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Biomedical subjects

J Morgenstern

Publications and source records attributed to J Morgenstern.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The physiologically relevant information regarding systemic blood pressure encoded in the carotid sinus baroreceptor discharge pattern.

1. The objective was to find out what kind of informatioon regarding systemic blood pressure is transduced by baroreceptors in vivo and how this information is coded in the receptor discharge. 2. Carotid sinus pressure, e.c.g., and receptor action potentials were recorded for fifty-two single fibre carotid sinus receptors found in twenty decerebrated unanaesthetized cats. 3. The inflation and gradual deflation of an intraaortic catheter tip balloon manipulated the blood pressure in the carotid sinus in a way as to define the full in vivo stimulus-response curve for each receptor. 4. Correlation coefficients were computed between stimulus and response variables for several points on the response curve of each receptor and for every possible combination of stimulus and response variables defined. 5. Stimulus variables were (a) systolic, (b) diastolic,, (c) mean, (d) pulse pressures and (e) peak positive dP/dt. Response variables were (a) average discharge rat, (b) peak instantaneous frequency, and (c) average burst frequency. 6. For every fibre in the sample only the correlations between systolic, diastolic and mean pressures vs. average discharge rate were consistently high and positive. All other correlations were numerically low and/or negative. 7. It was concluded that in vivo baroreceptors signal mainly pressure level (systolic, diastolic or mean) as opposed to pulse pressure or dP/dt, and that the average discharge rate is their best index of information content.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

[Investigations on the distribution, cause and prevention of early perinatal morbidity (author's transl)].

These investigations were designed to detect causes of early perinatal morbidity in order to develop methods to decrease the perinatal morbidity in our unit. From October 1972 to December 1974 the most important antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum data on 2210 deliveries were coded. In 98% of the cases continuous fetal monitoring was performed. To detect early perinatal morbidity the acid base balance of all deliveries was measured from the umbilical vessels and the Apgar rating was determined at 1,5 and 10 minutes. The data show that a further decrease of the incidence of acidosis and low apgar scores is only possible in a limited way. Of the 13% deliveries with pH values of/or less than 7.15 or Apgar scores of/or less than 6 at 1 minute, only 5% appeared to be avoidable in this retrospective study. The incidence of severe acidosis decreased from 2.3% in 1972 to 1.3% in 1974. A comparison of the years 1973 and 1974 showed an improvement. Apgar scores of 6 or less at one minute decreased from 16 to 10% and severe acidosis with pH values of less than 7.10 decreased from 2.7% to 1.8%. In vaginal operative deliveries, the incidence of severe acidosis was reduced from 8.5% to 1.1%.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1976

[Influence of lumbar peridural anaesthesia on fetal heart rate patterns in the second stage of labour (author's transl)].

The influence of lumbar peridural anaesthesia (PA) on fetal heart rate patterns in the second stage of labour was studied in 218 vaginal deliveries without maternal and fetal risk. A CTG-Score as proposed by Hammacher was used to evaluate fetal heart rate patterns. No influence of PA on fetal heart rate in the second stage of labour was found with primiparae, whereas multiparae showed more normal patterns under PA than without PA. All patients were strictly kept in lateral position throughout the first and second stage of labour. The pushing-period in lateral position was limited to 30 minutes (pushing 3-times per 10 minutes).

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1975

Some remarks concerning the fetal heart rate total dip areas.

It was ascertained whether the sum total of the dip areas 60 minutes prior to delivery is an evaluating parameter for judging the fetal state. The cardiotokograms of 62 deliveries with a normal newborn state (newborn index 1) and forty with a pathological newborn state (newborn index 2 and 3) were digitally computer [5]. By proper programming numerous decriptive dip parameter can be determined, e.g. the amplitude, duration, area, lag time, recovery time, fluctuation before, within, and after the dip. The sum total of the dip areas was calculated from the CTG 60 minutes before delivery. Only cardiotokograms with at least two decelerations were included. The pathological newborn group has a larger mean sum total of dip areas than the group with a normal index (Fig. 1). This difference, however, is not significant. Mean values were calculated for other descriptive parameters, e. g. dip fluctuations, lag time, dip amplitude etc. These also differ only slightly between the two groups. (Fig 2). Hence they give no satisfactory decription of the fetal state. By including several dip parameters simultaneously [7] an evaluating parameter can be determined for both decelerations. The various descriptive parameter are given different weights and are added up (discrimination analysis). In analogy to the sum total of the dip areas the sum total of the evaluating parameters was calculated. The difference between the two groups with respect to these evaluating parameter sums is significant. (Fig. 3). The sum of total dip areas alone does not appear to be a sufficient FHR parameter for evaluating the fetal state. Evaluation is significantly improved by considering simultaneously several descriptive parameters.

Female↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of lumbar peridural anesthesia with catheter on the maternal and fetal acid-base status and the 1 minute apgar score (author's transl)].

Comparison of 650 deliveries with P.A. and of 928 deliveries without P.A. during the same period. PH from the umbilical artery and 1 minute Apgar score were studied in three groups of patients: 1.) All deliveries, 2.) Spontaneous vaginal deliveries without maternal or fetal risk, 3.) Operative vaginal deliveries. The only significant differences were found among the operative vaginal deliveries: The infants of the peridural group showed a higher incidence of pH-values above 7,2 than those of the non peridural group. Analysis of the maternal acid-base status showed less respiratory alcalosis and less metabolic acidosis in the peridural group. The neonates of this group showed a lower post partum metabolic acidosis than those in the non peridural group.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Illness severity and self-efficacy as course predictors of DSM-IV alcohol dependence in a multisite clinical sample.

Illness severity and self-efficacy are two constructs of growing interest as predictors of clinical response in alcoholism. Using alternative measures of illness severity (DSM-IV symptom count, Alcohol Dependence Scale, and Addiction Severity Index) and self-efficacy (brief version of the Situational Confidence Questionnaire) rigorously controlled for theoretically important background variables, we studied their unique contribution to multiple indices of relapse, relapse latency, and use of alternative coping behaviors in a large, heterogeneous clinical sample. The Alcohol Dependence Scale contributed to the prediction of 4 of 5 relapse indicators. The SCQ failed to predict relapse behavior or its precursor, coping response. The findings emphasize the predictive validity of severity of dependence as a course specifier and underline the need for more sensitive and externally valid measures of cognitive processes such as self-efficacy for application in future studies of posttreatment behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effective technology transfer in alcoholism treatment.

Alcoholism treatment services in the United States continue to be characterized by a lack of evidence-based care. Problems establishing effective research-practice knowledge transfer stem, in part, from the strong allegiance of scientists and practitioners to contrasting treatment models. Four underlying assumptions of the Minnesota model that continue to guide the delivery of alcohol services in the United States are identified and related research is reviewed. Findings indicate little support for these assumptions. However, support for superiority of alternative science-based treatments to replace current practices varies. To facilitate effective technology transfer, research practitioner collaboration must be promoted. Research paradigms are needed that possess high salience to practitioners while preserving scientific rigor. Two examples of studies involving research-practitioner collaboration are described.

Alcoholism↗