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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Linkage mapping of human chromosome 10 microsatellite polymorphisms.

Ten microsatellite DNA polymorphisms located on human chromosome 10 were regionally mapped using subchromosomal somatic cell hybrids and linkage analysis. The resulting order of the markers from pter-qter was [D10S89, D10S111], D10S107, D10S109, [D10S91, D10S110, D10S108, D10S88, D10S168], and D10S169. Order of the markers within brackets was uncertain, although the order given was most likely. The microsatellites were distributed along the chromosome from the proximal p arm to near qter, with an unlinked gap between D10S168 and D10S169.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Long term effects of tamoxifen. Biological effects of Tamoxifen Working Party.

A total of 153 breast cancer patients who participated in two trials of adjuvant tamoxifen and who had not recurred were recruited into a study of the long term effects of tamoxifen. There were 60 controls (no tamoxifen), 73 ex-users (mostly for 2 years) and 20 current users (median treatment duration 72 months) and the median follow-up time was 7 years. A wide ranging study of lipids, hormones, bone density and haemostasis was undertaken. When compared with controls, current users had lower cholesterol levels (especially low density cholesterol), and increased triglyceride levels. Thyroid hormones were higher and sex hormone binding globulin was almost doubled. Bone density was non-significantly higher, clotting times were slightly shorter and fibrinogen and antithrombin III levels were reduced. However few of these changes persisted in ex-users, suggesting that most of the biological effects of treatment are reversible on cessation of treatment. This is reassuring for potentially negative side-effects, but also indicates that potentially positive 'side-effects' such as cholesterol lowering only occur while on active treatment.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1992

Nephrotic syndrome in adults. A diagnostic and management challenge.

The adult with nephrotic syndrome presents diagnostic and treatment challenges for the primary care physician. Early consultation with a nephrologist is advisable to assist in choosing between empirical therapy or renal biopsy to identify the specific causative lesion. Some patients respond to treatment of either the specific disorder or the underlying cause. All patients should be afforded specific therapy, where available, and nonspecific therapy to minimize the severity of the nephrosis and attenuate the incidence and severity of complications. Although the cause of most disorders resulting in nephrotic syndrome remains unclear, active research into the syndrome's pathogenesis and treatment options should prove fruitful.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Extradural clonidine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia.

We have assessed the use of clonidine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Both drugs were administered via the extradural route, and were given both alone and in combination. The analgesia produced by clonidine was superior to that of bupivacaine; a combination of the drugs resulted in significantly better and longer duration of analgesia than each drug administered alone. Cardiovascular changes and the incidence of side effects were similar in all three groups. The sedative effects of clonidine were not marked.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gastric emptying during lumbar extradural analgesia in labour: effect of fentanyl supplementation.

We measured gastric emptying (by paracetamol absorption) and duration of analgesia in 30 women in labour after extradural injection of 0.375% bupivacaine 10 ml either alone or combined with fentanyl 100 micrograms. Treatment was administered double blind by random allocation after the first request for analgesia. The median (range) times to maximal serum concentration of paracetamol were 60 (15-90) min and 75 (30-180) min after administration in the control and fentanyl groups, respectively (P = 0.026), and corresponding mean (95% confidence interval) maximal concentrations of paracetamol were 27.3 (18.8-35.8) micrograms ml-1 and 18.0 (15.1-20.9) micrograms ml-1 (P = 0.020). Mean duration of analgesia, from the first extradural bolus until return of pain in those given bupivacaine alone was 113 (87-139) min and 154 (131-176) min when fentanyl was added to the local anaesthetic (P = 0.016). These results confirm the prolongation of analgesia after fentanyl supplementation of lumbar extradural analgesia, but indicate that it results in delayed gastric emptying.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1992

Extradural clonidine infusions for analgesia after total hip replacement.

We have examined the effectiveness of extradural clonidine infusions for postoperative analgesia and the effect of clonidine on extradural morphine. In a double-blind, controlled study, patients, undergoing total hip replacement were allocated randomly to receive one of two doses of extradural clonidine (25 micrograms h-1 or 50 micrograms h-1), low dose extradural morphine or a combination of morphine and clonidine. Pain scores in the morphine group were significantly greater than in the clonidine groups (P less than 0.01) and the combination group (P less than 0.05) during the first 1 h after surgery. The requirements for systemic analgesia were least in the combination and larger dose clonidine group, and the duration of effect of the initial bolus dose was significantly longer compared with the morphine and low dose clonidine groups (P less than 0.05). Arterial pressure was reduced in the clonidine groups, although the incidence of clinical hypotension was low. There were no significant differences between the groups in emetic symptoms or urinary retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces phosphatidylcholine breakdown in human leukaemia monocytic U937 cells.

We investigated the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on phospholipid (PL) turnover in human monocytic leukaemia U937 cells. Cells were pre-labelled with [3H]choline, [14C]ethanolamine and [3H]inositol for 24 h. By monitoring the radiolabel association with cellular PL, the data indicated that LPS (10 micrograms/ml) drastically altered the catabolism of choline-containing PL; it induced their breakdown by 50% within 20 min. The reutilization of choline or its phosphates for PL synthesis was also suggested as a result of regaining radiolabel in the next 40 min. Choline-containing PL then underwent a second degradation after 60 min; 50% decline in radiolabel was detected at 120 min. In contrast, LPS did not induce the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol through phospholipase C/phospholipase D (PLC/PLD). No significant redistribution of the radiolabel in PL was detected in any cases during chasing. The data clearly indicate that LPS stimulates phosphatidylcholine breakdown, implying that the liberation of phosphatidic acid or diacylglycerol via PLC/PLD reaction may be relevant to the initiation of LPS-induced monocytic activation.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Pumilio is essential for function but not for distribution of the Drosophila abdominal determinant Nanos.

The Drosophila gene pumilio is expressed maternally, and its function is essential during early embryogenesis for the formation of abdominal segments. Our molecular analysis reveals that pumilio is a large gene that encodes a protein of 160 kD whose RNA is enriched at the posterior pole of the egg. As with pumilio, the maternal effect gene nanos is specifically required for abdomen formation. The Nanos protein is expressed in a posterior-to-anterior concentration gradient in the developing embryo. Previous experiments demonstrated a genetic interaction between pumilio and nanos, and led to the suggestion that pumilio is required for the proper spatial distribution of the Nanos protein. Here, we show that the expression and distribution of nanos RNA and protein in embryos derived from pumilio mutant females are indistinguishable from wild type. We conclude that abdomen formation depends both on Nanos activity, spreading from the localized posterior source, and on Pumilio activity, present throughout the embryo.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

The use of head-upright tilt table testing in the evaluation and management of syncope in children and adolescents.

Recurrent syncope in an otherwise healthy child or adolescent is a common anxiety provoking disorder. Vasovagally mediated hypotension and bradycardia are believed common, yet difficult to diagnose, causes of syncope in this age group. Upright tilt table testing has been suggested as a potential method to test for vasovagal episodes. This study evaluated the utility of this technique in the evaluation and management of recurrent syncope in children and adolescents. Thirty patients with recurrent unexplained syncope were evaluated by use of an upright tilt table test for 30 minutes, with or without an infusion of isoproterenol (1 to 3 micrograms/min given intravenously), in an attempt to produce hypotension, bradycardia, or both. There were 15 males and 15 females, mean age 14 +/- 6 years. Each of the tilt positive patients received therapy with either fluorohydrocortisone, beta blockers, or transdermal scopolamine. Syncope occurred in six patients (20%) during the base line tilt and in 15 patients (50%) during isoproterenol infusion (total positives 70%). All initially positive patients were rendered tilt negative by therapy. Over a mean follow-up period of 20 months, no further episodes have occurred. We conclude that tilt table testing is a useful and effective test in the evaluation of unexplained syncope in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An association between complete and incomplete stress fractures of the humerus in racehorses.

Twenty-one horses had a complete unilateral humeral fracture during race training or racing at a California racetrack during the period 24 February 1990 to 10 July 1991. Fractures occurred approximately equally in left and right limbs, and in males and females. Most fractures occurred during training, and in 2- and 3-year-old horses. Only 5 of 16 Thoroughbred horses with known racing records had previously raced more than once, and their mean time between races was less than the time between their last race and fracture (P = 0.07). Ten of 13 humeri studied further had gross evidence of periosteal callus bridging one portion of the fracture line, indicative of a pre-existing stress fracture.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein mutants provide evidence for ligand contacts important in activation.

The three-dimensional model of the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) shows that several amino acids are involved as chemical contacts for binding cAMP. We have constructed and characterized mutants at four of these positions, E72, R82, S83, and R123. The mutations were made in wild-type crp as well as a cAMP-independent crp, crp*. The activities of the mutant proteins were characterized in vivo for their ability to activate the lac operon. These results provide genetic evidence to support that E72 and R82 are essential and S83 and R123 are important in the activation of CRP by cAMP.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1992

Vasopressor therapy for hypotension during epidural anesthesia for cesarean section: effects on maternal and fetal flow velocity ratios.

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of hypotension as a result of epidural anesthesia and of its treatment with either ephedrine or methoxamine on uteroplacental and umbilical flow velocity ratios and fetal acid-base status. Fifty healthy women with an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy were studied during elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. A method of continuously recording flow velocity waveforms was used that allowed the identification of simultaneous values of maternal and fetal Doppler indices related to events during the induction of anesthesia. In 15 patients in whom arterial blood pressure did not decrease, the uteroplacental pulsatility index (UtPI) did not change, but the umbilical pulsatility index (UmPI) decreased from a mean (95% confidence interval) of 0.98 (0.88-1.09) to 0.91 (0.82-0.99) (P less than 0.05). In 32 patients who experienced hypotension of at least 15%, the UtPI increased from 0.82 (0.76-0.89) to 1.04 (0.92-1.17) (P less than 0.01). Treatment with ephedrine had no influence on either the UtPI or UmPI, but treatment with methoxamine resulted in brief increases in the UtPI of 0.47 (0.24-0.69) during the first 5 min after its administration; the increases were brief and resolved within 2 min. The choice of vasopressor drug had no influence on the UtPI recorded just before surgery commenced (final UtPI), but those patients who experienced hypotension had significantly larger final UtPIs (1.02 (0.91-1.10)) than those who never became hypotensive (0.86 (0.72-0.99)), and this was associated with significantly increased placental hydrogen ion gradients. The choice of vasopressor drug appears to be of minor importance compared with the avoidance of hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Low lumbar burst fractures: comparison between conservative and surgical treatments.

Twenty-two low lumbar burst fractures (L3-L5) were treated, with an average follow up of 56.2 and 39.0 months in the conservative and surgically treated groups, respectively. Twenty patients were available for review; seven were treated conservatively and 13 were stabilized surgically. All patients were evaluated clinically for work status, activity level, residual pain, and subsequent development of neurologic symptoms. Roentgenograms were reviewed for severity of initial fracture, canal compromise, and maintenance of initial correction. In general, neurologically intact patients in both groups returned to similar postinjury employment levels. Persistent back pain was found to be more disabling in the surgically treated group, in which a fusion incorporating four or five lumbar segments was performed. There was no evidence of significant loss of initial reduction, and no patients experienced late neurological compromise in the surgical group. An average follow-up kyphosis of 9.2 degrees and 31% loss of vertebral height were observed in the conservative group, while a follow-up lordosis of 1 degree and 19% loss of vertebral height were observed in the surgical group. Conservative treatment of low lumbar burst fracture is a viable option in neurologically intact patients, but loss of lordosis and vertebral height may persist. Biomechanical and anatomic characteristics of the low lumbar spine differ from the thoracolumbar region and may account for the inherent stability of these injuries. If surgery is chosen, a long fusion with distraction instrumentation should be avoided in the low lumbar spine. A short rigid fixation with pedicular instrumentation may be of greater benefit.

Adolescent↗