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Biomedical subjects

J Modai

Publications and source records attributed to J Modai.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Penetration of antibiotics into the cerebrospinal fluid. Theoretical and practical aspects (author's transl)].

The penetration of antibiotics into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is governed by several factors, including lipid solubility, degree of ionization, pH gradient, serum protein binding, molecular weight and structure and, above all, degree of meningeal inflammation. The distribution within, and elimination from the subarachnoid spaces depend upon the physiology of the CSF and the route of administration of the drug. CSF penetration studies carried out in patients or volunteers with various groups of antibiotics and antibacterial agents have shown that, except for chloramphenicol and co-trimixazole, passage through the blood-brain barrier is generally poor. However, when the meninges are inflamed therapeutically active concentrations of penicillins and of some cephalosporins can be measured in the CSF.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1979

[Reevaluation of the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonias (author's transl)].

In spite of extreme and persistent susceptibility to antibiotics, specially benzylpenicillin, the pathology due to pneumococcus remains frequent and serious. From 14 cases of pneumococcal meningitis associated with pneumonia the authors have studied the relationship between these two localizations. They conclude that meningeal seeding appears most frequently secondarily and is probably latent at the beginning. Moreover they note that treatment of pneumonia by itself does not always prevent the occurence of the meningitis. Density of bacterial population, prolunged bacteremia, resistance of pneumococcus to phagocytic mechanisms and the delay of treatment might explain these findings. For those reasons the authors recommend the use of high doses of benzylpenicillin for the treatment of lately diagnosed bacterial pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Mesocolic and mesenteric lymph node granulomatosis together with a sarcoidosis (author's transl)].

The authors report the case of a 22 year old woman with a recognized pulmonary sarcoidosis with disorders of the alveolo-capillary diffusion, admitted to hospital for feverish diarrhea. The discovery of right colic radiological lesions with no obvious origin, led to an exploring laparotomy which revealed large mesocolic and mesenteric adenopathies: histologically they were granulomatous lesions, of epithelioid and giant cells, tending to sclerosis. Colic and ileal mucosae were normal. From this observation the authors analyze the difficulties in diagnosing granulomatoses of the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and their eventual sarcoidic nature. Because of the lack of arguments in favour of tuberculosis and of the normal appearance of the intestinal coats, the sarcoidic etiology of these adenopathies appears most probable.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of mezlocillin.

The passage of 6-[(R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetamido)-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen), into the CSF was studied in 9 patients with symptoms of acute meningitis, presumed to be of viral origin. The antibiotic was given as a single 5 g dose i.v. over 30 min. The CSF/serum concentration ratio of mezlocillin showed a variation from 0 to 10.7%. The antibiotic could be effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae and by most Enterobacteriaceae, provided these results will be confirmed by a study now in progress. In one patient suffering from meningococcal meningitis this concentration ratio varied between 72% (day 3) and 54% (day 12).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The influence of rifampicin upon the metabolism of isoniazid (author's transl)].

The authors sought to determine whether the combination of rifampicin and isoniazid altered the rate of acetylation of the latter drug by possible hepatic involvement. INH inactivation and transaminase levels were studied in 36 patients with tuberculosis, before and after 30 days of treatment with a combination of INH in a dose of 5 to 7 mg/kg/day and rifampicin in a dose of 600 mg/day. The results failed to confirm such a hypothesis since, whatever the phenotype of inactivation, no significant difference was seen between residual INH levels at 3 and 6 hours, before and after treatment, nor any significant increase in transaminases.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1978

HLA polymorphism in Israel. 3. Ashkenazi Jews of German descent.

Seventy-three random Jewish individuals whose families have lived in Germany for at least 4-5 generations, were typed for HLA antigens at the A and B loci. In comparison with other European populations, the frequencies of B7 and B12 are low whereas Bw35 is almost twice as frequent (21%). Among the uncommon associations found in the German Jews were: (A2, Bw21), (Aw25, B18), (A29, B14), (A28, Bw15). The frequent haplotype (Aw24, Bw35) was previously found, but only in Asia and in American Indians. Subdivisions of the subjects according to geographic regions within Germany point to differences in gene frequency between the groups.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1978

HLA polymorphism in Israel. 6. North African Jews from Libya.

Phenotype and gene frequencies of antigens at the A and B HLA loci were determined in a sample of 89 random Libyan Jews now settled in Israel. Most antigens at the A locus are within the range found in European populations while, at the B locus, the frequencies differ from Caucasoid populations: B7 is usually rare (1%), Bw35 is frequent (14%) and Bw40 very common with more than 10%. Thirteen percent of Libyan women whose sera were screened for the presence of HLA antibodies gave positive results. Some of them are elderly women, about 15 years or more beyond their last birth.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1977

Genetic markers in Libyan Jews.

Blood groups, serum proteins, and red-cell enzyme frequencies were determined on a random sample of 148 Libyan Jews now settled in Israel. Comparisons with data on Libyan non-Jews show significant differences in most systems, implying maintenance of a high degree of genetic isolation of the Jewish group from surrounding populations. The relative lack of the African component in their gene pool shows that they have interbred very little, if at all, with their negroid neighbours.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1977

[Current biological aspects of typhoid fever (author's transl)].

The biological signs of typhoid fever are studied on the basis of 90 cases collected over a period of 5 years. Average neutrophil granulocyte count before treatment was 5000 with extremes ranging from 1400 to 12180. The development of granulocytopaenia during treatment may be seen not only in patients treated with phenicols but also in those treated with ampicillin or the combination trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. It was possible to isolate the organism in 88 per cent of cases, either by blood culture (79%) or by stool culture (23%). Antibodies (O and H agglutinins) were found in only 86 per cent of cases, and for H agglutinins only there was a significant and transient increase in antibodies. This underlines the importance of the combined examination of three biological criteria - blood culture, stool culture and serology - in reaching the diagnosis of typhoid, the relatively asymptomatic forms of which are becoming increasingly frequent.

Ampicillin↗