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Biomedical subjects

J Morris

Publications and source records attributed to J Morris.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Rapid sequence induction: a national survey of practice.

We performed a national postal survey exploring anaesthetists' practice in rapid sequence induction. All respondents used pre-oxygenation, although the technique employed, and its reliability, varied. Thiopental and succinylcholine, given after waiting for signs of loss of consciousness, were the most widely used drugs for rapid sequence induction. Propofol and rocuronium were used by more than a third of respondents, and most respondents (75%) also routinely administered an opioid. Cricoid pressure was used universally but the practice of its application varied widely. The commonest aids used if intubation was difficult were the gum elastic bougie, the long laryngoscope blade and the laryngeal mask. After failed intubation, approximately half of respondents would maintain the supine position. Failure to intubate at rapid sequence intubation had been seen by 45% of respondents but harm was uncommon. In contrast, 28% had seen regurgitation, which frequently led to considerable harm and to three deaths. In spite of this, practice of a failed intubation drill was uncommon (15%) and anaesthetic assistants were rarely known to practice application of cricoid pressure. Consultants were less likely than trainees to use rocuronium as a muscle relaxant, and more likely to choose morphine if administering an opioid. They were less likely to practice a failed intubation drill. Other aspects of practice varied little between grades. This survey suggests that many anaesthetists do not follow best practice when performing a rapid sequence induction.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2001

Peer assessment: a missing link between teaching and learning? A review of the literature.

Selected theoretical and empirical educational literature relating to peer review were evaluated. The aim of the survey was to provide guidance with regard to the possible introduction of peer review within the author's place of work. The results of the survey highlighted the positive benefits peer review had in terms of professional development, the development of transferable graduate skills, and in more general terms with regard to learning strategies. The conclusions drawn from the survey highlight the importance of broadening the research to part-time students where difficulties with regard to the formation of groups might be encountered, as well as the positive benefit of peer review as a method of assessment.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Student placements--is there evidence supporting team skill development in clinical practice settings?

This paper proposes the clinical setting as an ideal learning environment for the development of skills conductive to collaborative practice. The argument is supported by findings from a small evaluation study. One cohort of physiotherapy students (n = 43) were surveyed immediately prior to their graduation in 1997, regarding their experience of the availability and quality of interprofessional learning opportunities in the various clinical placement areas, that comprised the final and intensive component of their clinical education programme. Their perception of interprofessional learning processes and outcomes was explored and their views as to factors that facilitated or inhibited their learning elicited. Interprofessional learning opportunities were available across the practice spectrum with a slightly more positive 'snapshot' of collaborative practice in the acute sector depicted. Case conferences, team meetings, ward rounds and discharge planning were confirmed as important interprofessional learning activities. Innovative methods of promoting collaborative practice and prerequisite skills, used currently by therapists, acting as clinical educators, emerged as potential strategies for interprofessional clinical education. The importance of the educational skill and orientation of the clinical educator in nurturing team skills development in students was highlighted.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed2001

Regulation of MUC1 expression in human mammary cell lines by the c-ErbB2 and ras signaling pathways.

The MUC1 protein is a highly O-glycosylated transmembrane molecule that is expressed at the luminal surface of most glandular epithelial cells and is upregulated in carcinomas. Here, we report the effect of the activation of the c-ErbB2 --> Ras pathway on the expression of the MUC1 gene in the nontumorigenic mammary cell lines MTSV1-7 and HB2 and in the malignant cell lines T47D and ZR75. Endogenous levels of MUC1 mRNA and protein in HB2 clones permanently overexpressing c-ErbB2 or V12-H-Ras were markedly reduced compared with levels in the parental cell lines. Furthermore, in transient transfection assays, the transcription of a CAT reporter construct driven by the MUC1 promoter was inhibited when cotransfected with a c-ErbB2 or a V12-H-ras expressing vector. Transient transfections using mutant forms of the ras oncogene, and the inhibitor chemical wortmannin, indicated that the pathway activated by c-ErbB2 proceeds via activation of Ras and that the Raf and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways are involved. Finally, cotransfection assays using a reporter gene driven by the MUC1 promoter carrying abolishing mutations in some of the cis-acting elements showed that a GC box at -99/-91 is crucial for responsiveness to c-ErbB2 inhibition of transcription.

Androstadienes↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic behavior of lung surfactant.

We have previously developed an adsorption-limited model to describe the exchange of lung surfactant and its fractions to and from an air-liquid interface in oscillatory surfactometers. Here we extend this model to allow for diffusion in the liquid phase. Use of the model in conjunction with experimental data in the literature shows that diffusion-limited transport i.s important for characterizing the transient period from the start of oscillations to the achievement of steady-state conditions. Matching previous data shows that upon high levels of film compression, large changes occur in adsorption rate, desorption rate, and diffusion constant, consistent with what one might expect if the subsurface region was greatly enriched in DPPC. Collapse of the surfactant film that occurs during compression leads to a .significant elevation of surfactant concentration immediately heneath the interface, consistent with the subsurface depot of surfactant that has heen postulated by other investigators. Modeling studies also uncovered a phenomenon of surfactant behavior in which the interfacial tension remains constant at its minimum equilibrium value while the film is compressed, hut without collapse of the film. The phenomenon was due to desorption of surfactant from the interface and termed "pseudo-film collapse.'' The new model also gave improved agreement with steady-state oscillatory cycling in a pulsating bubble surfactometer.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2000

The condition of teeth in the UK in 1998 and implications for the future.

The latest of the decennial surveys of the United Kingdom was undertaken in 1998 by the Office of National Statistics in collaboration with the dental schools of the Universities of Birmingham, Dundee, Newcastle and Wales. Dentate adults in 1998 have fewer missing teeth and more sound and untreated teeth on average than in 1978. The average number of decayed teeth has dropped significantly from 1.9 in 1978 to 1.1 in 1998. The average number of filled teeth has remained fairly constant over the same time but its distribution has changed quite markedly towards older adults having more filled teeth than people of a similar age in the past whilst the reverse is true for younger adults. The overall trends are encouraging, but there is a need to review the way disease is managed in adults in the United Kingdom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Total tooth loss in the United Kingdom in 1998 and implications for the future.

The 1998 Adult Dental Health Survey, published this year, showed that the number of people without teeth should fall over the next three decades, to only 4% of the UK population. Patterns of tooth loss and retention are also changing. This article, the first of a series on the interpretation of the Adult Dental Health Survey, discusses the implications of these trends for dentistry.

Adolescent↗