete examples that reflected all phases of discharge planning or the needs of all stakeholders. The literature has focused largely on nursing discharge planning activities for specific patient groups, and/or particular hospital and community settings, and has commonly addressed only one or two phases of discharge planning. There were few articles that explored health outcome or cost savings derived from discharge planning on a large scale or over the longer term. The researchers conceptualised a notion of domains of quality discharge planning (efficiency of discharge planning process, timeliness of decision-making, stakeholder satisfaction and managing impediments to discharge), and propose performance indicators that address each discharge planning phase from the perspective of stakeholders.

Efficiency, Organizational↗