Concerns regarding the welfare check distribution study.
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Canada↗
Biomedical subjects
J Moore
Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.
Patterns and risk factors for exercise-related injuries in women: a military perspective.
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Adult↗
Risk factors associated with stress reactions in female Marines.
Women have a higher stress fracture rate than men in military studies, although the exact cause of this is not clear. Hyperpronation has been implicated as a potential risk factor for injury. In this prospective observational study, we measured subtalar joint range of motion in 101 women (ages 20-27 years) enrolled in Marine Corps Officer Candidate School in June 1994. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for injury in female Marine Corps officer candidates. The primary area of interest was the association between the amount of subtalar joint range of motion and stress reactions. Questionnaires were administered that explored previous physical activities, sports participation, and menstrual history. Anthropometric measurements were performed, including subtalar joint range of motion. During the 10 weeks of physical training, 11.5% of the women (N = 12) had stress reactions compared with 7% of the men (N = 10). There was no statistically significant difference in the means of subtalar joint range of motion in the stress reaction group compared with the non-stress reaction group. Differences in stress reaction rate across quartiles of subtalar joint range of motion were not significant. Those women who ran fewer miles (< or = 2.8 miles per session) before training had a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.04). Younger individuals (< 23 years) had a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.01). Women with fewer menstrual periods (< 10 per year) had a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.02). A narrow pelvis (< or = 26 cm) was associated with a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.09). We conclude that an increased subtalar joint range of motion is not a risk factor for stress reactions in women. However, further studies with a larger study population should be performed to confirm these findings.
Adult↗
HIV testing behaviors in a population of inner-city women at high risk for HIV infection.
The relationship between HIV testing history. HIV serostatus, and risk behaviors was examined to investigate factors associated with obtaining an HIV test, returning for results, or receiving multiple tests. Seven hundred and five volunteers for an HIV study were questioned about prior HIV testing, drug and sexual practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Women who reported a prior HIV test were compared with those without a previous test, women who returned for test results were compared with those not returning; and women who reported multiple tests were compared with those having only one test. Seventy-five percent of the women reported a prior test; 12% had not returned for test results; 46% reported multiple tests. Women reporting higher levels of HIV risk behaviors were more likely to have been tested and to return for results. Injection drug use and having four or more sex partners were significantly associated with repeated HIV testing. Over one third of the women with substantial HIV risk practices had not been HIV tested or failed to obtain test results. Women who obtained multiple HIV tests were more likely to report high-risk practices in spite of having received risk counseling with repeated testing.
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
Serum leptin concentration, obesity, and insulin resistance in Western Samoans: cross sectional study.
OBJECTIVE: To measure serum leptin concentrations in the Polynesian population of Western Samoa and to examine epidemiological associations of leptin with anthropometric, demographic, behavioural, and metabolic factors in this population with a high prevalence of obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross sectional study, leptin concentration being measured in a subgroup of a population based sample. SUBJECTS: 240 Polynesian men and women aged 28-74 years were selected to cover the full range of age, body mass index, and glucose tolerance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Serum leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations; anthropometric measures; physical activity; and area of residence. RESULTS: Leptin concentrations were correlated with body mass index (r = 0.80 in men, 0.79 in women) and waist circumference (r = 0.82 in men, 0.78 in women) but less so with waist to hip ratio. At any body mass index, leptin concentration was higher in women than men (geometric mean adjusted for body mass index 15.3 v 3.6 pg/l, P < 0.001). Leptin concentration also correlated with fasting insulin concentration (r = 0.63 in men, 0.64 in women) and insulin concentration 2 hours after a glucose load (r = 0.58 in men, 0.52 in women). These associations remained significant after controlling for body mass index; effects of physical activity and of rural or urban living on leptin concentration were eliminated after adjusting for obesity, except values remained high in urban men. 78% of variance in leptin was explained by a model including fasting insulin concentration, sex, body mass index, and a body mass index by sex interaction term. Similar results were obtained if waist circumference replaced body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: The strong relation of leptin with obesity is consistent with leptin production being proportional of mass to adipose tissue. The relation with insulin independent of body mass index suggests a possible role for leptin in insulin resistance or hyperinsulinaemia.
Adult↗
Fatal musculoskeletal injuries incurred during racing and training in thoroughbreds.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize and contrast data from Thoroughbreds that incurred a fatal musculoskeletal injury (FMI; injury resulting in death or euthanasia) during racing or training and data from all California race entrants during a 9-month period in 1991. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: Thoroughbreds that incurred a FMI during racing or training at a California race-meet and all California race entrants from January through June and October through December 1991. PROCEDURE: Age and sex were compared with chi 2 and Fisher's exact tests among horses fatally injured while racing and training. A log-linear model was fit to assess the relationship between race-meet and age and sex of California race entrants. Incidence risk of racing FMI was estimated per 1,000 race entrants, and the relationship between the occurrence of FMI during racing with race-meet, age, and sex was evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Injury type and sex-specific age distributions differed among the horses fatally injured during racing and training. Age and sex distributions of the race entrants were not independent and varied among race-meets. Overall incidence risk of racing FMI was estimated at 1.7/1,000 race entrants. Risk of racing FMI in male horses was about twofold that in female horses, and in 4-year-olds was twofold that in 3-year-olds. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Age and sex-related differences in risk of incurring a FMI during racing should be considered when comparing fatal injury rates among race-meets.
Age Distribution↗
Phase I trial of a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB-94) in patients with advanced cancer.
Degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is believed to be required for tumor invasion, tumor-induced angiogenesis and vascular invasion. A synthetic hydroxamate, batimastat (also known as BB-94), inhibits MMPs by binding the zinc ion in the active site of the MMP. Batimastat inhibits at least 50% of MMP activity at concentrations less than or equal to 10 ng/ml in vitro. Batimastat retarded ascites accumulation and increased survival in mice with human ovarian tumor xenografts. Acute and long-term toxicological studies revealed no major toxicity in animals. Batimastat is poorly soluble and was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) as a suspension. Previous studies in patients with malignant ascites have shown no major toxicities at doses as high as 1350 mg/m2.
Adult↗
Aerosol cap and rectovaginal fistula: unusual findings at routine cervical smear.
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Female↗
Gravitational effects on the rearrangement of cytoplasmic components during axial formation in amphibian development.
The spatial positioning of the dorsal-ventral axis in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis, can be experimentally manipulated either by tipping the embryo relative to Earth's gravitational force vector or by centrifugation. Experimental evidence suggests that certain cytoplasmic components are redistributed during the first cell cycle and that these components are, in part, responsible for the establishment of this axis. Further studies indicate that at least some of the cytoplasmic components responsible for establishing this axis may be RNA. Recombinant cDNA and PCR technology are utilized to isolate DNA clones for messenger RNA which becomes spatially localized to the dorsal side of the embryo. These clones are being used to study the mechanisms of spatial localization and the function of the localized RNA transcripts.
Animals↗
A multicenter trial of calcipotriene ointment and halobetasol ointment compared with either agent alone for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Administration, Cutaneous↗
Cognitive effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions in a rat model of schizophrenia.
Lesioning the ventral hippocampus of neonatal rats has been proposed as an experimental model of schizophrenia. This lesion causes a syndrome of hyperresponsivity to the stimulant effects of amphetamine, impaired grooming and disrupted social interactions, effects that emerge during adolescence, much like schizophrenia. Persisting cognitive effects of neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions were assessed in the current study, because the hippocampus is critically important for a variety of cognitive functions and cognitive impairment and because it is an important feature of schizophrenia. Spatial learning and working memory were assessed in the radial-arm maze, which is sensitive to the adverse effects of hippocampal lesions made in adults. Lesioned rats showed pronounced deficits in radial-arm maze choice accuracy that persisted throughout training. Deficits were seen during the prepubertal period as well as in adulthood. Even though the lesioned rats performed more poorly, they were significantly less sensitive to the amnestic effects of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine and the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine. No significant effects of nicotine or amphetamine were seen in either the lesioned or control groups. The long-lasting deficits in spatial learning and working memory resulting from neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions show that, unlike frontal cortical lesions during the same age, the effects of hippocampal lesions are not overcome during development. The resistance to the amnestic effects of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) antagonists suggests that the hippocampus is a critical site for the action of these drugs. Neonatal hippocampal lesions may provide a good model of the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia and may be useful to assess novel drug effects to counteract the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Amphetamine↗
Outpatient Hysteroscopy in the Management of Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
We performed outpatient hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy in approximately 1000 women under local anesthesia. A definitive management plan was made at the single appointment. The combined results were analyzed by age, symptoms, findings at hysteroscopy, and pathology. Ninety percent of women had abnormal bleeding, 50% of whom had a normal hysteroscopy. Patient acceptability was evaluated by questionnaire. Over 90% of women found the procedure acceptable, with minimal discomfort. The failure rate was approximately 5%. Less than 30% of women required a second surgical procedure. Outpatient hysteroscopy is a safe, effective, and well tolerated alternative to dilatation and curettage under general anesthesia, and has the possibility of a definitive diagnosis and management plan at the patient's first visit. It has clear savings, not only in outpatient and inpatient costs, but also in operating room time.
Journal Article↗
Dispositional and situational determinants of repression.
This research project posits a model of repression that incorporates both repressive personality and repressive social behavior. The 1st parameter of the model specifies the motivation for repressors' distancing of themselves from emotional events. Experiment 1 demonstrates that repressors are hypersensitive--in their cognitive attention--to both negative and positive emotional events. The 2nd parameter of the model specifies the conditions under which repressors distance themselves from emotional events. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrate that repressors psychologically distance themselves when the situation threatens their self-evaluation and provides opportunity for them to attend to and process self-relevant and non-self-relevant information. This 2-factor model extends the current conceptualization of repression in that it identifies motivation (dispositional emotional sensitivity) and context (situational threats to self-evaluation and distraction availability) for repressors' distancing of themselves from negative and positive emotional events.
Adult↗
Phase I trial and tumour localisation of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody ICR62 in head and neck or lung cancer.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the first rat monoclonal antibody (MAb ICR62) to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a phase I clinical trial in patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinomas. This antibody effectively blocks the binding of EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and HB-EGF to the EGFR, inhibits the growth in vitro of tumour cell lines which overexpress the EGFR and eradicates such tumours when grown as xenografts in athymic mice. Eleven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, whose tumours expressed EGFR, were recruited. Groups of three patients were treated with 2.5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg or 40 mg of ICR62 and a further eight patients received 100 mg. All patients were evaluated for toxicity using WHO criteria. Patients' sera were tested for the clearance of MAb ICR62 and the development of human anti-rat antibodies (HARA). No serious (WHO Grade III-IV) toxicity was observed in patients treated with up to 100 mg of antibody ICR62. Antibody ICR62 could be detected at 4 h and 24 h in the sera of patients treated with 40 mg or 100 mg of ICR62. Only 4/20 patients showed HARA responses (one at 20 mg, one at 40 mg and two at 100 mg doses) and of these only the former two were anti-idiotypic responses. In four patients receiving doses of ICR62 at 40 mg or greater, biopsies were obtained from metastatic lesions 24 h later and examined for the localisation of ICR62 using anti-rat antibody reagent. In these patients we showed the localisation of MAb ICR62 to the membranes of tumour cells; this appeared to be more prominent at the higher dose of 100 mg. On the basis of these data we conclude that MAb ICR62 can be administered safely to patients with squamous cell carcinomas and that it can localise efficiently to metastases even at relatively low doses.
Adult↗
A randomised dose escalation study of subcutaneous interleukin 2 with and without levamisole in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma.
We have examined the efficacy, toxicity and host immunological response of two different dose schedules of interleukin 2 (IL-2) given subcutaneously, daily for 3 months in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or metastatic melanoma (MM). We also examined the effect of adding the immune modulator levamisole to the two different schedules of IL-2. Thirty-nine patients were entered into two sequential phase I/II studies. Eighteen patients entered study 1 and were randomised to receive IL-2, 3 x 10(6) IU m-2 day-1, subcutaneously for 3 months with or without levamisole 50 mg t.d.s. p.o. on days 1-3 on alternate weeks. Twenty-one patients entered study 2 and were randomised to receive 5.4 x 10(6) IU m-2 day-1 subcutaneously for 3 months with or without levamisole 50 mg t.d.s. p.o. on days 1-3 on alternate weeks. Blood was taken for peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) phenotype analysis, and measurement of IL-2, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and neopterin concentration. Two patients with metastatic melanoma, one in each study, responded (11.8%); both received IL-2 alone. Observations of immunological parameters showed that treatment with subcutaneous IL-2 resulted in a significant rise in the percentage of PBLs bearing CD25, CD3/HLA-DR, CD56 and levels of IL-2 receptor and neopterin. The total white blood cell count (WBC) and total lymphocyte count rose significantly on day 18 compared with pretreatment levels. The addition of levamisole to either IL-2 schedule resulted in no significant changes in any immunological parameters. This study illustrates that prolonged subcutaneous IL-2 can be given safely in the outpatient setting. There was no evidence that levamisole acts as an immunomodulator in this study.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
A phase I clinical trial of imiquimod, an oral interferon inducer, administered daily.
Imiquimod is an orally active interferon inducer with anti-tumour activity in experimental animals. In this study the tolerability, toxicity and biological effects of daily oral imiquimod administration were investigated in 21 patients with refractory cancer. Patients were treated with doses of 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg or 200 mg on a projected 112 day course. Only three patients completed the course, all at the 50 mg dose. Treatment toxicities were dose related and mainly comprised flu-like symptoms, nausea and lymphopenia. Of the 21 patients, five received dose reductions and in five treatment was discontinued because of treatment-related toxicity. The biological activity of imiquimod was confirmed by significant and sustained rises in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) 2-5A synthetase (2-5AS) levels at all doses. At 100 mg and 200 mg these occurred within the first 24 h of administration. Levels of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) were also significantly elevated when assessed after three weeks' treatment. Interferon production was not demonstrated within the first 24 h of the initial dose but, following repeated doses, ten of the patients developed detectable serum interferon concentrations with a maximum value of 5600 IU ml-1 recorded. Administration of imiquimod did not have any significant effect on serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin 1 (IL-1), nor did it lead to development of detectable levels of antibodies to interferon. One mixed clinical response was observed after 4 weeks' treatment at 100 mg in a patient with renal cell cancer. Daily administration of imiquimod causes activation of the interferon production system but at higher doses results in unacceptable toxicity. Further investigation of imiquimod as an interferon-inducing agent in cancer patients is suggested at either the lower dose levels or employing alternative dosing schedules.
Adult↗
Effect of basic (FGF-2) and acidic (FGF-1) fibroblast growth factors on early haemopoietic cell development.
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) are mitogens for a variety of cell types. Many reports suggest that haemopoietic cells are among these. Nevertheless, when we examined the effect of recombinant human FGF-1 or 2 on normal human marrow cell proliferation in vitro, only minimal stimulatory activity could be detected. In this regard, the addition of either growth factor to cultures of ancillary cell depleted marrow mononuclear cells (MNC), or to highly enriched CD34+ MNC, failed to enhance haemopoietic colony number and induced only a slight increase in colony size. Perturbation of FGF receptor (FGF-R) expression on CD34+ MNC with antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) was also without apparent effect on cell growth. Neither could we demonstrate any effect of FGF-1 or 2 on survival of early progenitor cells in serum-free culture. To explain these findings, we examined progenitor cells for expression of the FGF-R at the mRNA and protein level using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Primitive CD34+/KIT+ MNC had no detectable FGF-R (FGF-R1, 2, 3 or 4) mRNA or protein expression. In fact, direct immunofluorescence labelling of MNC for CD34 antigen and FGF-R1 demonstrated that expression of these markers was mutually exclusive in the populations examined. FGF-R1 expression was detected on subpopulations of MNC and on cells derived from day-6 CFU-GM and BFU-E colonies. Accordingly, FGF-R1 is either absent, or present at very low levels, on primitive haemopoietic cells. This fact, combined with our in vitro culture data, suggest that receptors are unlikely to play a significant role in the development of these early cells. Nevertheless, the development of mature cells may be influenced by the FGFs since the FGF-Rs are expressed on more mature cells.
Base Sequence↗