Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Minowada

Publications and source records attributed to J Minowada.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

High terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic and acute myelocytic leukemias.

Specificity of TdT5 as a marker for ALL was evaluated by determining its activity in cells from normal control subjects and from 35 pediatric patients with ALL, AML, Hodgkin's disease and disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma. We evaluated the DNA polymerase activity, cell surface phenotypes (E rosettes, EAC rosettes, Smlg and la-like, HTLA and cALL antigens), and hematological and cytochemical characteristics in both the normal and patient groups. DNA polymerase alpha + beta and DNA polymerase gamma activity were indiscriminately high in all immature cells as found in ALL, AML, Burkitt's lymphoma and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal lymphocytes, when compared to mature leukocytes found in normal individuals or in patients whose cancer was in remission. High TdT activity was found in 24 of 26 T and non-T/non-B ALL patients in active phase as well as in two of three AML patients one of whom had Auer rods. Thus, TdT, although valuable for monitoring ALL patients, may have limitations in separating AML from ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Heteroantiserum against acute lymphocytic leukemia raised to the lymphoblastoid cell line NALM-1.

Antisera have been raised in rabbits to the lymphoblastoid cell line NALM 1 precoated with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS). Following absorption with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) the antisera reacted mainly with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells, and were very similar in specificity to antisera raised to ALL cells precoated with ALS. Leukemia cells from the following numbers of patients were positive for the anti-NALM 1 sera in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test; 11/14 ALL, 3/15 acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 1/5 chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and 0/8 CLL. Normal B and T peripheral blood lymphocytes were negative. The titer of the anti-NALM 1 sera against positive cells was 1:64 to 1:256 whereas the undiluted sera did not react with negative cells. Ten out of 11 of the positive ALL cells were of the non-B non-T type. However, cells from 1/4 T ALL patients and a cultured T ALL line 8402 were also positive. Six of 12 cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines were positive, all of which were of malignant origin. The molecular weight of the ALL antigen detected by anti-NALM-1 serum was determined by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to be approximately 98,000 daltons.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism by human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes.

Here we report a more sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolites elaborated by human monocytes and lymphocytes using only 10 X 10(6) cells for HPLC analysis. The major metabolites formed by both lymphocytes and monocytes were 3-hydroxy-BP, 9-hydroxy-BP and quinones. BP-dihydrodiols were also found by HPLC analysis, the major one being BP-7,8-dihydrodiol for both cell types. In addition, a peak slightly more polar than 9,10-dihydrodiol was formed by lymphocytes. The 7,8-diol peak was eliminated by the addition of 1,1,1-trichloropropene oxide to the incubation mixture. The presence of alpha-napthoflavone resulted in an overall decrease in metabolite production.

Benzopyrenes↗
PubMed1978

Differential chemotherapeutic susceptibility of human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in culture.

After previous work from this laboratory revealed that asparaginase was 800-2,000 times more inhibitory against human T-lymphocytes in culture than against B-lymphocytes, a similar further study of 13 chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents was done. Cytosine arabinoside and 5-fluorouracil also had differential inhibitory activities on human T- and B-cells in culture. On the basis of the dose producing 50% inhibition of viable cell growth on day 5, cytosine arabinoside had 45-80 times more inhibitory activity against T-cells than against B-cells. In contrast to asparaginase and cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil had 10-20 times more inhibitory activity against B-cells. The rest of the chemotherapeutic and immunosupressive agents tested had minor or no differential activity. These findings indicated that T-cell response to asparaginase and cytosine arabinoside and B-cell response to 5-fluorouracil may be exploitable for the differential immunosuppressive effects presumed to be active in vivo. In addition, such differential responses may predict differential tumor cell behavior against these chemotherapeutic agents by T- and B-cell neoplasms in vivo.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Differences in purine metabolizing enzyme activities in human leukemia T-cell, B-cell and null cell lines.

Clear metabolic differences between T- and B-cells were demonstrated. Both adenosine deaminase (ADA) and nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) activities increased during logarithmic growth and then decreased in T-cells, but remained essentially constant during the growth cycle of B-cells. When these enzyme activities were examined in a number of T-cell, B-cell, and null cell lines, ADA activity was clearly higher in T-cells as compared to all others. With NP, the opposite appeared to be true, although the differences were much smaller and not statistically significant in all instances. No clear differences were found in the isoenzyme distributions of both enzymes in the various cell types.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1978

Stimulating capacity of blast cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia, in blastic crisis in 'one-way' mixed lymphoycte reaction: lack of evidence for T lymphoblastic conversion.

It has long been suggested that the blastic transformation in some patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) may be lymphoid in nature. It has recently been postulated that some patients with CML may undergo a T lymphoblastic crisis because the leukaemic blasts from these patients have high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity and that some patients may undergo a non-T/non-B lymphoblastic crisis since leukaemic blasts from a majority of morphologically lymphoid type CML-BC cases react with antiserum specific for non-T/non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The present study shows that leukaemic blasts from each of six patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukaemia-blastic crisis (CML-BC) exerted a strong stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes in 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. There was no apparent difference in stimulating capacity between morphologically myeloid type (four cases) and lymphoid type (two cases). The stimulating capacity of leukaemic blasts from patients with CML-BC was quite similar to that of blasts from all patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) and from some patients with non-T/non-B type ALL. Leukaemic blasts from a patient with T-cell type ALL and cultured leukaemic T lymphoblastoid cells (2 lines) consistently failed to stimulate while cultured leukaemic null-cells (4 lines) consistently exerted a strong stimulation in 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. These observations suggest that leukaemic cells from patients with CML-BC, morphologically lymphoblastic type, are not T lymphoblasts although the possibility that these cells are non-T/non-B lymphoblasts cannot be ruled out entirely.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Use of stimulating capacity of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR-S) as a possible marker for the cell-origin of null-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The recent introduction of surface marker analysis indicates that the T-cell ALL represents 15--25%, the B-cell ALL represents less than 5% and the null-cell ALL represents more than 70% of cases. The origin of leukaemic null-cells is at present not clear. The present study shows that fresh leukaemic cells from five patients with null-cell ALL exerted a strong stimulating effect while the leukaemic cells from three patients with null-cell ALL failed to stimulate in 'one-way' MLR. Cultured leukaemic cells from three null-cell lines (NALM-16, NALL-1 and MOLT-10) consistently exerted a strong stimulation while leukaemic cells from one null-cell line (REH) exerted little or no stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. Leukaemic null-cells from the NALM-,6 line exhibited a lesser but significant stimulation in 'one-way' MLR. These observations lead us to speculate that leukaemic null-cells which possess a stimulating capacity may represent less differentiated leukaemic B lymphoid cells (early B-cell precursors) and leukaemic null-cells which possess no stimulating capacity may represent less differentiated leukaemic T lymphoid cells (early T-cell precursor).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Unique leukemic non-T/non-B lymphoid cell lines (REH and KM-3): absence of MLR-S and presence of suppressor cell activity for normal T-cell response.

The present study unequivocally demonstrates that leukemic non-T/non-B lymphod cells from three cell lines (NALL-1, NALM-6 and NALM-16) possess a strong stimulating capacity in "one-way" mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR-S), while leukemic cells from two non-T/non-B cell lines (REH and KM-3) possess no MLR-S. It is speculated that leukemic non-T/non-B lymphoid cells with MLR-S may represent less differentiated leukemic B cells and leukemic non-T/B lymphoid cells without MLR-S may represent less differentiated leukemic T cells. The REH or KM-3 cells without MLR-S also act as suppressor cells on normal T lymphocyte response to mitogen and allogeneic cells by secreting a potent suppressor activity. The MOLT-4 leukemic T lymphoid cells with no MLR-S, on the other hand, do not act as suppressor cells on T lymphocyte response. The soluble factor(s) secreted by the REH or KM-3 cell line is non-toxic to T lymphocytes and heat-sensitive. A significant suppression of T lymphocyte response is still observed, even when the active material is only present for one hour prior to the addition of PHA or it is added several days after the beginning of cultures. The biological and physico-chemical nature of this active material has not been defined. Further studies are currently in progress for biological and physico-chemical characterization and isolation of the active material.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Chronic myelocytic leukemia terminating in blast cell crisis with lymphoblastic characteristics.

A child with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), Philadelphia chromosome positive, developed a non-T cell, non-B cell, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) during her blast cell crisis. The diagnosis was suggested by light microscopy and supported by histochemical stains and transmission electron microscopy. Immunologic studies showed the presence of a non-T, non-B leukemic blast population--indistinguishable from the most common form of ALL (null cell type). Markedly elevated terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity was found. The findings support the hypothesis that the primary cell involved in CML is a stem cell with pluripotential characteristics; frequently the blast cell proliferative phase terminates in acute myeloblastic leukemia, but it may also terminate in ALL. The TdT activity may be evidence of leukemic transformation and not necessarily related to the thymic origin of the lymphocytes.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1978

Profound radiosensitivity in "leukemic" T-cell lines and T-cell-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia demonstrated by sodium [51Cr]chromate labeling.

Radiation sensitivity was determined by measuring spontaneous release from 51Cr-labeled cells in various lymphoid cell populations. Among six leukemia T-cell lines originating from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, four such lines were found to be highly radiosensitive. In contrast, two of the leukemic T-cell lines and four normal control B-cell lines were not radiosensitive. Thymocytes from six patients and leukemia T-cell blasts from three patients with T-cell leukemia were likewise found to be highly radiosensitive, whereas leukemic blasts from six patients with null-cell (non-T, non-B-cell) acute lymphoblastic leukemia were not radiosensitive. Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and mitogen-induced normal lymphoblasts were found not to be radiosensitive. The results indicate that measurement of the radiation sensitivity of acute leukemic blasts may have a therapeutic significance in coping with the heterogeneous nature of individual leukemia cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Acute lymphocytic leukemia-associated cell membrane antigen.

Antisera were raised in New Zealand White rabbits against non-B, non-T acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells coated with antilymphocyte serum. Following minimal absorption with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, the antiserum reacted mainly with non-B, non-T ALL cells. The following numbers of patients had leukemia cells that reacted with the ALL antisera: 13 of 18 with ALL, 3 of 27 with acute myelocytic leukemia, 1 of 8 with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), and 0 of 12 with CLL. The positive CML was a patient in CML blast crisis. Normal peripheral blood B- and T-lymphocytes and normal bone marrow were negative. Reactions of the anti-ALL serum (136K) were compared with the reactions of a rabbit anti-B-cell antiserum (63K) that reacted with approximately 70% of leukemia cells. Cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines from normal donors were negative by both cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence tests. However, by immunofluorescence testing, 8 of 17 known malignant lines from a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders were positive; 4 of these lines were of T-cell origin. By immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the ALL antigen appeared to consist of a single polypeptide chain of approximately 98,000 daltons. The anti-ALL antiserum was not cytotoxic for normal myeloid stem cells (colony-forming units).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured lymphocytes of twins.

Measurement of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in cultured lymphocytes of 18 monozygotic and 30 dizygotic twin pairs showed that basal and induced AHH activity and AHH inducibility are heritable traits. The data are consistent with AHH inducibility being determined by a single or a very few polymorphic genes.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1978

Rabbit antiserum against a non-T, non-B leukemia cell line that carries the Ph1 chromosome (NALM-1): antibody specific to a non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen.

Rabbit immune sera against human cells of a non-T, non-B leukemia cell line bearing the Ph1 chromosome (NALM-1) were characterized. After proper and exhaustive absorption, the sera were tested by indirect membrane immunofluorescence on a panel of 19 human hematopoietic cell lines with T-, B-, or non-T, non-B cell surface characteristics. The absorbed sera reacted specifically with NALM-1 cells but not with cells of another Ph1-positive cell line, K-562. Four of the 6 leukemia T-cell lines, 2 of the 4 leukemia-lymphoma B-cell lines, all of 4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lines with non-T, non-B cell characteristics, and uncultured cells of all patients with non-T, non-B cell ALL were reactive with the antisera. A cross-absorption study of the antisera suggested that a single antigenic complex is involved in this antigen specificity. The antigen involved appears to be a common non-T, non-B ALL one that has been described previously.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Questionable relation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase to lung-cancer risk.

To test whether the genetically determined trait, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility, affects susceptibility to lung cancer, we measured this trait in cultured lymphocytes from a normal population, patients with lung cancer and progeny of such patients. We found very low aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity (19 per cent of normal) in about half the patients with lung cancer. Only part of this activity can be accounted for by reduced cell growth and by reduced protein synthesis. In an indirect assessment of inducibility, both 57 progeny and 27 matched controls had a mean inducibility of 2.95 and a similar distribution into low, intermediate and high groups (chi-square = 0.3 P = 0.9). No differences in basal or induced activity were observed. Thus, if patients with lung cancer possess altered aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility or activity these characteristics are not transmitted to their progeny.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity and cell surface antigens of two unique cell lines (NALM-1 and BALM-2) of human leukemic origin.

Two unique cell lines, NALM-1 and BALM-2 derived from lymphoblast-like cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia and rare B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, respectively, were compared with fresh parent cells from the patients and with a Philadelphia chromosome positive K-562 cell line previously established from a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient in blastic phase. NALM-1 resembled the parent cells in the presence of Philadelphia chromosome, non-T/non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia specific antigens and lack of T or B cell markers, whereas BALB-2, like the parent cells, had two chromosome markers and bore kappa, delta and mu immunoglobulins. NALM-1 lacked Epstein-Barr virus genome, whereas BALM-2 showed the presence of Epstein-Barr virus genome. K-562 cells lacked all the antigen markers examined. All cells had high DNA polymerase alpha activity and low DNA polymerase gamma activity. NALM-1, like the parent cells and unlike K-562 cells, had high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity of about 200 mu/mg DNA, whereas BALM-2, like its parent cells, had terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity of 1-2 mu/mg DNA (1 u = 1 nmole Mn++-dGTP/h on dA12-18 initiator). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was characterized by its chromatographic and sedimentation behavior, thermal sensitivity and specific inhibition by streptolydigin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase antisera. These results indicate that NALM-1 and K-562 may represent different phenotypes of cells in CML blastic crisis. Moreover, NALM-1 and BALM-2 seem to have retained the characteristics of original leukemic cells from which they may have been derived.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗