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Biomedical subjects

J Middleton

Publications and source records attributed to J Middleton.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Development and evaluation of an attentional test for head injured children--1. Information processing capacity in a normal sample.

The Children's Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (CHIPASAT) was developed to assess the capacity and rate of information processing in children. This basic aspect of attention underlies many abilities, and is impaired following head injury in adults. Similar impairment may occur in children after head injury or other CNS dysfunction. A sample (N = 315) of normal school children was assessed with the CHIPASAT to establish normative data, and relationships between age, arithmetic ability, general intellectual (g) ability and information processing capacity. The results suggest that the age and, to a lesser extent, the arithmetic ability of a child have a significant influence on information processing capacity. The children's general intellectual ability (g) and sex were unrelated to CHIPASAT performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vitamin B12 injections: considerable source of work for the district nurse.

Between June and September 1984, district nurses who worked in Coventry were asked to submit returns giving details of the patients for whom they administered vitamin B12 injections. Of 492 patients identified, 382 (78%) were receiving injections more frequently than the recommended three monthly dose of hydroxy-cobalamin. An extra 3751 injections are being administered a year. Four hundred and thirty (88%) of these patients have conditions for which the drug is of proven benefit, so the increased frequency of injections accounts for most of the observed excess. A total of 2000 hours a year of district nurse time is spent with these patients. The nursing service is under increasing strain. Changes in vitamin B12 prescribing alone could make between 600 and 1470 hours available for other patient needs.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1985

Failure of scalp hypothermia to prevent hair loss when cyclophosphamide is added to doxorubicin and vincristine.

Scalp hypothermia can prevent alopecia caused by low doses of doxorubicin alone or in simple combinations. The technique was used in 60 patients with breast cancer (24 receiving adjuvant therapy; 36 with advanced recurrent disease) receiving chemotherapy with iv doxorubicin (40 mg/m2) and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2) on Day 1 together with oral cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2) on Days 2-5. The patients' desire to continue scalp hypothermia, reflecting their perception of benefit, and an objective assessment of hair retention were the study end points. The mean number of cycles of chemotherapy given (6.1 in patients receiving adjuvant therapy; 3.8 in those with advanced disease) exceeded the number of cycles with hypothermia (2.1 in patients receiving adjuvant therapy; 1.6 in those with advanced disease); no patients retained enough hair to encourage them to continue scalp hypothermia throughout chemotherapy. All patients were rated as having poor hair retention. Scalp hypothermia is ineffective when used with combinations of drugs, each causing alopecia, or with high doses of doxorubicin.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1984

Microcomputer control applied to the Vickers M85/86 microdensitometer.

An electronic interface for a Research Machines 380Z microcomputer and a Vickers M85/6 integrating microdensitometer is described, together with outlines of the control software. A typical applications programme, which may be written in several high-level languages, is outlined for the determination of a time course plot for enzyme activity in a tissue section. This system facilitates rapid accurate measurement and analysis of experimental data.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Euploidization of human hepatocytes from donors of different ages and both sexes compared with those from cases of Werner's syndrome and progeria.

Quantitative cytochemical studies of ploidy values for mono- and bi-nucleate hepatocytes from human livers of individuals from 15 weeks to 80 years of age, confirm earlier reports that the main ploidy shifts occur at 6-7 years, puberty and 21 years of age. In addition, the pattern of ploidy increase is similar to that described for other mammals. Ploidy values obtained for hepatocytes from two patients with Werner's Syndrome are in excess of those from livers of normal individuals of similar age. In contrast, ploidy values from the liver of a single case of Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome were similar to those from children of a similar age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A semi-automated procedure for aiding the diagnosis of cervical neoplasms based on the measurement of acid-labile DNA in exfoliated cells.

Measurements of acid-labile fractions of DNA in cells exfoliated from cervical neoplasms (invasive squamous-cell carcinomas) using Feulgen techniques have shown elevated values in both abnormal and cytologically normal cell nuclei. These increased values occur early in the hydrolysis profiles before the Feulgen hydrolysis optimum for the cell nuclei of normal patients has been attained. They are of sufficient magnitude to enable a microcomputer programmed in BASIC to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells, even when the latter are of cytologically normal appearance. By semi-automating the measurement procedure using a microcomputer interfaced with a Vickers M86 microdensitometer, the assessment of acid-labile DNA in cell nuclei is proposed as a useful aid to the existing cytological diagnosis of cervical neoplasms.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1983

Towards an automated procedure for the quantitative cytological screening of cervical neoplasms.

Integrating microdensitometry has been used to quantify the glycoprotein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), which is frequently expressed on the cytoplasmic membrane of neoplastic cells of the cervix uteri. The technique was able to identify and quantify the antigen over a wide concentration range and could also be semi-automated using a microcomputer interfaced to the microdensitometer and programmed with the simple high level language BASIC.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1982

Hepatocyte euploidization is a typical mammalian physiological specialization.

1. Quantitative cytochemical studies of hepatocytes from a variety of species representing the various sub-classes of mammals have shown that euploidization of hepatocytes is a typical feature of mammalian livers. 2. Euploidization occurs during early development and frequently involves a large proportion of the hepatocyte population. 3. Comparison with livers from birds and diploid fish indicates that euploidization is a special mammalian feature.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A quantitative cytochemical study of acid phosphatases in hepatocytes of different ploidy classes from aging rats.

A quantitative cytochemical study of isolated hepatocytes from young, middle-aged and old adult rats has shown a doubling of acid naphthol AS-BI phosphatase activity as the hepatocytes shift from the diploid to the tetraploid state, and an overall increase in activity in cells from old animals. There was a complete inhibition of all acid phosphatase activity with 10(-2)M sodium molybdate, but only a 90% inhibition in hepatocytes from livers of rats of 12-25 months-old animals with 10(-2)M sodium fluoride, the resistant activity possibly representing adenyl cyclase activity. In contrast, 10(-2)M ouabain inhibited 70-80% of the activity in hepatocytes from 12-15-months-old animals, this level of inhibition decreasing with increasing age, and implying a decrease in transport ATPase activity and an increased lysosomal phosphatase activity with increasing age of the rats.

Acid Phosphatase↗