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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
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Health and home for homeless people in transition.

In recent years, increasing focus has been placed on the relation between environmental qualities and the promotion of well-being. This paper explores this relationship from an environmental psychological approach that emphasizes the broader social and physical context and the central significance of individual goals. In particular, the qualities of home and their potential value in the promotion of well-being are discussed. This paper presents a review of recent literature, followed by an empirical study of homelessness in London. A sample of 531 adults was staying in squats, hotels, hostels, and on the streets. Each setting was examined in terms of qualities of home and a general level of well-being. The results suggest that this sample experienced low levels of well-being, typical of persons experiencing such upheaval. Furthermore, there may be a positive relation between levels of well-being and home-like qualities for some homeless settings. The paper concludes that a focus on qualities of home may contribute to a broader understanding of health and well-being that values individual experience and goals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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A phase I/II study of combined cisplatin and hyperthermia treatment for refractory malignancy.

Research in animal and human cell cultures has shown that some chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin in particular, have cytotoxicity that is significantly potentiated at elevated temperatures. Concurrent administration of systemic cisplatin and local hyperthermia in human patients has not been previously reported. A phase I/II study was undertaken to assess the systemic and local toxicities and activity of concurrently administered local hyperthermia and systemic cisplatin in human tumours. Nine patients with histologically proven malignant tumours have been treated from March 1985 to July 1987. Their histologies were: breast, four; SCC of head and neck, two; SCC of skin, one; malignant melanoma, one; synovial cell sarcoma, one. Once-weekly hyperthermia was administered for 60 min by external microwave devices in an attempt to achieve minimum intratumoral temperatures of 42 degrees C. Plastic catheters were placed intratumorally under CT guidance for thermometry purposes. Cisplatin 40-60 mg/m2 was given over 60 min when steady-state heating was achieved. A total of 44 treatments are available for analysis. All nine patients had minimum intratumoral temperatures below the desired goal of 42 degrees C, and only two patients achieved average intratumoral temperatures of 42 degrees C or greater. Two of the responding patients sustained significant thermal injury consisting of blistering and necrosis. Three patients required transfusion and delay of weekly treatment because of anaemia and leukopenia. Four patients had partial response (PR) and one patient had minor response (MR) within the heated treatment volume. Three of these five patients experienced significant subjective palliation. This combination of treatment modalities can be delivered safely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
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Knowledge, perceptions, and practice of nurses toward HIV+/AIDS patients diagnosed with tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in the United States. Nurses may be exposed to TB and not realize their risks for becoming infected. The presentation of HIV-associated TB is somewhat different from "standard TB." PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if an educational program could improve nurses' attitudes, level of knowledge, and compliance with infection control standards for HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with TB. METHOD: Participants included 50 staff nurses. The experimental group (35) and control group (15) completed a knowledge test and an attitude survey. Researchers observed participants for compliance with infection control standards pretest and posttest. RESULTS: Following an educational program, the experimental group demonstrated a greater knowledge of TB than the control group who did not participate in the educational program (F [1.47] = 14.43, p = .000). In addition, the experimental group had a greater improvement in their Nursing Intervention Observation Tool adherence to respiratory isolation and universal precaution protocols scores as compared to the control group (F [1.47] = 8.95, p = .004). However, there was not a tangible increase in knowledge level of AIDS, attitudes or concerns about caring for these patients. CONCLUSION: This nursing research study supports the need for an ongoing educational program with continual monitoring of infection control practices to positively affect client and caregiver outcomes.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
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Malignant melanoma.

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Humans↗
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British privatization--taking capitalism to the people.

From 1983 to 1986, John Moore served in the Thatcher government in Britain, launching that country's privatization program. In "British Privatization--Taking Capitalism to the People, " he describes the thinking behind privatization, the objections raised against it, and the actual measures taken to implement it. With privatization, corporate performance has improved and the government has been able to focus on regulation, not ownership. But in the end, says Moore, the greatest success of British privatization was that it transformed the public's attitude toward ownership and economic responsibility.

Economic Competition↗
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Parenting services for families affected by substance abuse.

This article describes the development, implementation, and replication of a group-based parenting program for families affected by substance abuse. The Nurturing Program for Families in Substance Abuse Treatment and Recovery improves parenting, as measured on objective scales; enhances parents' satisfaction and competence, as measured by participant reports; and is based on principles demonstrated to be effective in reducing risk of both child abuse and neglect and substance abuse for both parents and children.

Family↗
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Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) subtypes and ESD types in mothers and newborns from the island of Tasmania, Australia.

PGM1 subtypes and ESD phenotypes of 600 mothers and their respective newborn infants residing in the northern part of the island of Tasmania were examined. The allele frequencies of PGM1 in the mothers were 1+ = 0.6525, 1- = 0.1250, 2+ = 0.1758 and 2- = 0.0467, and in the newborns were 1+ = 0.6675, 1- = 0.1275, 2+ = 0.01600 and 2- = 0.0450. Both samples were found to exhibit Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions and there was no significant difference between them. Also, the frequencies of PGM1 alleles were overall similar to frequencies in neighbouring populations on the Australian mainland. The frequency of ESD*2 in both samples was similar (0.105) but the mothers' genotypes were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (due to an excess of type 2). The ESD allele frequencies in Tasmania are similar to those reported in other white Australian populations.

Alleles↗
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The role of ferritin and hemosiderin in the MR appearance of cerebral hemorrhage: a histopathologic biochemical study in rats.

A rat model of cerebral hemorrhage using stereotaxic injection of blood into the right basal ganglia was developed to investigate the influence of iron metabolism on the appearance of cerebral hemorrhage on MR images. Images of in vitro fixed brain sections stained specifically for different iron-storage substances, ferritin and hemosiderin, created by digitization of the pathology sections using an Eikonix CCD camera, were compared with the in vivo MR images of late-phase hematomas. Areas of the pathologic and MR features of the lesions were quantitatively correlated. The single-slice MR images were obtained with the use of T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences, as well as T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences in which the 180 degrees refocusing pulse was offset from the center of the echo time; this was termed an asymmetric spin-echo pulse sequence. The symmetric and asymmetric T2-weighted images allowed the calculation of line-width images, which emphasize line broadening from intravoxel magnetic field inhomogeneities that arise from the presence of iron-containing substances. From biochemical and histochemical staining, we conclude that at least two iron-storage substances are present in the late phase of resolving cerebral hematomas. Ferritin has a wider distribution than hemosiderin, showing a similar distribution to the MR signal changes of the calculated line-width images. Line-width mapping is a sensitive means of detecting magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by the magnetic susceptibility differences introduced by the aggregation of these iron-storage substances.

Animals↗