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Biomedical subjects

J Mills

Publications and source records attributed to J Mills.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Trypsin inhibition by mouse serum: sexual dimorphism controlled by testosterone.

The trypsin inhibiting activity in the serum of male mice is substantially greater than that in females. In five strains of mice and two large groups of interstrain hybrids this difference ranged from 14 (in ICR mice) to 55 percent (in DBA mice). Castration of males significantly decreased the serum trypsin inhibiting activity, whereas the administration of testosterone restored the activity to its original level. Administration of testosterone to female mice increased the activity to a level similar to that in males of the same strain. Because almost all the change in inhibiting activity occurred in the electrophoretic alpha-1 region, alpha-1 region, alpha-1-antitrypsin is probably responsible for this effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A physical comparison of two fixed-angle emission tomographic cardiac imaging systems.

Two 7-pinhole tomographic imaging systems for large and small field-of-view gamma cameras were compared with a standard rotating slant-hole system in terms of planar resolution and resolution with depth. Other measurements include the determination of the depths of the reconstructed planes, image miniaturization and scintislice area variation with depth, the effect of scatter on resolution and the variation in resolution across the reconstructed plane. The pinhole sensitivities and the relative reconstructed sensitivities with depth were also measured. The rotating slant-hole system is found to have better depth resolution, a better scatter correction, has more uniform reconstructed sensitivities, is easier to position over the patient but requires significantly longer data acquisition times than the 7-pinhole system.

Heart↗
PubMed1983

Ambulation of the institutionalized elderly.

In institutions where the necessary personnel are available and a high level of motivation can be cultivated, regular ambulation for most elderly patients can be accomplished with relative ease and unmatched cost-effectiveness. Ambulation has a positive effect on the elderly patient's desire to live. The activity provides both emotional and physiologic benefits.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1982

Patient-initiated therapy for recurrent genital herpetic infections.

Therapy for recurrent genital herpes is difficult to evaluate because of the short duration of lesions and viral shedding. Very early treatment, however, can be begun by patients who experience prodromes before onset of lesions. We have found prodromes to occur in 73 percent of male and 84 percent of female patients; 57 percent of the men and 68 percent of the women experienced prodromes in at least three out of every four recurrent episodes. Variables that might affect results of such a patient-initiated study evaluating topical acyclovir included: application of the ointment (drug or placebo) without prodrome (10 percent); the possibility of a false prodrome (less than or equal to 10 percent); long intervals between experiencing a prodrome and ointment application (15 percent greater than 24 hours); the inability to sense a prodrome during sleep; lack of ointment application to the involved areas with initial or later lesions (approximately 15 percent); noncompliance of enrollees in returning for study evaluations (greater than or equal to 10 percent). Such variables will need to be considered when the code is broken in this multicenter study, as well as for patient-initiated studies with other formulations of acyclovir or with other drugs. Earlier negative studies with other agents given within two to three days of appearance of lesions might also require reevaluation with similar patient-initiated studies.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

Selective reinnervation of skeletal muscle in the newt Triturus cristatus.

1. A study was made of the effectiveness of synapses formed by foreign and original nerves during reinnervation of skeletal muscle of the newt Triturus cristatus. The extensor cranialis nerve (e.c.n.) of the forelimb was implanted into the humeroantebrachialis muscle (biceps) which was denervated by cutting or crushing the forelimb flexor nerve (f.f.n.). 2. Although biceps became innervated by the implanted nerve, neuromuscular transmission was abnormal. The ratio of the tensions developed by biceps during single and repetitive (50 Hz) stimulation of e.c.n. was lower than either that obtained in normal biceps or during stimulation of f.f.n. after it had regenerated. Similarly, the mean quantal content of e.p.p.s evoked in biceps during stimulation of e.c.n. were lower (m = 17.1) than those evoked in normal muscles (m = 74.6) or during stimulation of the regenerated f.f.n. (m = 40.4). 3. Although the implanted e.c.n. had innervated biceps, after 2-3 months a sprout had grown out of the side of the nerve to reinnervate the extensor digitorum communis muscle (e.d.c.) of the forearm. The mean quantal content of e.p.p.s evoked in this muscle by stimulation of e.c.n. (m = 32.2) was higher than that of those e.p.p.s evoked by stimulation of e.c.n. (m = 32.2) was higher than that of those e.p.p.s evoked by stimulation of the same nerve in biceps (m = 17.1). 4. The results suggest that the synapses formed when a muscle is innervated by an inappropriate nerve are less effective than those formed when reinnervation by the correct nerve occurs. This may account for the tendency of the inappropriate synapses to regress following reinnervation by the correct nerve. In addition however, in the newt there seem to exist mechanisms which ensure that regenerating nerves reinnervate their correct muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Enhanced cell killing in lewis lung carcinoma and a human pancreatic-carcinoma xenograft by the combination of cytotoxic drugs and misonidazole.

The "chemosensitizing" properties of the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO) were examined in 2 tumour systems, murine Lewis lung carcinoma and human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografted into immune-suppressed mice, using a soft-agar colony assay to measure tumour-cell survival. In mice bearing Lewis lung tumour, the administration of MISO simultaneously with melphalan, cyclophosphamide. CCNU, FU or vincristine gave substantial enhancement of cytotoxicity (DEFs from 1.5 to 3.5). However, no enhancement was seen with bleomycin, VP 16-213 or cis-Pt. The same level of enhancement of cyclophosphamide effect (DEF = 2.0) was seen with both cell survival and growth delay end-points effect (DEF = 2.0) was seen with both cell survival and growth delay end-points of tumour response. Enhancement was also seen in the human tumour xenograft with melphalan, cyclophosphamide and MeCCNU, using a cell survival assay, but cis-Pt was again not enhanced.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

The role of histamine receptors in asthma.

1. Eighteen non-asthmatic and 18 asthmatic subjects underwent challenge with increasing doses of histamine from a dosimeter-nebulizer system. Half the subjects in each group were atopic and half non-atopic. Bronchial response was monitored with serial measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) and a dose-response curve was constructed for each challenge. In addition, the nine atopic asthmatic patients underwent antigen challenges with a similar technique. In each subject the challenges were repeated, on separate days, after intravenous injections of either sodium chloride solution (150 nmol/l: saline) placebo, chlorpheniramine (an H1-receptor antagonist), cimetidine (an H2-receptor antagonist) or after both antagonists together. Baseline bronchial tone was always comparable within subjects immediately before challenge. 2. Cimetidine had no significant effect on baseline sGaw in any group, whereas chlorpheniramine raised baseline sGaw in the asthmatic subjects. Placebo did not alter the mean dose-response curves for histamine or antigen. However there was a small, but significant, shift of the curves to the right after cimetidine and a much larger shift to the right with chlorpheniramine, whether given alone or with cimetidine. The effect of the histamine antagonists on histamine and antigen responses was very similar and there was no difference in the pattern of response among normal subjects as compared with asthmatics or among atopic as compared with non-atopic subjects. 3. In conclusion, the same pattern of histamine receptors exists in the airways of asthmatic and normal subjects. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction is mediated predominantly via the H1-receptors, with little, if any, contribution from the H2-receptors. Histamine appears to be an important mediator in the immediate allergic response in airways since this response is blocked by an H1-receptors antagonist.

Airway Resistance↗