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Biomedical subjects

J Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to J Moreno.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Reduction of oral bioavailability of paracetamol by tolmetin in rat.

The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol alone and coadministered with tolmetin were studied in male Wistar rats. Open pharmacokinetic model of one and two compartments were fitted to experimental average plasma levels of paracetamol. Simultaneously fittings (intravenous and oral curves showed significant statistical differences for bioavailability estimated parameters (AUCev, F and K01). Also significant statistical differences were found for alfa, beta, K21 and Vd(ss) estimated parameters. Oral paracetamol bioavailability reduction (24%) was observed by coadministration of tolmetin in the rat. Since AUCiv and plasma clearance of paracetamol remained unchanged after intravenous coadministration, may be suggested that absorption process seems responsible of paracetamol bioavailability reduction.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Influence of the physiological state of the inoculum on fermentation of musts from Pedro Ximénez grapes by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Two inocula in different physiological states, namely in the exponential growth phase and in the declining phase were prepared from a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With these inocula were fermented musts from grapes of the Pedro Ximénez variety, sterilized by filtration. Cell growth and the activity of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase [NADP+ and NAD(P)+] were found to vary with the state of the inoculum. This was reflected in the specific rate of production and, in some instances, in the final concentration of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, ethanol, isoamyl alcohols, phenethyl alcohol and their esters in the wine.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1990

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases circulating burst forming unit-erythron and red blood cell production in patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a major regulatory factor controlling red blood cell (RBC) production in humans. Although other humoral factors can alter the proliferation of committed early erythroid progenitors in vitro, no factor other than EPO has been clearly shown to induce proliferation of these cells in vivo. In a clinical trail of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and recombinant EPO in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we noted reticulocytosis and increases in hemoglobin when G-CSF was administered before the administration of EPO. Subsequent studies demonstrated a significant increase in circulating burst forming unit-erythron (BFU-E) during daily recombinant G-CSF therapy. This increase was both time- and dose-dependent. The magnitude of increase in BFU-E correlated with the magnitude of increase in neutrophils and was associated with a mean increase in reticulocytes of 32,363/microL and a significant increase in mean hemoglobin of 1.04 +/- 0.34 g/dL over an 18-day interval. There was a significant increase in iron binding capacity and decreases in iron saturation and ferritin levels. In patients who were not recently transfused, there was an associated fall in endogenous erythropoietin levels. The increase in RBC production was most marked in patients who were severely anemic, transfusion-dependent, and who had elevated pretreatment EPO levels. There was no correlation between the increase in BFU-E and endogenous EPO levels or the time since last dose of zidovudine. The addition of recombinant EPO therapy three times weekly to patients did not result in further significant increases in BFU-E but did significantly increase hemoglobin. Our data suggest that recombinant G-CSF may be one of the hematopoietic factors that influences production of BFU-E and RBCs in humans.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Co-dominant restriction by a mixed-haplotype I-A molecule (alpha k beta b) for the lysozyme peptide 52-61 in H-2k x H-2b F1 mice.

Helper (CD4+) T lymphocytes recognize protein Ag as peptides associated to MHC class II molecules. The polymorphism of class II alpha- and beta-chains has a major influence on the nature of the peptides presented to CD4+ T lymphocytes. For instance, T cell responses in H-2k and H-2b mice are directed at different epitopes of the hen egg lysozyme (HEL) molecule. The current studies were undertaken with the aim of defining the role of mixed haplotype I-A (alpha k beta b and alpha b beta k) molecules in T cell responses to HEL in (H-2k x H-2b)F1 mice, as well as the nature of the immunogenic peptides of HEL recognized in the context of I-A alpha k beta b and I-A alpha b beta k. A series of HEL-reactive T cell lines and hybridomas derived from MHC class II heterozygous (C57BL/6 x C3H F1) mice were established. Their responsiveness to HEL and synthetic HEL peptides was analyzed with the use of L cells transfected with either I-A alpha k beta b or I-A alpha b beta k as APC. Out of 28 clonal T cell hybridomas tested, 13 (46%) only responded to HEL presented by I-A alpha k beta b, 11 (40%) by I-A alpha b beta k (and to a minor extent I-A alpha k beta k), only 4 (14%) were primarily restricted by I-Ak, and none by I-Ab. All the I-A alpha k beta b-restricted T cell hybridomas responded to the HEL peptide 46-61 and to its shorter fragment 52-61, even at concentrations as low as 0.3 nM. As this determinant has been previously defined as immunodominant for I-Ak but not for I-Ab mice, these results suggest a role for the I-A alpha k chain in the selection and immunodominance of HEL 52-61 in H-2k mice. The fine specificity of I-A alpha k beta b-restricted T cell hybridomas for a series of different HEL peptides around the sequence 52 to 61 suggests that peptide 52-61 binds to I-A alpha k beta b with higher affinity than to I-A alpha k beta k. The peptides recognized in the context of I-A alpha b beta k and I-A alpha k beta k were not identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Increased susceptibility of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase to proteolytic degradation caused by oxidative treatments.

The susceptibility of the chloroplastic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase to proteolysis by trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase K, and papain is enhanced by oxidative treatments including spontaneous oxidation of cysteines. Proteinases exhibit a high specificity for the oxidized inactive form of the carboxylase, cleaving its large subunit. Treatment of the inactive enzyme with dithiothreitol results in partial recovery of both carboxylase activity and resistance to proteolysis. This behavior may explain the specific degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase that occurs in vivo during leaf senescence.

Cysteine↗
PubMed1990

The function of the invariant chain in antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules.

The existence of different pathways of antigen presentation by class I and class II molecules raises two fundamental questions. (1) Why are class II, but not class I molecules, transported to the endosomal compartment where the exogenous antigen is met? (2) What are the mechanisms that prevent class II molecules from being occupied and blocked by endogenous peptides before they reach endosomes? These and other questions were discussed at the recent 7th International HLA/H-2 Workshop. In round table discussions particular attention was paid to the class-II-associated invariant chain, because it was considered that this molecule was a likely candidate to explain some of the differences of class I and class II molecules in antigen presentation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor, a Lectin-Like Protein in the Seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris.

The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, contains a glycoprotein that inhibits the activity of mammalian and insect alpha-amylases, but not of plant alpha-amylases. It is therefore classified as an antifeedant or seed defense protein. In P. vulgaris cv Greensleeves, alpha-amylase inhibitor (alphaAl) is present in embryonic axes and cotyledons, but not in other organs of the plant. The protein is synthesized during the same time period that phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin are made and also accumulates in the protein storage vacuoles (protein bodies). Purified alphaAl can be resolved by SDS-PAGE into five bands (M(r) 15,000-19,000), four of which have covalently attached glycans. These bands represent glycoforms of two different polypeptides. All the glycoforms have complex glycans that are resistant to removal by endoglycosidase H, indicating transport of the protein through the Golgi apparatus. The two different polypeptides correspond to the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of a lectin-like protein encoded by an already identified gene or a gene closely related to it (LM Hoffman [1984] J Mol Appl Genet 2: 447-453; J Moreno, MJ Chrispeels [1989] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:7885-7889). The primary translation product of alphaAl is a polypeptide of M(r) 28,000. Immunologically cross-reacting glycopolypeptides of M(r) 30,000 to 35,000 are present in the endoplasmic reticulum, while the smaller polypeptides (M(r) 15,000-19,000) accumulate in protein storage vacuoles (protein bodies). Together these data indicate that alphaAl is a typical bean lectin-type protein that is synthesized on the rough endoplasmlc reticulum, modified in the Golgi, and transported to the protein storage vacuoles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Expression analysis of a pseudogene in transgenic tobacco: a frameshift mutation prevents mRNA accumulation.

Seeds of the Pinto cultivar of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, are deficient in phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a lectin normally composed of two different polypeptides (PHA-E and PHA-L). In Pinto seeds, there is no PHA-E and only small amounts of PHA-L. The gene coding for the Pinto PHA-E, Pdlec1, is a pseudogene as a result of a single base pair deletion in codon 11, causing a frameshift and premature termination of translation. This mutation explains the absence of the PHA-E polypeptide but not the several-hundredfold reduction of the cytoplasmic Pdlec1 mRNA in developing seeds when compared with a normal PHA-E gene. To find the cause for this reduction in mRNA levels, we swapped gene fragments of Pdlec1 with the homologous parts of a normal PHA gene from the cultivar Greensleeves and introduced these fusions into tobacco. Analysis of the transgenic seeds showed that the Pdlec1 promoter is fully functional. We also repaired the Pdlec1 coding frame in vitro and inserted the repaired and unrepaired versions into a PHA gene expression cassette. In transgenic tobacco, both constructs showed Pdlec1 transcript accumulation in the second half of seed maturation. The single-base frame repair boosted the peak transcript levels by a factor of 40 and resulted in the synthesis of PHA-E at normal levels. We propose that the premature translational stop caused by the frameshift leads to a faster breakdown of the Pdlec1 mRNA, thereby preventing this transcript from accumulating to high levels.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1990

Dynamics of Yeast Populations during Cider Fermentation in the Asturian Region of Spain.

The influence of different cidermaking systems and apple mixtures on the dynamics of yeast populations in cider manufactured in Asturias (northern Spain) were studied. Results obtained in an experimental pilot plant were compared with those found in Asturian cider plants by using traditional techniques. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata were found in all cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Presence of caries and periodontal disease in Spanish students. Overview of results obtained in different localities].

Results of our survey in 11 locations of Spain are assembled in an overview showing percentages of persons according to the highest C.P.I.T.N. code defected for each one, the prevalence of caries-free-children and mean D.M.F.T. scores. We have also studied the differences between urban and rural populations. Rural children presented higher D.M.F.T. an D.T. scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Immediate and 1-year survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation at an intensive care unit].

Eighty consecutive patients requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) were prospectively studied. The immediate survival rate and the survival rates after 48 hours, at the time of hospital discharge and one year later were evaluated. Forty-one patients (51%) initially recovered from CRA, 20 died in the hospital and 17 (21% of the initial group) survived after one year. Survival was related to: 1) the mechanism of CRA. Ventricular tachycardia-fibrillation (VT-VF) had a better prognosis than asystole (AS) and electromechanical dissociation (EMD) (p less than 0.005). 2) Duration of CPR. The survival was higher when CPR lasted for less than 15 minutes (p less than 0.001). 3) Underlying disease. The classification of the patients in three categories depending on the underlying condition permitted an approach to the prognosis of CPR. Group A: patients who did not benefit from CPR, without survivors at the time of hospital discharge. Group B: patients who had a benefit from CPR, with a 37% survival at the time of hospital discharge and 33% after one year, with a good quality of life and a good neurological status. Group C: patients in whom the benefit of CPR was variable, with a similar survival rate as group B at the time of discharge, but with a reduction to 20% in the subsequent year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of HLA-A2 antigens in normal and HLA-Cw3-transgenic mice.

It is well established that a large fraction of murine cytotoxic T cells can recognize allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, and that the majority of this response are not restricted by H-2 antigens of the responding host. In contrast, the murine response against the xenogeneic HLA class I antigens is relatively weak. Moreover, a large proportion of the responding murine T cells do not recognize the HLA antigen per se but only in an H-2-restricted manner, probably as an HLA peptide bound to H-2. Considerable evidence suggests that in mice the T cell repertoire is selected by thymic H-2 antigens. Therefore, we asked the question whether in transgenic mice expressing an HLA class I antigen the T cell repertoire would be shaped toward a more effective recognition of other HLA alleles. Normal C57BL/6 (B6) and HLA-Cw3-transgenic B6 mice were immunized with a B6-derived cell line transfected with HLA-A2. The resulting A2-specific CTL were tested on L cells transfected with either A2 alone, which should identify the H-2-unrestricted CTL, and on L cells transfected with A2 plus H-2b genes, which should identify the sum of H-2b-restricted and unrestricted CTL. Both bulk culture and limiting dilution experiments showed that the CTL precursor frequencies for A2-specific CTL were not increased in the transgenic mice, and that both strains produced comparable proportions of H-2b-restricted and of unrestricted A2-specific CTL. The B6.Cw3 mice seemed to respond less well to HLA-A2 than the normal B6 mice, suggesting the possibility of tolerance for peptides shared by the Cw3 and A2 molecules. In conclusion, the T cells in the B6.Cw3 transgenic mice did not seem to be selected towards a stronger and more unrestricted recognition of an allo-HLA antigen. The possible reasons are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A lectin gene encodes the alpha-amylase inhibitor of the common bean.

An alpha-amylase inhibitor that inhibits insect and mammalian alpha-amylases but not plant alpha-amylases, is present in seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). We have purified the alpha-amylase inhibitor by using a selective heat treatment in acidic medium and affinity chromatography with porcine pancreas alpha-amylase coupled to agarose. Under sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, the purified inhibitor gave rise to five bands with mobilities corresponding to molecular masses ranging from 14 to 19 kDa. N-terminal sequencing (up to 15 amino acids) of the polypeptides obtained from these bands resulted in only two different sequences matching two stretches of the amino acid sequence deduced from an already described lectin gene [Hoffman, L. M. (1984) J. Mol. Appl. Gen. 2,447-453]. This gene is different from but closely related to the genes that code for phytohemagglutinin, the major lectin of bean. Further evidence based on amino acid composition, identification of a precursor, and recognition of the product of the gene (expressed in Escherichia coli) by an anti-alpha-amylase inhibitor serum confirms that the inhibitor is encoded by this or a closely related lectin gene. This finding assigns a biological function, which has been described at the molecular level, to a plant lectin gene product and supports the defense role postulated for seed lectins. The lack of homology with other families of enzyme inhibitors suggests that this may be the first member of a new family of plant enzyme inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of the attitude of the hospital staff regarding the hepatitis B vaccine].

The attitude of the staff of the University Hospital Virgen de la Macarena in Sevilla was evaluated to assess their degree of information about hepatitis B vaccine, their attitude towards vaccination and the possible causes of the latter. To this end, a survey was carried out among 200 individuals from the hospital staff, distributed in four professional level categories (doctors, nurses, clinical assistants and attendants). The level of knowledge of the disease, the participation in the vaccination and the future attitude were evaluated. Group differences were also analysed. The results showed a low information level about the vaccine (81.5% were not adequately informed), a low vaccination index (13.5%) and a low intention to be vaccinated in the future (34.6%), mostly due to poor information.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Renal leiomyosarcoma associated with xeroderma pigmentosum.

We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the kidney, presenting in the course of xeroderma pigmentosum, which debuted clinically as Wünderlich's syndrome due to spontaneous rupture of the tumor. We describe the case history and discuss the cutaneous disorder, analyzing the clinical and etiopathogenic factors, and conclude with an attempt to establish a relationship between the two pathologies.

Child↗