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Biomedical subjects

J Miller

Publications and source records attributed to J Miller.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A comprehensive evaluation of metaproterenol, a new bronchodilator.

Metaproterenol (Alupent), a new bronchodilator, was administered in oral and metered aerosol forms to 134 patients with bronchial asthma in three separate studies: (1) a placebo-controlled trial of single doses of aerosol, (2) a long-term uncontrolled clinical trial of the aerosol, and (3) a long-term uncontrolled clinical trial of the oral tablet. In the first study, statistical analysis of results in 31 patients showed that a single dose of metaproterenol aerosol was significantly superior to placebo aerosol in improving the pulmonary function as measured by forced expiratory volume (P less than 0.01) and maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (P less than 0.05). In the two uncontrolled, long-term clinical trials, 37 patients were treated with metaproterenol aerosol for an average of about four months, and 66 other patients received the drug orally for an average of about three weeks, respectively. The daily dose was one or two doses of aerosol, approximately 0.65 mg. per dose, taken as required several times daily; or 20 to 80 mg. of metaproterenol tablets daily orally. Satisfactory clinical response was seen in 29 (78.4 per cent) of the patients on aerosol and in 45 (68.2 per cent) of the patients on oral therapy. On the aerosol, nine patients (24.3 per cent) experienced mild tachycardia. On oral medication, side effects developed in 16 patients (24.2 per cent). Reactions, mostly nervousness and tachycardia, were mild and usually could be controlled by reducing the dosage. Only two patients (3 per cent) discontinued the drug. Laboratory tests carried out during the aerosol trial and at the end of the oral study revealed no drug-related abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diffusion tensor imaging of normal and injured developing human brain - a technical review.

The application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to the evaluation of developing brain remains an area of active investigation. This review focuses on the changes in DTI parameters which accompany both brain maturation and injury. The two primary pieces of information available from DTI studies-water apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion anisotropy measures-change dramatically during development, reflecting underlying changes in tissue water content and cytoarchitecture. DTI parameters also change in response to brain injury. In this context, not only does DTI offer the possibility of detecting injury earlier than conventional imaging methods, but also appears more sensitive to disruption of white matter than any other imaging method. DTI offers unique insight into brain injury and maturation, and does so in a fashion that can be readily applied in a clinical setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical localization of PACAP in the ovine digestive system.

The localization of immunoreactive PACAP (PACAP-IR) in the entire length of the sheep gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas was studied by an immunohistochemical method. PACAP-IR-containing nerve fibers innervated the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the mucosa in the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines, the muscular layer of the stomach and intestine, Brunner's gland of the duodenum, and the walls of small arteries. PACAP-IR fibers also innervated the exocrine acini, islets of Langerhans, and the small arteries in the connective tissue septa of the pancreas. These findings suggest a regulatory role of PACAP in the digestive system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positron emission tomography studies of normal aging: a replication of PET III and 18-FDG using PET VI and 11-CDG.

Using PET VI and 11-CDG we replicated our earlier PET III and 18-FDG normal aging findings. Examination of young and old normal volunteers revealed the absence of any absolute regional age-related changes in glucose utilization. For the combined sample (N = 81) we did find evidence to suggest a relative hypofrontal change with increasing age. A strong relationship between age and ventricular size (CT) was also found. These findings suggest the preserved glucose metabolism of the resting aging brain in the presence of structural atrophic changes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cyclosporine A on serum tumor necrosis factor alpha in new-onset type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

Because the etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is thought to be autoimmune, several clinical trials have utilized immunosuppression to treat newly diagnosed diabetic patients. In the University of Miami trial, cyclosporine A (CyA) was used to treat one group (n = 10), while the other received placebo (n = 13). During the 1-year study, islet beta-cell function was better preserved in the CyA group compared to the placebo group, based on the response (C-peptide production) to a physiologic stimulus (meal challenge). Specifically, when measured by regression analysis, the slope defining the rate of decline of beta-cell function was significantly lower for the CyA-treated group (p < 0.05). Cytokine levels were analyzed retrospectively from frozen (-70 degrees C) stored sera from both groups. At time 0, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) levels were similar in the CyA (40.1 +/- 14.2 pg/mL) and placebo group (38.5 +/- 12.1 pg/mL) of IDDM subjects (normal 32.0 +/- 5.0 pg/mL). At 1 month, the level of TNF alpha in the CyA group was significantly lower than that observed in the placebo group (22.3 +/- 7.2 versus 53.3 +/- 8.9 pg/mL (P < .05). TNF alpha levels subsequently fell in the placebo group and were not significantly different between placebo and CyA groups. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) levels in IDDM patients were significantly higher than in normal subjects at diagnosis of IDDM. For the next 6 months, these levels fell consistently in both the CyA and placebo groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗