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Biomedical subjects

J Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to J Moreno.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

T-dependent areas in the chicken bursa of Fabricius: an immunohistological study.

BACKGROUND: The so-called diffusely infiltrated lymphoid tissue of the chicken bursa of Fabricius was previously described as a T-dependent bursal area. METHODS: We have analyzed immunohistologically its postnatal development by using a battery of mAbs, most of them raised specifically to chicken T cells, in order to characterize phenotypically the nature of its cell components, appearance, development, and possible functional significance. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that this tissue represents poorly developed lymphoid aggregates, the cell content reminiscent of that found in other lymphoid tissues occurring throughout the avian gut. The first lymphoid elements appear in this bursal area only after hatching, growing rapidly to reach the adult condition in the second week of postnatal life. They consist mainly of T lymphocytes, including principally. CD4+ TcR alpha V beta 1+ cells, which form cell groups and CD8+ cells, and TcR gamma delta+ lymphocytes, which predominate in the subepithelial area and within the epithelium. MHC Class II molecule-expressing cells and IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-positive B lymphocytes also occupy the subepithelial region. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the bursal diffusely infiltrated lymphoid tissue of the chicken represents gut-associated lymphoid tissue involved in mounting immune responses to antigens that reach the bursal lumen via the cloaca.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Biophysical models as an approach to study passive absorption in drug development: 6-fluoroquinolones.

A preliminary study attempting to assess and explain the intestinal absorption of a series of antibacterial 7-piperazinyl-6-fluoroquinolones is presented. The synthesis, n-octanol partition coefficients, intrinsic rat gut in situ absorption rate constants, and in vitro antibacterial activity data found for these homologous compounds are described. A fluorimetric, reverse-phase HPLC method was performed for the quantification of the quinolones in absorption and partition samples. Equations based on two classic biophysical absorption models are given for predicting the intrinsic absorption features of the series according to the partition data or merely single structural parameters. In situ absorption rate constants were found to increase by a factor of 9.7-13.5 for moderately lipophilic derivatives relative to the simplest compound, while antibacterial activity decreased only by a factor of 4. In vivo absorption tests with two representative members of the series were carried out and the results showed a good accordance with those found in situ. This makes these compounds or related ones with similar partition features excellent candidates for further pharmacokinetic and pharmacological testing. The study can serve as an example of how to prevent potential absorption problems associated with the development of new drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the onset and duration of the analgesic effect of dipyrone, 1 or 2 g, by the intramuscular or intravenous route, in acute renal colic.

In a double-blind, double-dummy randomized controlled clinical trial, the onset and duration of the analgesic effect of dipyrone, 1 or 2 g, and diclofenac sodium, 75 mg, by either the i.m. or the i.v. route were compared in 293 patients (aged 18-70 years) with acute renal colic. A level of > or = 50 mm on the 100-mm visual analogue scale was required for inclusion in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to six treatment groups, receiving dipyrone 1 g i.m., dipyrone 1 g i.v., dipyrone 2 g i.m.;, dipyrone 2 g i.v., diclofenac sodium 75 mg i.m.; and diclofenac sodium 75 mg i.v., respectively. Evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 30, and 60 min and 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment (time 0). Primary efficacy end points included course of pain, total pain, percentage of patients with a pain improvement of 50% or more at each evaluation time, pain intensity evaluated by the investigator on a 0-3 scale, and differences in pain intensity. The analgesic response was more marked and prolonged among patients receiving dipyrone 2 g i.m. or dipyrone 2 g i.v. There were no significant differences between dipyrone 1 g and diclofenac sodium 75 mg, by either the i.m. or the i.v. route. All treatment regimens were well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of doramectin in the protection of neonatal calves and post-parturient cows against field strikes of Cochliomyia hominivorax.

Two studies were conducted in Latin America, one in Venezuela and one in Argentina, using a common protocol to investigate the efficacy of a single s.c. injection of doramectin in the prevention and control of field infestations of Cochliomyia hominivorax in newborn calves and post-parturient cows. In both experiments, pregnant cows were paired on the basis of their calving time. The first cow that calved was assigned to a medicated group, and both cow and calf were treated with doramectin. The cow received a dose of 200 micrograms kg-1 and the calf 1 ml of a 1% doramectin solution. The second cow and calf were assigned to a saline-treated group, and the cow received saline at 1 ml per 50 kg and the calf 1 ml. The procedure was repeated until all animals were allocated to the two treatments. Animals were examined on the treatment day and at 2, 4, 6 and 12 days post-treatment. At each observation day, the navel of newborn calves and external genitalia of the cows were inspected and the presence of C. hominivorax infestations was recorded. Doramectin was 100% effective in the prevention and control of screwworm strikes in newborn calves and in post-parturient cows exposed to continuous field challenge of C. hominivorax. Over the 12 day duration of the studies, 48% and 57% of the saline-treated calves had screwworm navel strikes in the studies in Venezuela and Argentina, respectively. Infested animals required repeated therapeutic treatment, whereas none of the doramectin-treated calves were affected (P < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Ontogeny of rat thymic macrophages. Phenotypic characterization and possible relationships between different cell subsets.

In the present study we combined electron microscopy, immunohistology and primary stromal cell cultures to analyse the ontogeny of rat thymic macrophages (M phi) in an attempt to clarify the relationships between the different macrophage cell subsets described in adult rat thymus. Although phagocytic cells were observed in 15-day-old fetal thymus, monoclonal antibodies (mAb) which recognize different adult macrophage types were unable to identify positive cells until the end of embryonic life. However, our in vitro results from primary thymic stromal cell cultures of 16-day-old fetal rats, and the phenotyping of enriched thymic CD2- cell suspensions, demonstrated that monocyte-like cells which strongly expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules colonized the embryonic thymus early, giving rise later to distinct macrophage subsets. During the process of maturation, macrophage precursors gradually lost their MHC class II expression, acquired other surface markers (CD45, Thy-1, CD25, CD4, etc.) and increased the acid phosphatase activity. In this respect, ED1+ macrophages, which appeared for the first time in the last stages of embryonic life, consisted of a MHC class II molecule-expressing phagocytic cell population, presumably involved in the elimination of non-selected cortical thymocytes, and of non-phagocytic cells which, in the thymic cortex, might differentiate to ED2+ macrophages throughout ED1+ED2lo/med and ED1+ ED2high intermediate cell stages, observed in vitro in 16-day-old fetal thymic stromal cell cultures. At the end of embryonic life and during the postnatal period the numbers of thymic macrophages increased, particularly in the medulla and corticomedullary border (CMZ), and more slowly in the thymic cortex. This increase was presumably due to the arrival, through perivascular spaces, of new macrophage progenitors, rather than in situ proliferation of pre-existent mature macrophages. The possible function of different thymic macrophage subsets, as well as the relationships between themselves and with their presumptive monocyte-like precursors, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of injectable doramectin against natural Boophilus microplus infestations in cattle.

Three experiments were conducted in Latin America--1 in Brazil, 1 in Venezuela, and 1 in Argentina--using a common protocol to investigate the efficacy of a single SC injection of doramectin (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) for treatment and control of Boophilus microplus infestations in grazing cattle. In each experiment, 2 groups of 20 to 27 cattle were allocated on the basis of tick burdens present 24 hours before treatment to a treated or control group, which received saline solution (1 ml/50 kg). All cattle were injected in the mid-dorsal cervical region and examined on treatment day and on posttreatment days (PTD) 8, 14, 21, and 28. On each observation day, the number of engorged and semiengorged ticks on half of each animals was counted and recorded. Doramectin was highly efficacious in removing tick burdens and controlling reestablishment of B microplus under field conditions of continuous reinfestation. Compared with tick counts in the control group, doramectin-treated cattle began to eliminate ticks after treatment and efficacy improved on subsequent observation days. In Brazil, efficacy was 91% at PTD 8 and 14, and increased to 99% or higher at PTD 21 and 28. In Venezuela, efficacy was 100% at PTD 8, 14, and 21 and 92% at PTD 28. In Argentina, efficacy progressed from 94.5% at PTD 8 to 99 and 98.5% at PTD 21 and 28, respectively. The reduction of the number of ticks in the doramectin-treated cattle was significant (P < 0.05) at each observation day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A comparative in vitro study of transdermal absorption of antiemetics.

Transdermal absorption of a series of antiemetics (alizapride, bromopride, clebopride, domperidone, metoclopramide, metopimazine, and scopolamine) was studied in vitro with the skin of hairless rats as the membrane. The aim of the study was to determine the permeation parameters [transdermal permeability rate constant (Kp), lag time, and flux] as a measure of the intrinsic permeability of these drugs across the skin, with a view to predicting their potential therapeutic formulation in Transdermal Therapeutic Systems. A linear correlation was established between the log Kp values corresponding to the antiemetics studied and their melting point (r = 0.8120, p < 0.05). The logarithm of Kp for the antiemetics studied can be predicted from the logarithm of the intrinsic partition coefficient (n-octanol-water) by a parabolic function (r = 0.9284, p < 0.01). Bromopride showed the shortest lag time (19.73 h), whereas clebopride was the most suitable drug as a candidate for formulation in transdermal delivery systems.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1994

Expression, tissue distribution and subcellular localization of dehydrin TAS14 in salt-stressed tomato plants.

We previously isolated and characterized TAS14, and mRNA that is induced in tomato upon osmotic stress or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and that shares expression and sequence characteristics with other dehydrin genes in different species. Affinity-purified antibodies against TAS14 protein were used to study the expression of TAS14 protein, both in seedlings and mature plants, its tissue distribution and its subcellular localization. TAS14 protein was not detected in 4-day-old seedlings but accumulated after ABA, NaCl or mannitol treatments. In NaCl-treated seedlings, some protein was detectable after 6 h of treatment and reached maximal levels between 24 and 48 h. Concentrations ranging from 5 to 12.5 g/l NaCl induced the protein to similar levels. In salt-stressed mature plants, TAS14 was expressed abundantly and continuously in aerial parts, but only slightly and transiently in roots. Immunocytochemical analysis of salt-treated plants showed TAS14 accumulated in adventitious root primordia and associated to the provascular and vascular tissues in stems and leaves. Immunogold electron microscopy localized TAS14 protein both in the cytosol and in the nucleus, associated to the nucleolus and euchromatin. Since TAS14 is a phosphoprotein in vivo, the classes of protein kinases potentially responsible for its in vivo phosphorylation were tested in in vitro phosphorylation assays. TAS14 protein was phosphorylated in vitro by both casein kinase II and cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Conversion of atrial fibrillation with ajmaline in a pregnant woman with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Pregnancy is related to an increased frequency of arrhythmias in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, which might lead to sudden death. A 40-year-old woman, with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome which was not diagnosed until pregnancy, presented in the 34th week with an atrial fibrillation, with high risk criteria for ventricular fibrillation. Intravenous ajmaline was given to convert the tachyarrhythmia to sinus rhythm. We obtained an excellent maternal control with no maternal or fetal adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Prolactin and early T-cell development in embryonic chicken.

Currently, the information available on the ontogeny of the immune-neuroendocrine network is somewhat scant. However, increasing data suggest a role for prolactin, an important immunoregulatory molecule that resembles cytokines, in early T-cell development. In this article, Javier Moreno and colleagues present evidence for this role using the chicken embryo as a model system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy and tolerance of oral dipyrone versus oral morphine for cancer pain.

In a double-blind, randomised and parallel clinical trial, two oral doses of dipyrone (1 and 2 g) administered every 8 h were compared with 10 mg of oral morphine given every 4 h for the relief of chronic cancer pain. A total of 121 patients with cancer pain without gastric involvement participated in a 7-day treatment course and were allocated to receive either dipyrone 1 g (n = 41), dipyrone 2 g (n = 38) or morphine (n = 42). Drug efficacy was analysed according to the degree of pain relief using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and the number of patients who decided to increase the dose of the analgesic drug on day 4. The analgesic effect of dipyrone, 2 g every 8 h, was similar to that of morphine. The efficacy of both schedules was significantly greater than that of dipyrone, 1 g every 8 h. Dipyrone at either 1 or 2 g doses tended to be better tolerated than morphine, although the differences were not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Facilitated implantation of the inguinal reservoir of the multicomponent inflatable penile prosthesis.

We present a method of implantation of the inguinal reservoir of the multicomponent inflatable penile prosthesis that permits safe 1-step creation of an adequate prevesical space. The preperitoneal distention balloon is inflated in the prevesical space to produce a compartment of adequate volume to avoid back pressure on the reservoir and minimize potential bladder injury in the setting of previous pelvic surgery.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical impact of idiopathic bladder instability].

Idiopathic vesical instability (I.V.I.), defined as the detrusor's spontaneous contraction during vesical filling or at its end, with a pressure higher than 15 cm H2O, is a urodynamic concept of unknown origin related to clinical disorders such as urinary incontinence, urgency-frequency syndrome, vesicoureteral reflux, repeat urinary infections, upper urological diseases due to pseudo-obstruction and morphological changes in vesicourethral X-rays. From January 1988 to January 1994, 2500 patients have been urodynamically examined. In 24% cases the diagnosis arrived at was vesical instability, 72% of them being I.V.I. I.V.I. was present as single diagnosis in 53% of prostate post-surgical incontinence, 71% of enuresis, 11% of clinically labelled stress incontinence, 46% of non-subsidiary incontinence, 16% of patients examined for prostatism, 55% of vesicoureteral reflux and 59% of repeat urinary infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The diffusely-infiltrated lymphoid tissue of the bursa of Fabricius of Sturnus unicolor. Histological organization and functional significance.

In the present study we confirm and extend previous reports about the existence of a T-dependent area in the bursa of Fabricius of some birds, analyzing ultrastructurally the cell content of the so-called diffusely-infiltrated lymphoid tissue of the bursa of the spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor. It consists of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages (Mphis) and interdigitating cells (IDCs) in a supporting reticular stroma which, apart from blood capillaries, contains postcapillary high-endothelial venules (HEVs). The presence of both IDCs and HEVs confirms the T-cell-dependent nature of this area, as previously claimed for other avian species, and emphasizes other functions, apart from its role in B-cell maturation, for the bursa of Fabricius specially in adult birds.

Aging↗