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Biomedical subjects

J Minowada

Publications and source records attributed to J Minowada.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E) and erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC) on the lymphoblasts of childhood acute lymphocyblastic leukemia.

Two cell-surface markers, rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosette) as a T-cell marker and rosette formation with bovine erythrocyte-antibody-complement complex (EAC-rosette) as a B-cell marker were determined on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts from normal and 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the majority of the patients (12/15 untreated patients and 6/11 patients in relapse), lymphoblasts exhibited neither E- nor EAC-rosette formation. Lymphoblasts from one untreated patient with mediastinal mass displayed E-(50%) and EAC-rosette formation (15%). In 3 of 11 patients in relapse, lymphoblasts displayed an increase in EAC-rosette formation with progressive disease. In the remaining patients with active disease, a small and variable proportion of lymphoblasts expressed E and/or EAC-rosette formation. In 63 patients in remission, percentages of E- and/or EAC-rosette were similar (p greater than 0.05) to those of control. The results indicate a wide heterogeniety with respect to expression of lymphocyte membrane markers in lymphoblasts and in normal lymphocytes in patients with active ALL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Differential sensitivity to x-ray of chromosomes of blood T-lymphocytes and B-and T-cell lines.

Normal T-lymphocytes, B-cell line (CCRF-SB) and T-cell line (CCRF-HSB-2) cells, all diploid in their chromosome constitution, were exposed in vitro to various doses of X-ray and analyzed at their first mitotic division for structural chromosome abnormalities. The irradiation effects were determined also by a viability test of the cells, using trypan blue dye. The irradiated T-cell line (CCRF-HSB-2) showed a remarkably high frequency of chromosome aberrations, including chromosome and chromatid deletions, chromatid exchanges, dicentrics, rings and acentric fragments. On the other hand, the chromosome aberrations observed in the irradiated B-cell line and normal T-lymphocytes consisted mainly of dicentrics, rings, deletions and acentric fragments; the frequency of chromosome and chromatid deletions was low as compared to that of the T-cell line. The cell viability test showed a singificantly higher percent reduction of viable cells at every dose of X-ray in the irradiated T-cell line than in the B-cell line or the normal T-lymphocytes. It is possible that the increased radiosensitivity of the T-cell line is related to the original malignant nature of the cells, which originated from the lymphocytes of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

Enhanced E- and EAC-rosette formation by neuraminidase.

Pre-treatment by neuraminidase of lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of normal donors significantly enhanced E- and EAC-rosette formation. Of other lymphoid cells only spleen cells showed significant enhancement of E-rosettes. The EAC-rosettes slightly increased when the peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and MOLT-4 lymphoid cells were pre-treated with this enzyme. The EAC-rosettes were not increased by neuraminidase treatment of phytohemagglutinin-induced blasts, thymus cells or spleen cells. Pre-treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes with neuraminidase also increased the proportion of stable E-rosettes resistant to incubation at 37 degrees C and to vigorous shaking. Various concentrations of neuraminidase (1-100 U/ml) produced enhancement of E- and EAC-rosettes with the highest activity at 25 and 50 U/ml. Neuraminidase treatment of sheep red blood cells failed to increase the proportion of E-rosettes of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The increased rosette forming capacity induced by neuraminidase is probably related to changes in lymphocyte surface properties.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed1976

T- and B-lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with clinical and immunologic status of the disease.

T- and B-lymphocyte count were correlated with clinical and immunologic status of 59 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The mean total T-cell count was slightly lower than normal in patients in complete remission, within normal limits in those in partial remission, and significantly higher in those with active disease. The mean total B-cell count, however, was slightly elevated in patients in complete remission and those in partial remission, and markedly elevated in those with active disease. The T-cell count correlated well with the duration of disease in patients in remission: The mean count was within normal range in those patients with disease of less than 3 years, whereas for those patients with disease of 3-12 years, a significant reduction was observed. The T-cell count was well correlated with the status of skin test response of patients with either complete or partial remission; the B-cell count did not correlate with immunoglobulin levels in patients with this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Dependency of sister chromatid exchange in T- and B-cells on the incorporation of deoxyribonucleosides into chromosomal DNA.

Human T-cells (CCRF-HSB2) did not incorporate tritiated thymidine ([3H]TDR)--1.0-5.0 muCi/ml--into the nuclei, where.as they readily incorporated tritiated deoxycytidine (E13H]CDR). When contamination with pleuropneumonia-like organisms was ruled out, these findings strongly suggested a deficiency of the enzyme thymidine kinase in the cells. Human B-cells (CCRF-SB) and normal T-lymphocytes (NTL) readily incorporated [3H]CDR, [3H]TDR, and tritiated 5-bromodeoxyuridine, and they clearly exhibited differential staining of the sister chromatids (SCD). When nonisotopic bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR), 10(-6)-10(-4) M, was used with the B-cells and NTL, SCD were clearly evident and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was relatively infrequent; when the concentration was 10(-7) M, SCD staining was poor but the frequency of SCE was high. SCE frequencies in NTL, measured by autoradiography after incorporation of [3H]CDR, were the same as SCE frequencies measured by staining with BUDR at 10(-4) M. In the case of CCRF-HSB2, 10(-4) M BUDR produced relatively high frequencies of SCE as did 10(-7) M BUDR with the former two cells. However, [3H]CDR with CCRF-HSB2 gave relatively low frequencies of SCE, of the magnitude observed after 10(-4) M BUDR was used with NTL and the B-cells. Thus the high frequency of SCE in CCRF-HSB2 cells may have been due to the staining property of chromosomes that had incorporated low levels of BUDR.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1976

Adjuvant immunotherapy in bronchogenic carcinoma.

Ten patients with locally far advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with autologous tumor vaccine after a radical surgical resection. Three of 10 patients treated with tumor vaccine are alive (median survival of 26 months) whereas all nine patients in the control group are dead (median survival of 6.5 months). Active immunotherapy adjunct to radical surgery appeared to improve cellular immunity of the treated patients in the postoperative period, and the migration inhibition test indicated sensitization of treated patients against their tumor.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1976

Differential inhibition of embryonic cell aggregation by cultured human cells with "malignant" of "normal" characteristics.

The effect that cultured human cells have on chick embryonic neural retina cell aggregation was examined. Different types of human cultured cells inhibited aggregation of chick neural retinal cells to differetn degrees when mixed at a human cell:retina cell ration of 1:60. It appeared from the eleven cell lines studied that cells with "malignant" characteristics inhibited retinal cell aggregation to a greater extent than those with more "normal" characteristics. The assay could be used as a further test for abnormality of cell types and also as a method for studying the interactions of malignant cells with cultured cells.

Cell Aggregation↗
PubMed1976

Human thymus cells. Excellent responders but poor stimulators in 'One Way' mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Human allogeneic 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reactions between thymus cells and thymus cells were entirely absent. Of twenty-one mixed lymphocyte reactions between peripheral blood lymphocytes as responding cells and thymus cells as stimulating cells, only eleven had a weak but significant reaction. In contrast, a highly significant response was observed in each of eighteen mixed lymphocyte reactions between thymus cells as responding cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes as stimulating cells and in each of eleven mixed lymphocyte reactions between peripheral blood lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. These findings indicate that the thymus cells (T lymphocytes) possess excellent proliferative capacity, with little or no stimulating capacity, while peripheral blood lymphocytes (T and B lymphocytes), on the other hand, are good responders, as well as good stimulators, in the mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Human thymus cells: blastogenic response to mitogens, antigens and allogeneic cells.

Over 90 per cent of the thymus cells from each of twenty-six donors were T lymphocytes, identified by E-rosetting and less than 3 per cent of the cells were B lymphocytes identified by EAC-rosetting. With advancing age, the proportion of T lymphocytes decreased while that of B lymphocytes increased. The degree of (3H)thymidine incorporation of thymus cells was inversely proportional to the age of the thymus-cell donor. The PHA or PWM- induced blastogenic response of thymus cells gradually increased with advancing age when the response was expressed as the stimulation index. However, the actual rate of (3H)thymidine incorporation in all three groups was rather similar when cells were cultured with mitogens. The difference in stimulation index was due to the variation in incorporation rate in cultures without stimulants. The PHA response was approximately four-fold higher than that of PWM response. Thymus cell response to allogeneic lyphocytes, on the other hand, had no correlation with the age of thymus donor. The most surprising result in the present study was that the thymus cells from each of ten donors, aged 1-14 years, were incapable of responding to all four different recall antigens. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from nine to ten randomly selected age-matched children responded very well to one or more antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Lymphokine-like factors produced by human lymphoid cell lines with B or T cell surface markers.

In the present series of experiments we examined the ability of eight continuous cell lines derived from human lymphocytes to release lymphokines into their culture media. We have demonstrated that all could produce a macrophage migration inhibitory factor and a neutrophil chemotactic factor. This ability was independent of the B or T cell origin of the cell lines. As a further extension of previous reports, we report that the migration inhibitory effect does not seem to be due to cytotoxic effects as judged by trypan blue exclusion studies, and more important by the demonstration that the inhibition is reversible. The demonstration that neutrophil chemotactic activity is removable by treatment with a previously described and characterized anti-lymphokine antiserum suggests that this factor may be chemically similar to some of the lymphokines (migration inhibitory factor or chemotactic factor for macrophages) produced by antigen-activated guinea pig lymphocyte cultures. The failure to effect similar removal or inactivation of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor may simply reflect greater interspecies heterogeneity in this factor, or more interestingly, that this does not correspond to "classic" MIF. These results extend previous observations by defining further the capacity of lymphoid cell lines in continuous culture to produce mediators and by characterizing their relationship to conventional lymphokines produced by antigen or mitogen-activated lymphocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1975

Migration inhibition test in lung cancer patients.

Twenty patients with primary carcinoma of the lung were tested with migration inhibition test, using extract of cultured lung carcinoma of large cell type. Eight of 10 patients with localized disease had positive inhibition, while all 10 of the patients with disseminated disease had negative inhibition (x2, p less than 0.005). Two cases of large cell carcinoma (localized) showed extremely positive inhibition which may suggest the presence of cell type specific lung carcinoma antigen.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1975

Epstein-Barr Virus antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx and carcinoma of other sites in the head and neck.

Serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were significantly elevated in a group of twenty-three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared with eighty-six patients with cancer of other sites in the head and neck and 222 age-matched controls. Our findings in this group of patients support the suggestion of an association between the Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

High terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in a new T-cell line (RPMI 8402) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia origin.

High activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (terminal transferase) was found in a new "thymus-dependent" cell line (RPMI 8402) which is of acute lymphoblastic leukemia origin. This enzyme resembled the terminal transferase from other human cells in all its properties including Km (0.7 x 10(-6) m for dGTP). The high activity of this enzyme in RPMI 8402 and fresh acute leukemia lymphoblasts, in contrast to the low activity of this enzyme reported for "thymus-independent' cells, suggested that this cell line may have originated from leukemia cells. Moreover, the high activity of terminal transferase in RPMI 8402 cells should make feasible large-scale purification of this enzyme for detailed studies.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1975

Electron microscope study on human lymphocyte-sheep erythrocyte rosettes.

Nonimmune rosette formation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultered MOLT 3 and MOLT 4 cells with sheep red blood cells was studied by transmission electron microscopy. At the cell contact area of the rosette, lymphoid and red cell membranes were parallel and 80-100 A apart. The inner leaflet of the lymphoid cell membrane seemed denser, and amorphous substance attached to its cytoplasmic face. The cell contact area was 100-1000 nm wide and frequently on the lymphoiid cell body rather than on microvilli, though some cells extended microvilli near red cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

T-lymphocyte cell lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Several lymphoid cell lines with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T-cell) characteristics have been established from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These cell lines are considered to be leukemic T-cells on the basis of their abnormal chromosome constitution, growth in heterologous animals, ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells and the absence of immunoglobulin production, and destruction by antithymus cell sera. Sera from patients with leukemia did not react with these cultured cells but there was a strong reaction with infectious mononucleosis sera despite the fact that the cultured leukemia T-cells had no detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nor its genome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Radioimmunoassay for human T-cell associated antigens on MOLT 4 cultured cells.

We have detected antigens associated with two malignant T-cell lines by use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Baboon antisera to a cultured malignant T cell line (MOLT 4F) were prepared and the gammaG-anti-MOLT 4F was enriched by specific adsorption onto, and elution from, MOLT 4F cells followed by repeated absorption with pools of 21 established, long-term cultured B cell lines. Purified 125I-gammaG-anti-MOLT 4F preparation was tested for relative binding to autologous (MOLT 4F) and allogenetic (Sommer-RPMI 8402) T cells as well as B cells, including Sommer B cells (RPMI 8392). The degree of enrichment of antibody to malignant T cell associated antigens, expressed in terms of the ratios of the amount of globulin bound by T cells relative to the amount bound by B cells, were 6.3 and 5.0 for MOLT 4F and Sommer T cells, respectively.

Animals↗